Feeding dried poultry waste is an effective means of supplementing dry-rolled corn finishing diets by providing a portion of the dietary degradable protein and minerals necessary to meet animal requirements

Downs, Dale

Herold, Daniel

Klemesrud, Mark

Klopfenstein, Terry J.

English

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department January 1997 Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on Performance of Finishing Yearling Steers Daniel Herold University of Nebraska-Lincoln Dale Downs University of Nebraska-Lincoln Terry J. Klopfenstein University of Nebraska-Lincoln, tklopfenstein1@unl.edu Mark Klemesrud University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr  Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Herold, Daniel; Downs, Dale; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; and Klemesrud, Mark, "Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on Performance of Finishing Yearling Steers" (1997). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 433. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/433 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Results Steers responded to rumen-protected lysine during the first 56 days on feed (Table 2). However. gains, intakes. and feed conversions were equal for the control and the methionine supple- mented cattle. suggesting that the re- sponse was due  t o  lysine, not  methionine. Gains, intakes and feed conversions were all improved in a quadratic manner (P < . lo). Gains were maximized at the three and four grain supplementation level. Steers supple- mented with three grains of lysine had an increased gain above the control of .63 Ib per day, or an improvement of 13.7 percent. Higher levels of lysine supplementation were less effective at improving gain and feed efficiency. suggesting a true quadratic response. Non-linear analysis comparing gain to supplemental lysine intake predicted a supplemental lysine requirement of 2.9 glday to achieve amaxiinum gain of 5.1 Ib. During no periods following the first 56 days did lysine supplementation improve animal performance. However, for the entire trial, lysine supplementa- tion quadratically improved gain (P < . lo)  over the control (Table 3). Cattle supplemented with three and four grams of lysine gained 37 Ib more than the controls during the first 56 days. By the end ofthe trial, these steers had a weight advantage of 68 Ib or a ten percent improvement in gain compared to the controls. Any weight advantage ob- tained during the first 56 days was more than maintained throughout the feeding period. Carcass characteristics were similar (P > .3) for treatments. The NRC model predicted a daily metabolizable protein flow of 1045 g for steers consuming the control diet and gaining 5.1 Ib. the maximum gain determined using non-linear analysis. Based on an aboinasal lysine content of 5.30% (Table 4). our predicted lysine flow for the control diet was 55.4 g. Three g of supplemental lysine would increase the lysine flow to 58.4 g which is similar to  the NRC calculated requirement of 60.3 g. A lysine flow of 58.4 g would correspond to 5.58 per- cent oftheinetabolizableprotein. While the predicted flow of lysine, methion- ine. and arginine was less than their calculated requirement (Table 4). a re- sponse to lysine would suggest lysine to be first limiting, and the animals re- quirement for the other amino acids to be met. Feedlot diets containing high levels of WCGF and high moisture corn may be deficient in metabolizable lysine. Supplementingrumen escape lysine can improve perfoimance of feedlot cattle, especially early in the feeding period. Our predicted metabolizable lysine re- quirement for steer calves gaining 5.1 Iblday would be 58.4 glday or 5.58 percent of the metabolizable protein requirement. MarkKlemesrud. research technician: Terry IClopfenstein. Austin Lenis. Professors: Rick Stock. former Professor. Animal Science. Lincoln. Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on Performance of Finishing Yearling Steers Daniel Herold Dale Downs Terry Klopfenstein Mark Klemesrud' Feeding dried poultry waste is an effective means of supplement- ing dry-rolled corn finishing diets by providing a portion of the di- etary degradable protein and min- erals necessary to meet animal requirements. Summary Two t/*ruls evalziated drled poultg~ 11 a t e  (DPW) as u 5ource of rztn7en degrudubleprotezn for finzshzng steer5 117 Trzal 1, dzet~ ~ e r e  sztpplen7ented 11 zth DP W or ztrea to provzde eqzlal an7ounts ofdegrudubleprotern In Trrul 2, dretar), DP W znclztsron 11 us b a ~ e d  on zts nzrneral content rat/7er thun z t~  de- gruduble protezn contrzbzttron 117 both trral~, /7zg/7 levels of dreturql DP W dr- n7znzshed ADG and feed effzcrencj, HOM eIqel; an~n~ulperjornzunce obtulned 1.1 lth 1011 er levels of DP W dld not dlffer Ponz zireu or cont/*ol treatn7ents Re- 5 zllts zndrcate DP Wr5 un effectrve n7euns of sztpple~~zentrng both runzen degrud- able protern und nzrnerals zn fin15 hrng drets Introduction Dry-rolled corn finishing diets can be deficient in ruminally degradable (Continued on next page) Page 67 - 1997 Nebruska Beef Report intake protein (DIP). limiting synthesis and growth of ruinen bacteria. and di- minishing both carbohydrate fermenta- tion and microbial protein flow to the small intestine. Although the protein in corn is known to be extensively di- gested in the total digestive tract. ap- proximately 60 percent of the CP in dry-rolled corn escapes iuminal degra- dation in finishing diets. These diets should be supplemented with a source ofruininally available nitrogen. thereby enhancing microbial activity, DM di- gestibility, and consequently, animal performance. Supplementation of finishing diets with DIP can be achieved with non- protein nitrogen.  Urea provides ruminally available ammonia for mi- crobial protein synthesis, and consti- tutes an economical alternative to sources of natural protein. Dried poul- try waste (DPW) contains uric acid which can serve as a source of ammonia in a manner similar to urea. Although DPW (4.5%N) is lower in CP than urea (46% N), research indicates that it is a viable alternative tourea for DIP supple- mentation (1996 Nebraska Beef Re- poi-t. pp. 3 1-33). The objectives of this research were to evaluate DPW as a source of DIP and minerals for finishing cattle. and assess how dietaiy levels of DPW influence dry matter intake and performance. Procedure Trial 1 One hundred sixty yearlin, steers (725 Ib) were used to evaluate DPW as a source of DIP relative to urea in a 155- day finishing trial. Cattle were adapted to grain in 2 1 days using common adap- tation diets containing 7.2% of the DM as DPW. Adaptation diets contained 45, 35. 25. and 15% roughage (DM basis) and were fed for 3, 4. 7. and 7 days, respectively. Following the grain adaptation period, steers were blocked by weight and assigned randomly to one of five treatments in a 2 x 2 plus 1 factorial treatment arrangement. Four pens were used for each treatment. each containing eight steers. Dietary DIP levels varied with additions of urea or DPW to a control diet that contained no supplemental DIP. Treatments consisted of: 1) Control 3.7% DIP, 2) Urea 6.5% Table 1. Composition of diets fed in Trials 1 and 2 (% D\I basis). DIP. 3) Urea 7.8% DIP. 4) DPW 6.5% DIP. and 5) DPW 7.8% DIP. The DIP requireinent was estimated to be about 6.8 percent of diet diy matter. The 6.5 percent level was designed to be below the requirement and the 7.8 percent level was designed to be somewhat in excess of the requireinent. Diet DM consisted of 7.5 percent roughage (50% alfalfa hay, 50% corn silage), and 65 to 75 percent diy-rolled corn depending on DPW inclusion (Table 1). All diets contained 25 glton Ruinensin, 10 glton Tylan, supplemen- tal vitamins A, D. and E. and trace minerals. Dietaiy CP ranged fi-om 8.0 percent (control) to 12.0 percent (7.8% DIP treatments). Control and urea diets were balanced to provide a minimum of .7% Ca, 2 5 %  P. and .7% K. To provide an equal level of supplemental DIP. these mineral levels were exceeded in both the DPW, 6.5% DIP (1.1% Ca, .5% P. .75% K) and DPW, 7.8% DIP (1.5% Ca. .5% P, .85% K) treatments. Trial 2 One hundred eighty yearlin, steers (758 Ib) were used in this 115-day fin- Treatment Trial 1 Trial 2 Urea llrea DPKa DPM.' DPMl DPMl Control 6.5%  DIP^ 7.8% DIP 6.5% DIP 7.8% DIP 0% DPMl 3.5% of DM 7% of DM Dr) -rolled corn Corn sllage Alfalfa ha) Alfalfa ha) lage Molasses DPM a llrea M. heat mlddllngs L~mestone P o t a s s ~ ~ ~ m  chloride Dlcalclum phosphate Salt Tallou SupplelnentC "Dr~ed poultr) uaste 30% CP 9 6% Ca 2 3% P 2 5% I< and 63% Na bRum~nall! degradable Intake protell1 CConta~ned I Itamlns