A finishing study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding 0, 8, 16, or 20% corn distillers solubles (CDS), as well as the effects of feeding a combination of 16% CDS and 20% wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) to replace a blend of dry-rolled and high-moisture corn on finishing steer performance. As inclusions of CDS increased, ADG linearly increased and F:G linearly decreased. Feeding value of CDS at 20% inclusion was determined to be 147% compared to the corn blend. The addition of WDGS resulted in a decrease in DMI with similar ADG, resulting in a decrease in F:G. Feeding a combination of CDS and WDGS resulted in a feeding value of 161% compared to corn. Feeding CDS up to 20% or in combination with WDGS displaces corn in finishing diets and improves ADG and F:G

Bittner, Curtis J.

Boyd, Bradley M., Boyd

Erickson, Galen E.

Hansen, Benjamin H.

Hilscher, F. Henry

MacDonald, Jim C.

English

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department
2018
Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Finishing
Steer Performance
Benjamin H. Hansen
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Curtis J. Bittner
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, curtis.bittner@unl.edu
Bradley M. Boyd Boyd
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, bboyd4@unl.edu
F. Henry Hilscher
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, henry.hilscher@unl.edu
Jim C. MacDonald
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, jmacdonald2@unl.edu
See next page for additional authors
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr
Part of the Large or Food Animal and Equine Medicine Commons, Meat Science Commons, and
the Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Commons
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has
been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
Hansen, Benjamin H.; Bittner, Curtis J.; Boyd, Bradley M. Boyd; Hilscher, F. Henry; MacDonald, Jim C.; and Erickson, Galen E.,
"Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Finishing Steer Performance" (2018). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 983.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/983
Authors
Benjamin H. Hansen, Curtis J. Bittner, Bradley M. Boyd Boyd, F. Henry Hilscher, Jim C. MacDonald, and
Galen E. Erickson
This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/983
2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report · 95 
©  The Board Regents of the University of  
Nebraska. All rights reserved.
and establish initial BW. Steers were blocked 
by BW (n=3), stratified within block, and as-
signed randomly to pen. Pens were assigned 
randomly to one of the five treatments with 
20 steers/pen and 6 pens/treatment.
Treatments consisted of increasing 
inclusions of CDS 0, 8, 16, and 20% DM dis-
placing a dry- rolled corn (DRC) and high- 
moisture corn blend (HMC) (Table 1). A 
fifth treatment included 16% CDS with 20% 
wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) to 
compare normal industry WDGS inclusions 
with additional CDS, to the performance of 
the 16% CDS inclusion alone. Steers were 
adapted to diets over a 21- d step- up period 
trial was conducted to evaluate the feeding 
value of corn distillers solubles compared to 
corn on performance and carcass character-
istics in finishing diets.
Procedure
A 114- d finishing study was conduct-
ed at the Eastern Nebraska Research and 
Extension Center feedlot in Mead, NE. Six 
hundred crossbred steers (initial BW = 957 
± 90 lb.) were utilized. Steers were limit fed 
a common diet at 2.0% of BW for 5 days 
and weighed for two consecutive days at the 
beginning of the trial to account for gut fill 
Benjamin H. Hansen
Curtis J. Bittner
Bradley M. Boyd
F. Henry Hilscher
Jim C. MacDonald
Galen E. Erickson
Summary with Implications
A finishing study was conducted to 
evaluate the effects of feeding 0, 8, 16, or 20% 
corn distillers solubles (CDS), as well as the 
effects of feeding a combination of 16% CDS 
and 20% wet distillers grains plus solubles 
(WDGS) to replace a blend of dry- rolled and 
high- moisture corn on finishing steer perfor-
mance. As inclusions of CDS increased, ADG 
linearly increased and F:G linearly decreased. 
Feeding value of CDS at 20% inclusion was 
determined to be 147% compared to the corn 
blend. The addition of WDGS resulted in a 
decrease in DMI with similar ADG, resulting 
in a decrease in F:G. Feeding a combination 
