Currently there are no published accounts of the specific diets of mink (Mustela vison) in Nebraska. Herein, we present findings of an historic data set on the winter diets of mink in Nebraska. Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mink were collected by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission during the 1946-1947 fur trapping season. The contents of the GI tracts were identified as specifically as possible and percentage of occurrence and percentage of total volume was calculated for each prey item. Mammals and bony fish were the most encountered items. Among mammals, rabbits and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) were the most frequently consumed species. The presence of rabbits as a major food source is interesting given that most published reports suggest that rabbits are only opportunistically preyed upon by mink. Other commonly consumed taxa include crayfish and frogs. Our report is consistent with other published accounts in that mink prey on a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa

Genoways, Hugh H.

Hoffman, Justin D.

Wilson, Sam

English

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum Museum, University of Nebraska State 2009 Historical winter diets of mink (Mustela vison) in Nebraska Justin D. Hoffman McNeese State University, jhoffman@mcneese.edu Sam Wilson Nebraska Game and Parks Commission Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska-Lincoln, h.h.genoways@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy  Part of the Zoology Commons Hoffman, Justin D.; Wilson, Sam; and Genoways, Hugh H., "Historical winter diets of mink (Mustela vison) in Nebraska" (2009). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 128. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/128 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Historical winter diets of mink (Mustela vison) in NebraskaJUSTIN D. HOFFMAN1, HUGH H. GENOWAYS2, AND SAM WILSON31. Department of Biological Sciences, McNeese State University, Lake Charles,    Louisiana - Corresponding author: jhoffman@mcneese.edu2. School of Natural Resources and University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln,    Nebraska.3. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska.TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSASACADEMY OF SCIENCEVol. 112, no. 1/2p.119-122(2009)INTRODUCTIONMink are opportunistic carnivores that feedon a wide variety of prey items (Larivière1999). Because of this, it is expected thatmink diets will vary geographically in responseto local and regional conditions. Severalstudies on mink diets have taken place in thePrairie Pothole Region of North Dakota andCanada, where mink prey extensively on thelarge populations of breeding waterfowl thatoccur there during the spring and summer(Cowan and Reilly 1973, Eberhardt 1973,Sargeant et al. 1973, Arnold and Fritzell 1987,1989). Research on mink diets in geographiclocations where there are few breedingwaterfowl show great amounts of variation infood items (Hamilton 1936, Errington 1943,Sealander 1943, Wilson 1954, Korschgen1958). Currently there have been no publishedreports on the specific diets of mink inNebraska. This type of information is importantbecause wildlife biologists rely on it formaking sound management recommendations.The objectives of this study are to report on anhistorical data set of the winter food habits ofmink in Nebraska.METHODOLOGYMink tend to disperse throughout the landscapemaking collection of population data difficult.A valuable yet underutilized source ofinformation on mink includes those individualstaken by fur harvesters. Fur harvesters presentan ideal opportunity for biologists to employthe assistance of the public in gatheringvaluable natural history data on an importantgroup of mammals. During the 1946 - 1947trapping season (November 1946 - January 1947)mink trappers were asked by the NebraskaGame and Parks Commission to submit samplesof mink gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Those whoagreed were sent a gallon jar, with preservative,tags, and sack cloth to preserve the samples.Although the type of preservative was notCurrently there are no published accounts of the specific diets of mink (Mustela vison)in Nebraska.  Herein, we present findings of an historic data set on the winter diets ofmink in Nebraska.  Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mink were collected by the NebraskaGame and Parks Commission during the 1946-1947 fur trapping season.  