trace minerals Rumensln 80 and T) Ian blended \ \ ~ t h  finel) ground corn (Tr~al 1) or pelleted \I ~ t h  \I heat mlddllngs (Trlal 2)  1997 Nebrasku Beef Report - Page 68 Table 2. Effect of dried poultr? waste and urea supplementation on performance of finishing steers. Item Treatment Trial 1 Trial 2 Urea llrea DPMla DPM.' DPMl DPMl Control 6.5%  DIP^ 7.8% DIP 6.5% DIP 7.8% DIP 0% DPMl 3.5% of DM 7% of DM Intalte (DM) 25 1 0  25 22 25 73 2 1  86 2 1  81 28 57' 28 56' 27 13d ADG 3 5yCd 3 72'* 3 80C 3 57* 3 32e 1 1 O c  1 3 3 '  1 0 2 ~  Feed/nalni 7 07C 6 7Sc 6 77C 6 Y6C 7 17d 6 1Yc 6 5YCd 6 82d "Dr~ed p o ~ ~ l t r )  \I aste b ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ n a l l !  degradable ~n take  protell1 eMeans T\ it11 unlike superscript n ithin a t r~a l  and ron d ~ l l e r  (P < 10) iAnal)zed as galn to feed the rec~procal of teed to galn ishing trial. Steers were blocked by weight and assigned randomly, within block. to treatments consisting of 0. 3.5. or 7% DPW (% of diet DM). Six pens provided the mean for each treat- ment with ten animals per pen. Animals were adapted to grain by the same means used in Trial 1 ,  with the exception that DPW was not included in the adapta- tion diets. Diets contained (DM basis) 73% dry-rolled corn, 10% alfalfa haylage. and 10% pelleted supplement containing the DPW (Table 1). Wheat middlings were replaced by DPW in the supplement to obtain the desired di- etary levels. Diets were balanced to provide 6.9% DIP (12.0% CP), .7% Ca, .35% P, and .7% K, based on contribu- tions fi-oin DPW. Urea. limestone. salt. and trace minerals were replaced by nutrients in DPW as dietaiy levels in- creased fi-om 0 to 3.5 and 7 percent. In Trial 2. DPW inclusion was based on meeting requirements for both DIP and minerals without contributing exces- sive ash. Therefore, lower dietary DPW levels were used than in Trial I .  wherein DPW was incorporated to obtain a spe- cific DIP level and provided an excess of Ca, P, and I<. In both Trials 1 and 2, steers were implanted initially with Revalor. Initial weights were the average of two weights obtained on consecutive days before feeding. Final weights were based on hot carcass weights divided by a common 62% dressing percentage. Liver abscess scores and hot carcass weights were talten at slaughter, whereas fat thicltnesses at the 12th rib, quality grades. and yield grades were recorded following a 48-hour chill. Results In Trial 1. diy matter intake was not significantly different amon, treat- ments. However. sorting of the DPW was apparent at the 7.8 percent level of DIP indicating lower diet palatability at high inclusion rates. Cattle assigned to the DPW 7.8 percent DIP treatment exhibited lower ADG ( P  < . lo)  than those consuming the other four diets (Table 2). However. steers fed the DPW 6.5 percent DIP diet gained similarly to steers fed urea at the same level of DIP. Feed efficiency exhibited by the DPW 7.8 percent DIP treatment was signifi- cantly lower than both the control diet and other treatments containing supple- mental DIP. The diminished feed efficiency and ADG associated with the DPW 7.8 per- cent DIP diet may have resulted from the high level of dietaiy minerals, espe- cially Ca. contributed by the amount of DPW necessary to reach this level of DIP. Dried poultiy waste comprised 14 percent of the diet DM in this treatment, substantially lowering the concentra- tion of dry-rolled corn. Depressed per- formance may have been due to lower diet NEW rather than an inability of DPW tosufficiently provide DIP. In Trial 2, both ADG and dry matter intalte were lower when DPW made up 7 percent of the diet DM (Table 2). However, the 3.5 percent DPW treat- ment was not different than the urea control for either measure (P  > . lo) .  