of CDS and WDGS resulted in a feeding val-
ue of 161% compared to corn. Feeding CDS 
up to 20% or in combination with WDGS 
displaces corn in finishing diets and improves 
ADG and F:G.
Introduction
Recent changes to ethanol production, 
involving the extraction of oil, changes the 
nutrient profile of corn distillers solubles 
(CDS). Due to the market value of corn oil, 
75% of the ethanol plants are centrifuging 
and marketing corn oil independently. 
Previous research with CDS, without oil 
removal, reported a quadratic decrease in 
F:G when CDS displaced corn in finishing 
diets (2012 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 64– 
65). More recent research involving feeding 
CDS, with oil extraction, has variable results 
at inclusions below 10% DM in finishing di-
ets. Therefore, CDS after oil extraction may 
not improve F:G in finishing cattle. Thus, a 
Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles  
on Finishing Steer Performance
Table 1. Diet composition (DM basis) for varying inclusion of distillers solubles
CDS1, % Inclusion
Ingredient 0 8 16 20 16 + 202
Dry- rolled corn 68 62 55 52 39
High- moisture corn 17 15 14 13 10
Corn distillers solubles - 8 16 20 16
Wet distillers grains plus solubles - - - - 20
Alfalfa hay 10 10 10 10 10
Supplement3 - - - - - 
 Fine Ground Corn 1.169 1.908 2.255 2.603 2.950
 Limestone 1.528 1.519 1.518 1.518 1.517
 Tallow 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125
 Urea 1.403 1.040 0.693 0.347 - 
 Thiamine - 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016
 Salt 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300
 Beef Trace Mineral 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
 Vitamin A- D- E 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
 Rumensin- 90®4 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017
 Tylan- 40®5 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Nutrient Composition, % of DM
 CP 13.0 13.7 14.4 14.4 18.4
 Fat 4.12 4.16 4.24 4.28 6.23
 Sulfur 0.13 0.23 0.34 0.39 0.48
1CDS=Corn distillers solubles
216 + 20=16% corn distillers solubles + 20% wet distillers grains plus solubles
3 Supplement fed at 5% diet DM.
4Formulated to supply Rumensin- 90® (Elanco Animal Health) at 30 g/ton.
5Formulated to supply Tylan- 40® (Elanco Animal Health) at 8.8 g/ton.
96 · 2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report
analyze linear and quadratic effects of CDS 
displacing corn. Due to unequal spacing 
between treatments, coefficients were 
determined using the IML function of SAS. 
A pairwise comparison was used to analyze 
the effect of the 16% CDS with 20% WDGS 
diet to that of the 16% CDS diet.
Feeding values for each treatment were 
calculated by dividing percentage change 
in G:F by percentage by- product in each 
respective treatment. Then multiplying that 
value by 100 and adding 100 gives the feed-
ing value of each inclusion of by- product 
compared to the DRC and HMC blend. 
Energy values were calculated for each 
treatment using equations from the NRC 
(1996), on a per pen basis. Energy values 
were analyzed using the MIXED procedure 
of SAS to establish treatment averages.
Results
Increasing concentrations of CDS 
increased ADG (P < 0.01) and decreased 
dry supplement at 5%. Supplements were 
formulated to provide 30 g/ton Rumensin® 
(Elanco Animal Health) and 8.8 g/ton Tylan® 
(Elanco Animal Health). Thiamine was 
added to diets containing CDS, but not to 
the 0% CDS supplement. Urea was added at 
1.40% in the 0% CDS supplement and 1.04% 
in the 8% CDS supplement to ensure rumen 
degradable protein requirement was met.
On day 1, steers were implanted with 
Component- TE 200 (Elanco Animal 
Health). Steers were harvested on day 110 
(heaviest 2 blocks) and day 117 (lightest 
block) at Greater Omaha (Omaha, NE). 
During harvest, HCW were recorded and 
a common (63%) dressing percentage was 
assumed to calculate final BW. Following 
a 48- hr chill, fat thickness, LM area, and 
USDA marbling score were recorded.
Data were analyzed using the MIXED 
procedure of SAS as a generalized random-
ized block design. Pen was the experimental 
unit and BW block was analyzed as a fixed 
effect. Orthogonal contrasts were used to 
where by- product inclusions were held con-
stant, while the corn blend replaced alfalfa 
hay. The average nutrient profile of the CDS 
(Aurora Pacific Ethanol, Aurora, NE and 
Green Plains Ethanol, Wood River, NE) 
utilized in this study contained 29.7% DM, 