Feed efficiency was lower at the 7 per- cent DPW level relative to the control. although the urea control did not differ froin the 3.5 percent DPW treatment. Supplements containing DPW were pelleted in this trial to reduce the ten- dency for sorting that was exhibited in Trial 1. However, oi-ts collected from pens assigned to the 7 percent DPW treatment appeared to have a higher proportion of pellets than was present in the initial diet. Because the pellets were the primary source of dietary DIP. performance of cattle receiving the 7 percent DPW treatment may have been limited by the actual amount of DIP consumed. Measures of carcass quality, yield, fat depth. and liver abscesses were not negatively influenced by DPW in either of the two trials. These studies indicate that DPW can be an effective source of both rumi- nally degraded protein and minerals when included at low levels in dry- rolled corn finishing diets. Supple- menting high concentrate diets with DPW to enhance ruininal ammonia concentration may also eliminate the need for some macro-mineral supple- mentation. When fed at excessive levels, DPW may cause a nutrient imbalance by replacing energy with minerals, diminishing performance and decreasing palatability. 'Dan~el Herold and Mark lilemesrud research t ech~ l i c~a~ l s  Dale Dorms graduate student Te rn  Klopfenste~n Professor An~~llalScience.Lincol~l Page 69 - 1997 Nebruska Beef Report 

Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on Performance of Finishing Yearling Steers

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department 
January 1997 
Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on Performance of Finishing 
Yearling Steers 
Daniel Herold 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
Dale Downs 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
Terry J. Klopfenstein 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, tklopfenstein1@unl.edu 
Mark Klemesrud 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr 
 Part of the Animal Sciences Commons 
Herold, Daniel; Downs, Dale; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; and Klemesrud, Mark, "Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on 
Performance of Finishing Yearling Steers" (1997). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 433. 
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/433 
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle 
Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 
Results 
Steers responded to rumen-protected 
lysine during the first 56 days on feed 
(Table 2). However. gains, intakes. and 
feed conversions were equal for the 
control and the methionine supple- 
mented cattle. suggesting that the re- 
sponse was due  t o  lysine, not  
methionine. Gains, intakes and feed 
conversions were all improved in a 
quadratic manner (P < . lo). Gains were 
maximized at the three and four grain 
supplementation level. Steers supple- 
mented with three grains of lysine had 
an increased gain above the control of 
.63 Ib per day, or an improvement of 
13.7 percent. Higher levels of lysine 
supplementation were less effective at 
improving gain and feed efficiency. 
suggesting a true quadratic response. 
Non-linear analysis comparing gain to 
supplemental lysine intake predicted a 
supplemental lysine requirement of 
2.9 glday to achieve amaxiinum gain of 
5.1 Ib. 
During no periods following the first 
56 days did lysine supplementation 
improve animal performance. However, 
for the entire trial, lysine supplementa- 
tion quadratically improved gain (P < 
. lo)  over the control (Table 3). Cattle 
supplemented with three and four grams 
of lysine gained 37 Ib more than the 
controls during the first 56 days. By the 
end ofthe trial, these steers had a weight 
advantage of 68 Ib or a ten percent 
improvement in gain compared to the 
controls. Any weight advantage ob- 
tained during the first 56 days was more 
than maintained throughout the feeding 
period. Carcass characteristics were 
similar (P > .3) for treatments. 
The NRC model predicted a daily 
metabolizable protein flow of 1045 g 
for steers consuming the control diet 
and gaining 5.1 Ib. the maximum gain 
determined using non-linear analysis. 
Based on an aboinasal lysine content of 
5.30% (Table 4). our predicted lysine 
flow for the control diet was 55.4 g. 
Three g of supplemental lysine would 
increase the lysine flow to 58.4 g which 
is similar to  the NRC calculated 
requirement of 60.3 g. A lysine flow of 
58.4 g would correspond to 5.58 per- 
cent oftheinetabolizableprotein. While 
the predicted flow of lysine, methion- 
ine. and arginine was less than their 
calculated requirement (Table 4). a re- 
sponse to lysine would suggest lysine to 
be first limiting, and the animals re- 
quirement for the other amino acids to 
be met. 
Feedlot diets containing high levels 
of WCGF and high moisture corn may 
be deficient in metabolizable lysine. 
Supplementingrumen escape lysine can 
improve perfoimance of feedlot cattle, 
especially early in the feeding period. 
Our predicted metabolizable lysine re- 
quirement for steer calves gaining 5.1 
Iblday would be 58.4 glday or 5.58 
percent of the metabolizable protein 
requirement. 
MarkKlemesrud. research technician: Terry 
IClopfenstein. Austin Lenis. Professors: Rick Stock. 
former Professor. Animal Science. Lincoln. 
Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on Performance of 
Finishing Yearling Steers 
Daniel Herold 
Dale Downs 
Terry Klopfenstein 
Mark Klemesrud' 
Feeding dried poultry waste is 
an effective means of supplement- 
ing dry-rolled corn finishing diets 
by providing a portion of the di- 
etary degradable protein and min- 
erals necessary to meet animal 
requirements. 
Summary 
Two t/*ruls evalziated drled poultg~ 
11 a t e  (DPW) as u 5ource of rztn7en 
degrudubleprotezn for finzshzng steer5 
117 Trzal 1, dzet~ ~ e r e  sztpplen7ented 
11 zth DP W or ztrea to provzde eqzlal 
an7ounts ofdegrudubleprotern In Trrul 
2, dretar), DP W znclztsron 11 us b a ~ e d  on 
zts nzrneral content rat/7er thun z t~  de- 
gruduble protezn contrzbzttron 117 both 
trral~, /7zg/7 levels of dreturql DP W dr- 
n7znzshed ADG and feed effzcrencj, 
HOM eIqel; an~n~ulperjornzunce obtulned 
1.1 lth 1011 er levels of DP W dld not dlffer 
Ponz zireu or cont/*ol treatn7ents Re- 
5 zllts zndrcate DP Wr5 un effectrve n7euns 
of sztpple~~zentrng both runzen degrud- 
able protern und nzrnerals zn fin15 hrng 
drets 
Introduction 
Dry-rolled corn finishing diets can 
be deficient in ruminally degradable 
(Continued on next page) 
Page 67 - 1997 Nebruska Beef Report 
intake protein (DIP). limiting synthesis 
and growth of ruinen bacteria. and di- 
minishing both carbohydrate fermenta- 
tion and microbial protein flow to the 
small intestine. Although the protein in 
corn is known to be extensively di- 
gested in the total digestive tract. ap- 
proximately 60 percent of the CP in 
dry-rolled corn escapes iuminal degra- 
dation in finishing diets. These diets 
should be supplemented with a source 
ofruininally available nitrogen. thereby 
enhancing microbial activity, DM di- 
gestibility, and consequently, animal 
performance. 
Supplementation of finishing diets 
with DIP can be achieved with non- 
protein nitrogen.  Urea provides 
ruminally available ammonia for mi- 
crobial protein synthesis, and consti- 
tutes an economical alternative to 
sources of natural protein. Dried poul- 
try waste (DPW) contains uric acid 
which can serve as a source of ammonia 
in a manner similar to urea. Although 
DPW (4.5%N) is lower in CP than urea 
(46% N), research indicates that it is a 
viable alternative tourea for DIP supple- 
mentation (1996 Nebraska Beef Re- 
poi-t. pp. 3 1-33). 
The objectives of this research were 
to evaluate DPW as a source of DIP and 
minerals for finishing cattle. and assess 
how dietaiy levels of DPW influence 
dry matter intake and performance. 
Procedure 
Trial 1 
One hundred sixty yearlin, steers 
(725 Ib) were used to evaluate DPW as 
a source of DIP relative to urea in a 155- 
day finishing trial. Cattle were adapted 
to grain in 2 1 days using common adap- 
tation diets containing 7.2% of the DM 
as DPW. Adaptation diets contained 
45, 35. 25. and 15% roughage (DM 
basis) and were fed for 3, 4. 7. and 7 
days, respectively. Following the grain 
adaptation period, steers were blocked 
by weight and assigned randomly to 
one of five treatments in a 2 x 2 plus 1 
factorial treatment arrangement. Four 
pens were used for each treatment. each 
containing eight steers. Dietary DIP 
levels varied with additions of urea or 
DPW to a control diet that contained no 
supplemental DIP. Treatments consisted 
of: 1) Control 3.7% DIP, 2) Urea 6.5% 
Table 1. Composition of diets fed in Trials 1 and 2 (% D\I basis). 