30.2% CP, 5.4% fat, and 1.4% S. The average 
nutrient profile of WDGS (Abengoa Ethanol, 
York, NE) was 30.6% DM, 37.9% CP, 14.4% 
fat, and 0.8% S. Incidences of sulfur- induced 
polioencephalomalacia (n=4) were observed 
during the first 60 days of the trial due to 
dietary concentrations of sulfur of 0.50% or 
greater for the 24% CDS diet, as well as the 
16% CDS with 20% WDGS combination 
diet. Steers diagnosed were removed from 
the trial. Alfalfa hay inclusion was increased 
from 7.5% to 10%, the original 24% CDS diet 
was reduced to 20% CDS, 150 mg/steer daily 
of thiamine was added to all diets containing 
CDS, and source of CDS was changed. The 
original source of CDS averaged 1.6% S and 
the second source of CDS averaged 1.1% 
S. All diets included alfalfa hay at 10% and 
Table 2. Effects of CDS (corn distillers solubles) inclusion and CDS in combination with WDGS on performance and carcass characteristics.1
CDS, % Inclusion CDS Effect
WDGS 
Effect
0 8 16 20 16 +202 SEM Lin3 Quad4 P- value
Performance
 Initial BW, lb 960 960 959 958 959 1 0.24 0.49 0.76
 Final BW, lb 1,335c 1,348bc 1,366a 1,362ab 1,368a 5 <0.01 0.40 0.78
 DMI, lb/d 25.1 25.2 25.4 24.6 24.8 0.19 0.28 0.06 0.04
 ADG, lb 3.42b 3.53b 3.70a 3.67a 3.72a 0.05 <0.01 0.47 0.73
 F:G 7.35b 7.14b 6.86a 6.71a 6.66a - <0.01 0.65 0.08
Energy Values
 NEm 1.42d 1.44dc 1.46bc 1.47ab 1.49a 0.01 <0.01 0.93 <0.01
 NEg 0.84d 0.85cd 0.87bc 0.88b 0.90a 0.01 <0.01 0.95 <0.01
Feeding Values5 - 139 146 147 1156 - - - - 
- - - - 1617 - - - - 
Carcass Characteristics
 HCW, lb 841c 849bc 861a 858ab 862a 3 <0.01 0.40 0.78
 LM area, in2 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.2 13.0 0.09 0.11 0.90 0.13
 Fat thickness, in 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.53 0.01 0.05 0.43 0.64
 Marbling score8 454 460 474 469 461 9 0.15 0.79 0.34
 Calculated YG9 3.25 3.31 3.34 3.32 3.42 0.04 0.20 0.45 0.18
1Superscripts represent the main effect of treatment.
216+20=16% CDS + 20% WDGS
3Lin=Linear response to CDS inclusion.
4Quad=Quadratic response to CDS inclusion.
5Feeding value=% change in feed efficiency/% inclusion by- product.
6Feeding value of 16+20 compared to 16.
7Feeding value of 16+20 compared to 0.
8Marbling score: 400=Slight00, 450=Slight50, 500=Small00, etc.
9Calculated as: YG=2.50 + (2.5 * rib fat thickness) + (0.2 * 2.5% KPH) + (0.0038 * HCW)– (0.35 * REA)
2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report · 97 
in the combination diet. Although dietary 
sulfur needs to be monitored, the rela-
tive response to feeding CDS illustrates a 
greater energy content compared to corn 
in finishing diets, despite removal of fat 
from CDS. Even though fat content has 
decreased with “new” CDS, these changes 
do not seem to affect performance of CDS 
in finishing diets.
Benjamin H. Hansen, graduate student
Curtis J. Bittner, research technician
Bradley M. Boyd, research technician
F. Henry Hilscher, research technician
Jim C. MacDonald, associate professor, 
Animal Science, Lincoln
Galen E. Erickson, professor, Animal 
Science, Lincoln
calculated for the WDGS. When comparing 
the combination diet to the 0% CDS diet, 
a 161% feeding value was calculated for the 
two by- products in combination compared 
to the corn blend. Energy values increased 
linearly for NEm and NEg (P < 0.01) as CDS 
concentrations increased and the addition 
of WDGS further increased NEm and NEg 
(P < 0.01).
Feeding CDS at inclusions up to 20% in-
creases ADG and improves F:G, with feed-
ing values up to 147% compared to corn. 
Feeding a combination of CDS and WDGS 
maximized ADG while decreasing DMI, 
resulting in the lowest F:G, with a feeding 
value of 161% compared to corn. Energy 
values increased linearly with increasing 
CDS concentrations and were maximized 
F:G (P < 0.01) linearly. Increased ADG led 
to HCW and final BW to increase linearly 
(P < 0.01). Cattle tended to decrease DMI 
(P = 0.06) as CDS increased with cattle fed 
20% CDS having the lowest DMI, which 
may be related to sulfur or an increase in 
NEg. Addition of WDGS decreased DMI 
(P = 0.04) and tended to improve F:G (P 
= 0.08). Carcass characteristics, except fat 
depth, were not affected by treatment (P 
≥ 0.11). Fat thickness increased linearly (P 
= 0.05) with increasing concentrations of 
CDS (Table 2).
Feeding values were 139, 146, and 
147% for 8, 16, and 20% CDS inclusions, 
respectively. Comparing the combination 
diet (16% CDS with 20% WDGS) to that of 
the 16% CDS diet, a 115% feeding value was 


Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Finishing Steer Performance

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - LincolnDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - LincolnNebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department2018Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on FinishingSteer PerformanceBenjamin H. HansenUniversity of Nebraska - LincolnCurtis J. BittnerUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, curtis.bittner@unl.eduBradley M. Boyd BoydUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, bboyd4@unl.eduF. Henry HilscherUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, henry.hilscher@unl.eduJim C. MacDonaldUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, jmacdonald2@unl.eduSee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcrPart of the Large or Food Animal and Equine Medicine Commons, Meat Science Commons, andthe Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.Hansen, Benjamin H.; Bittner, Curtis J.; Boyd, Bradley M. Boyd; Hilscher, F. Henry; MacDonald, Jim C.; and Erickson, Galen E.,"Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Finishing Steer Performance" (2018). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 983.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/983AuthorsBenjamin H. Hansen, Curtis J. Bittner, Bradley M. Boyd Boyd, F. Henry Hilscher, Jim C. MacDonald, andGalen E. EricksonThis article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/9832018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report · 95 ©  The Board Regents of the University of  Nebraska. All rights reserved.and establish initial BW. Steers were blocked by BW (n=3), stratified within block, and as-signed randomly to pen. Pens were assigned randomly to one of the five treatments with 20 steers/pen and 6 pens/treatment.Treatments consisted of increasing inclusions of CDS 0, 8, 16, and 20% DM dis-placing a dry- rolled corn (DRC) and high- moisture corn blend (HMC) (Table 1). A fifth treatment included 16% CDS with 20% wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) to compare normal industry WDGS inclusions with additional CDS, to the performance of the 16% CDS inclusion alone. Steers were adapted to diets over a 21- d step- up period trial was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of corn distillers solubles compared to corn on performance and carcass character-istics in finishing diets.ProcedureA 114- d finishing study was conduct-ed at the Eastern Nebraska Research and Extension Center feedlot in Mead, NE. Six hundred crossbred steers (initial BW = 957 ± 90 lb.) were utilized. Steers were limit fed a common diet at 2.0% of BW for 5 days and weighed for two consecutive days at the beginning of the trial to account for gut fill Benjamin H. HansenCurtis J. BittnerBradley M. BoydF. Henry HilscherJim C. MacDonaldGalen E. EricksonSummary with ImplicationsA finishing study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding 0, 8, 16, or 20% corn distillers solubles (CDS), as well as the effects of feeding a combination of 16% CDS and 20% wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) to replace a blend of dry- rolled and high- moisture corn on finishing steer perfor-mance. As inclusions of CDS increased, ADG linearly increased and F:G linearly decreased. Feeding value of CDS at 20% inclusion was determined to be 147% compared to the corn blend. The addition of WDGS resulted in a decrease in DMI with similar ADG, resulting in a decrease in F:G. Feeding a combination of CDS and WDGS resulted in a feeding val-ue of 161% compared to corn. Feeding CDS up to 20% or in combination with WDGS displaces corn in finishing diets and improves ADG and F:G.IntroductionRecent changes to ethanol production, involving the extraction of oil, changes the nutrient profile of corn distillers solubles (CDS). Due to the market value of corn oil, 75% of the ethanol plants are centrifuging and marketing corn oil independently. Previous research with CDS, without oil removal, reported a quadratic decrease in F:G when CDS displaced corn in finishing diets (2012 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 