DIP. 3) Urea 7.8% DIP. 4) DPW 6.5% 
DIP. and 5) DPW 7.8% DIP. The DIP 
requireinent was estimated to be about 
6.8 percent of diet diy matter. The 6.5 
percent level was designed to be below 
the requirement and the 7.8 percent 
level was designed to be somewhat in 
excess of the requireinent. 
Diet DM consisted of 7.5 percent 
roughage (50% alfalfa hay, 50% corn 
silage), and 65 to 75 percent diy-rolled 
corn depending on DPW inclusion 
(Table 1). All diets contained 25 glton 
Ruinensin, 10 glton Tylan, supplemen- 
tal vitamins A, D. and E. and trace 
minerals. Dietaiy CP ranged fi-om 8.0 
percent (control) to 12.0 percent (7.8% 
DIP treatments). Control and urea diets 
were balanced to provide a minimum of 
.7% Ca, 2 5 %  P. and .7% K. To provide 
an equal level of supplemental DIP. 
these mineral levels were exceeded in 
both the DPW, 6.5% DIP (1.1% Ca, 
.5% P. .75% K) and DPW, 7.8% DIP 
(1.5% Ca. .5% P, .85% K) treatments. 
Trial 2 
One hundred eighty yearlin, steers 
(758 Ib) were used in this 115-day fin- 
Treatment 
Trial 1 Trial 2 
Urea llrea DPKa DPM.' DPMl DPMl 
Control 6.5%  DIP^ 7.8% DIP 6.5% DIP 7.8% DIP 0% DPMl 3.5% of DM 7% of DM 
Dr) -rolled corn 
Corn sllage 
Alfalfa ha) 
Alfalfa ha) lage 
Molasses 
DPM a 
llrea 
M. heat mlddllngs 
L~mestone 
P o t a s s ~ ~ ~ m  chloride 
Dlcalclum phosphate 
Salt 
Tallou 
SupplelnentC 
"Dr~ed poultr) uaste 30% CP 9 6% Ca 2 3% P 2 5% I< and 63% Na 
bRum~nall! degradable Intake protell1 
CConta~ned I Itamlns trace minerals Rumensln 80 and T) Ian blended \ \ ~ t h  finel) ground corn (Tr~al 1) or pelleted \I ~ t h  \I heat mlddllngs (Trlal 2)  
1997 Nebrasku Beef Report - Page 68 
Table 2. Effect of dried poultr? waste and urea supplementation on performance of finishing steers. 
Item 
Treatment 
Trial 1 Trial 2 
Urea llrea DPMla DPM.' DPMl DPMl 
Control 6.5%  DIP^ 7.8% DIP 6.5% DIP 7.8% DIP 0% DPMl 3.5% of DM 7% of DM 
Intalte (DM) 25 1 0  25 22 25 73 2 1  86 2 1  81 28 57' 28 56' 27 13d 
ADG 3 5yCd 3 72'* 3 80C 3 57* 3 32e 1 1 O c  1 3 3 '  1 0 2 ~  
Feed/nalni 7 07C 6 7Sc 6 77C 6 Y6C 7 17d 6 1Yc 6 5YCd 6 82d 
"Dr~ed p o ~ ~ l t r )  \I aste 
b ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ n a l l !  degradable ~n take  protell1 
eMeans T\ it11 unlike superscript n ithin a t r~a l  and ron d ~ l l e r  (P < 10) 
iAnal)zed as galn to feed the rec~procal of teed to galn 
ishing trial. Steers were blocked by 
weight and assigned randomly, within 
block. to treatments consisting of 0. 