64– 65). More recent research involving feeding CDS, with oil extraction, has variable results at inclusions below 10% DM in finishing di-ets. Therefore, CDS after oil extraction may not improve F:G in finishing cattle. Thus, a Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles  on Finishing Steer PerformanceTable 1. Diet composition (DM basis) for varying inclusion of distillers solublesCDS1, % InclusionIngredient 0 8 16 20 16 + 202Dry- rolled corn 68 62 55 52 39High- moisture corn 17 15 14 13 10Corn distillers solubles - 8 16 20 16Wet distillers grains plus solubles - - - - 20Alfalfa hay 10 10 10 10 10Supplement3 - - - - -  Fine Ground Corn 1.169 1.908 2.255 2.603 2.950 Limestone 1.528 1.519 1.518 1.518 1.517 Tallow 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 Urea 1.403 1.040 0.693 0.347 -  Thiamine - 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 Salt 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 Beef Trace Mineral 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 Vitamin A- D- E 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 Rumensin- 90®4 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 Tylan- 40®5 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Nutrient Composition, % of DM CP 13.0 13.7 14.4 14.4 18.4 Fat 4.12 4.16 4.24 4.28 6.23 Sulfur 0.13 0.23 0.34 0.39 0.481CDS=Corn distillers solubles216 + 20=16% corn distillers solubles + 20% wet distillers grains plus solubles3 Supplement fed at 5% diet DM.4Formulated to supply Rumensin- 90® (Elanco Animal Health) at 30 g/ton.5Formulated to supply Tylan- 40® (Elanco Animal Health) at 8.8 g/ton.96 · 2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Reportanalyze linear and quadratic effects of CDS displacing corn. Due to unequal spacing between treatments, coefficients were determined using the IML function of SAS. A pairwise comparison was used to analyze the effect of the 16% CDS with 20% WDGS diet to that of the 16% CDS diet.Feeding values for each treatment were calculated by dividing percentage change in G:F by percentage by- product in each respective treatment. Then multiplying that value by 100 and adding 100 gives the feed-ing value of each inclusion of by- product compared to the DRC and HMC blend. Energy values were calculated for each treatment using equations from the NRC (1996), on a per pen basis. Energy values were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS to establish treatment averages.ResultsIncreasing concentrations of CDS increased ADG (P < 0.01) and decreased dry supplement at 5%. Supplements were formulated to provide 30 g/ton Rumensin® (Elanco Animal Health) and 8.8 g/ton Tylan® (Elanco Animal Health). Thiamine was added to diets containing CDS, but not to the 0% CDS supplement. Urea was added at 1.40% in the 0% CDS supplement and 1.04% in the 8% CDS supplement to ensure rumen degradable protein requirement was met.On day 1, steers were implanted with Component- TE 200 (Elanco Animal Health). Steers were harvested on day 110 (heaviest 2 blocks) and day 117 (lightest block) at Greater Omaha (Omaha, NE). During harvest, HCW were recorded and a common (63%) dressing percentage was assumed to calculate final BW. Following a 48- hr chill, fat thickness, LM area, and USDA marbling score were recorded.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS as a generalized random-ized block design. Pen was the experimental unit and BW block was analyzed as a fixed effect. Orthogonal contrasts were used to where by- product inclusions were held con-stant, while the corn blend replaced alfalfa hay. The average nutrient profile of the CDS (Aurora Pacific Ethanol, Aurora, NE and Green Plains Ethanol, Wood River, NE) utilized in this study contained 29.7% DM, 30.2% CP, 5.4% fat, and 1.4% S. The average nutrient profile of WDGS (Abengoa Ethanol, York, NE) was 30.6% DM, 37.9% CP, 14.4% fat, and 0.8% S. Incidences of sulfur- induced polioencephalomalacia (n=4) were observed during the first 60 days of the trial due to dietary concentrations of sulfur of 0.50% or greater for the 24% CDS diet, as well as the 16% CDS with 20% WDGS combination diet. Steers diagnosed were removed from the trial. Alfalfa hay inclusion was increased from 7.5% to 10%, the original 24% CDS diet was reduced to 20% CDS, 150 mg/steer daily of thiamine was added to all diets containing CDS, and source of CDS was changed. The original source of CDS averaged 1.6% S and the second source of CDS averaged 1.1% S. All diets included alfalfa hay at 10% and Table 2. Effects of CDS (corn distillers solubles) inclusion and CDS in combination with WDGS on performance and carcass characteristics.1CDS, % Inclusion CDS EffectWDGS Effect0 8 16 20 16 +202 SEM Lin3 Quad4 P- valuePerformance Initial BW, lb 960 960 959 958 959 1 0.24 0.49 0.76 Final BW, lb 1,335c 1,348bc 1,366a 1,362ab 1,368a 5 <0.01 0.40 0.78 DMI, lb/d 25.1 25.2 25.4 24.6 24.8 0.19 0.28 0.06 0.04 ADG, lb 3.42b 3.53b 3.70a 3.67a 3.72a 0.05 <0.01 0.47 0.73 F:G 7.35b 7.14b 6.86a 6.71a 6.66a - <0.01 0.65 0.08Energy Values NEm 1.42d 1.44dc 1.46bc 1.47ab 1.49a 0.01 <0.01 0.93 <0.01 NEg 0.84d 0.85cd 0.87bc 0.88b 0.90a 0.01 <0.01 0.95 <0.01Feeding Values5 - 139 146 147 1156 - - - - - - - - 1617 - - - - Carcass Characteristics HCW, lb 841c 849bc 861a 858ab 862a 3 <0.01 0.40 0.78 LM area, in2 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.2 13.0 0.09 0.11 0.90 0.13 Fat thickness, in 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.53 0.01 0.05 0.43 0.64 Marbling score8 454 460 474 469 461 9 0.15 0.79 0.34 Calculated YG9 3.25 3.31 3.34 3.32 3.42 0.04 0.20 0.45 0.181Superscripts represent the main effect of treatment.216+20=16% CDS + 20% WDGS3Lin=Linear response to CDS inclusion.4Quad=Quadratic response to CDS inclusion.5Feeding value=% change in feed efficiency/% inclusion by- product.6Feeding value of 16+20 compared to 16.7Feeding value of 16+20 compared to 0.8Marbling score: 400=Slight00, 450=Slight50, 500=Small00, etc.9Calculated as: YG=2.50 + (2.5 * rib fat thickness) + (0.2 * 2.5% KPH) + (0.0038 * HCW)– (0.35 * REA)2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report · 97 in the combination diet. Although dietary sulfur needs to be monitored, the rela-tive response to feeding CDS illustrates a greater energy content compared to corn in finishing diets, despite removal of fat from CDS. Even though fat content has decreased with “new” CDS, these changes do not seem to affect performance of CDS in finishing diets.Benjamin H. Hansen, graduate studentCurtis J. Bittner, research technicianBradley M. Boyd, research technicianF. Henry Hilscher, research technicianJim C. MacDonald, associate professor, Animal Science, LincolnGalen E. Erickson, professor, Animal Science, Lincolncalculated for the WDGS. When comparing the combination diet to the 0% CDS diet, a 161% feeding value was calculated for the two by- products in combination compared to the corn blend. Energy values increased linearly for NEm and NEg (P < 0.01) as CDS concentrations increased and the addition of WDGS further increased NEm and NEg (P < 0.01).Feeding CDS at inclusions up to 20% in-creases ADG and improves F:G, with feed-ing values up to 147% compared to corn. Feeding a combination of CDS and WDGS maximized ADG while decreasing DMI, resulting in the lowest F:G, with a feeding value of 161% compared to corn. Energy values increased linearly with increasing CDS concentrations and were maximized F:G (P < 0.01) linearly. Increased ADG led to HCW and final BW to increase linearly (P < 0.01). Cattle tended to decrease DMI (P = 0.06) as CDS increased with cattle fed 20% CDS having the lowest DMI, which may be related to sulfur or an increase in NEg. Addition of WDGS decreased DMI (P = 0.04) and tended to improve F:G (P = 0.08). Carcass characteristics, except fat depth, were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.11). Fat thickness increased linearly (P = 0.05) with increasing concentrations of CDS (Table 2).Feeding values were 139, 146, and 147% for 8, 16, and 20% CDS inclusions, respectively. Comparing the combination diet (16% CDS with 20% WDGS) to that of the 16% CDS diet, a 115% feeding value was 

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Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Finishing Steer Performance

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