3.5. or 7% DPW (% of diet DM). Six 
pens provided the mean for each treat- 
ment with ten animals per pen. Animals 
were adapted to grain by the same means 
used in Trial 1 ,  with the exception that 
DPW was not included in the adapta- 
tion diets. Diets contained (DM basis) 
73% dry-rolled corn, 10% alfalfa 
haylage. and 10% pelleted supplement 
containing the DPW (Table 1). Wheat 
middlings were replaced by DPW in the 
supplement to obtain the desired di- 
etary levels. Diets were balanced to 
provide 6.9% DIP (12.0% CP), .7% Ca, 
.35% P, and .7% K, based on contribu- 
tions fi-oin DPW. Urea. limestone. salt. 
and trace minerals were replaced by 
nutrients in DPW as dietaiy levels in- 
creased fi-om 0 to 3.5 and 7 percent. In 
Trial 2. DPW inclusion was based on 
meeting requirements for both DIP and 
minerals without contributing exces- 
sive ash. Therefore, lower dietary DPW 
levels were used than in Trial I .  wherein 
DPW was incorporated to obtain a spe- 
cific DIP level and provided an excess 
of Ca, P, and I<. 
In both Trials 1 and 2, steers 
were implanted initially with Revalor. 
Initial weights were the average of two 
weights obtained on consecutive days 
before feeding. Final weights were based 
on hot carcass weights divided by a 
common 62% dressing percentage. 
Liver abscess scores and hot carcass 
weights were talten at slaughter, whereas 
fat thicltnesses at the 12th rib, quality 
grades. and yield grades were recorded 
following a 48-hour chill. 
Results 
In Trial 1. diy matter intake was not 
significantly different amon, treat- 
ments. However. sorting of the DPW 
was apparent at the 7.8 percent level of 
DIP indicating lower diet palatability at 
high inclusion rates. Cattle assigned to 
the DPW 7.8 percent DIP treatment 
exhibited lower ADG ( P  < . lo)  than 
those consuming the other four diets 
(Table 2). However. steers fed the DPW 
6.5 percent DIP diet gained similarly to 
steers fed urea at the same level of DIP. 
Feed efficiency exhibited by the DPW 
7.8 percent DIP treatment was signifi- 
cantly lower than both the control diet 
and other treatments containing supple- 
mental DIP. 
The diminished feed efficiency and 
ADG associated with the DPW 7.8 per- 
cent DIP diet may have resulted from 
the high level of dietaiy minerals, espe- 
cially Ca. contributed by the amount of 
DPW necessary to reach this level of 
DIP. Dried poultiy waste comprised 14 
percent of the diet DM in this treatment, 
substantially lowering the concentra- 
tion of dry-rolled corn. Depressed per- 
formance may have been due to lower 
diet NEW rather than an inability of 
DPW tosufficiently provide DIP. 
In Trial 2, both ADG and dry matter 
intalte were lower when DPW made up 
7 percent of the diet DM (Table 2). 
However, the 3.5 percent DPW treat- 
ment was not different than the urea 
control for either measure (P  > . lo) .  
Feed efficiency was lower at the 7 per- 
cent DPW level relative to the control. 
although the urea control did not differ 
froin the 3.5 percent DPW treatment. 
Supplements containing DPW were 
pelleted in this trial to reduce the ten- 
dency for sorting that was exhibited in 
Trial 1. However, oi-ts collected from 
pens assigned to the 7 percent DPW 
treatment appeared to have a higher 
proportion of pellets than was present 
in the initial diet. Because the pellets 
were the primary source of dietary 
DIP. performance of cattle receiving 
the 7 percent DPW treatment may 
have been limited by the actual amount 
of DIP consumed. 
Measures of carcass quality, yield, 
fat depth. and liver abscesses were 
not negatively influenced by DPW in 
either of the two trials. 
These studies indicate that DPW 
can be an effective source of both rumi- 
nally degraded protein and minerals 
when included at low levels in dry- 
rolled corn finishing diets. Supple- 
menting high concentrate diets with 
DPW to enhance ruininal ammonia 
concentration may also eliminate the 
need for some macro-mineral supple- 
mentation. When fed at excessive 
levels, DPW may cause a nutrient 
imbalance by replacing energy with 
minerals, diminishing performance 
and decreasing palatability. 
'Dan~el Herold and Mark lilemesrud research 
t ech~ l i c~a~ l s  Dale Dorms graduate student Te rn  
Klopfenste~n Professor An~~llalScience.Lincol~l 
Page 69 - 1997 Nebruska Beef Report 


https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1432&amp;context=animalscinbcr

Effect of Dried Poultry Waste on Performance of Finishing Yearling Steers

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