The contentsof the GI tracts were identified as specifically as possible and percentage of occurrenceand percentage of total volume was calculated for each prey item.  Mammals and bonyfish were the most encountered items.  Among mammals, rabbits and muskrats (Ondatrazibethicus) were the most frequently consumed species.  The presence of rabbits as amajor food source is interesting given that most published reports suggest that rabbitsare only opportunistically preyed upon by mink. Other commonly consumed taxa includecrayfish and frogs.  Our report is consistent with other published accounts in that minkprey on a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa.Keywords:  Mustela vison, muskrats, Nebraska, rabbits, winter diet120                                                                                             Hoffman, Genoways and Wilsonspecified in the initial report, we suspect thatit was a 10% formaldehyde solution, whichwas a common preservative at that time(Korschgen 1958). A total of 269 minkstomachs and intestines were collected fromlocal trappers (George Schildman, NebraskaGame and Parks Commission, unpubl. data).We assumed that the samples were identifiedshortly after collection using all availableanimal material (bones, hair, feathers), similarto Korschgen (1958); however, this was notmade clear in the initial report. Also, therewas no discussion of the methods used toseparate, dry, and identify the food remainstaken from the GI tracts. Most samples weretaken from central and eastern Nebraska,primarily east of 100o longitude. Thirteen ofthe 269 mink were trapped from a lake orpond, whereas the remainders were takenfrom river or stream habitats. Mammals andbirds were identified as specifically as possible;however, there appears to have been no attemptto identify any of the other major groupsbeyond a general classification (Table 1). Thepercent occurrence and percent of total stomachvolume were calculated for each prey item.Percent occurrence represents the relativenumber of times a prey item was found for thetotal number of GI tracts that possessed preyremains. The volume of each prey item wasestimated and recorded as the percent volumeof all stomachs that possessed food items.RESULTSFood remains were identified in 166 (134stomach and 32 intestine) of 269 GI tracts(Table 1). Of all major groups identified,mammals, and bony fish were the mostfrequently found items. Among mammals,rabbits and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)were the most frequently consumed species,comprising 10.2% and 9.0% of the 166 GItracts, and making up 8.4% and 7.1% of thetotal volume, respectively. We assumed easterncottontails (Sylivilagus floridanus) constitutedthe majority of rabbit prey because most minkwere trapped in the central and eastern portionsof the state, which falls almost entirely withinthe range of the eastern cottontail, as well as,outside the range of the other cottontail species,the desert cottontail (Sylivilagus audubonii),in Nebraska (Jones et al. 1983). The presenceof rabbits as a common food item for mink isa bit surprising. Most studies indicate thatrabbits are only opportunistically preyed uponby mink (Cowan and Reilly 1973, Arnold andFritzell 1987, Larivière 1999), although someexceptions exist (Korschgen 1958). Voles(Microtus spp.) occurred in only 4.2% of the166 GI tracts, but made up 7.1% of the totalvolume. Bony fish prey made up 21.1% of the166 GI tracts and 18% of the total volume.Frogs and crayfish occurred commonly,comprising 10.4% and 5.5% of the totalvolume, respectively. Native and domestic birdsmade up 10.1% of the total volume. Otheritems found included snakes and insects. Thebreadth of food items reported here concurswith other studies of mink diets (Errington1943, Korschgen 1958, Jones et al. 1983).Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 112(1/2), 2009                                           121DISCUSSIONWe were especially interested in the abundanceof muskrat as a food source for mink. Muskratsare one of the most commonly taken furbearerspecies in Nebraska (Landholt and Genoways2000) and are common prey items of mink(Errington 1943). Many factors can influencemink predation on muskrats including waterlevels, abundance of prey, and season. Proulxet al. (1987) found that when water levelswere low, mink would venture into the interiorsof marshes and prey on waterfowl and muskrats.However, when water levels were high, minktended to remain on the periphery of themarshes and feed primarily on voles andcrayfish. Errington (1954, 1961) similarlyreported that mink seldom traverse into thedeep portions of marshes until the water frozeor during drought conditions. Finally, in someareas, mink predation on muskrats tends to behigher during the fall and winter seasons(Yeager 1943, Wilson 1954; but see Hamilton1936, 1940), possibly due to the freezing ofwater resulting in greater access to muskratpopulations (Errington 1954, 1961).Because our Nebraska data were collectedapproximately 62 years ago, it is difficult todetermine how the above ecological factorsaffected mink predation on muskrats at thattime. For instance, there are some indicationsthat muskrat populations were low during thesample period. Sather (1958) reported thatapproximately 190,000 muskrat pelts wereharvested during the 1946 – 1947 seasoncompared to 275,000 harvested during the1945 – 1946 season. Further, 95% of the minkused in this study were taken from a river orstream habitat; whereas, muskrat populationstend to be highest in shallow lakes, ponds,and wetlands (Jones et al. 1983). This samplingbias towards river and stream habitats couldhave underestimated the overall importance ofmuskrats as a prey item to mink. Finally, thereis not sufficient information on water levelsduring the 1946 – 1947 season to be able todraw any conclusions on mink diets as theyrelate to water levels.CONCLUSIONWe found that mink in eastern and centralNebraska commonly feed upon species frommost major vertebrate taxa as well as variousinvertebrate taxa. Some of the more importantfood items for mink in Nebraska includedrabbits, muskrats, fish, crayfish, and frogs.Our results represent one of the few reportedcases where rabbits are frequently preyed uponby mink. Finally, the occurrence of muskrat inmink diet could not be fully assessed due thelack of information regarding importantecological factors such as muskrat density,water levels, and sampling bias.LITERATURE CITEDArnold, T.W. and Fritzell, E.K. 1987. Foodhabits of prairie mink during the waterfowlbreeding season. Canadian Journal ofZoology 65:2322-2324.Arnold, T.W. and Fritzell, E.K. 1989. Springand summer prey remains collected frommale mink dens in southwestern Manitoba.Prairie Naturalist 21:189-192.Ben-David, M., Hanley, T.A., Klein, D.R. andSchell, B.M. 1997. Seasonal changes indiets of coastal and riverine mink: the roleof spawning Pacific salmon. CanadianJournal of Zoology 75:803-811.Cowan, W.F. and Reilly, J.R. 1973. Summerand fall foods of mink on the J. Clark SalyerNational Wildlife Refuge. PrairieNaturalist 5:20-24.Eberhardt, R.T. 1973. Some aspects of mink-waterfowl relationships on prairie wetlands.Prairie Naturalist 5:17-19.Errington, P.L. 1943. An analysis of minkpredation upon muskrats in north-centralUnited States. Iowa Agricultural ExperimentStation Research Bulletin 320:797-924.Errington, P.L. 1954. The special responsivenessof minks to epizootics in muskrat populations.Ecological Monographs 24:377-393.122                                                                                             Hoffman, Genoways and WilsonErrington, P.L. 1961. Muskrats and marshmanagement. Wildlife Management InstitutePublication. University of Nebraska Press,183 pp.Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1936. Food habits of themink in New York. Journal of Mammalogy17:169.Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1940.  The summer foodsof mink and raccoons on the MontezumaMarsh, New York. Journal of WildlifeManagement 4:80-84.Jones, J.K., Jr., Armstrong. D.M., Hoffmann,R.S. and Jones, C. 1983. Mammals of thenorthern Great Plains. University ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 379 pp.Korschgen, L.J. 1958. December food habits ofmink in Missouri. Journal of Mammalogy39:521-527.Landholt, L.M. and Genoways, H.H. 2000.Population trends in furbearers in Nebraska.Transactions of the Nebraska Academy ofSciences 26:97-110.Larivière, S. 1999. Mustela vison. MammalianSpecies 608:1-9.Proulx, G., McDonnell, J.A. and Gilbert, F.F.1987. The effect of water level fluctuationson muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, predationby mink, Mustela vison. The CanadianField-Naturalist 101:89-92.Sargeant, A.B., Swanson, G.A. and Doty, H.A.1973. Selective predation by mink, Mustelavison, on waterfowl. American MidlandNaturalist 89:208-214.Sather, J.H. 1958. Biology of the Great Plainsmuskrat in Nebraska. Wildlife Monographs2:1-35.Sealander, J.A. 1943. Winter food habits ofmink in southern Michigan. Journal ofWildlife Management 7:411-417.Wilson, K.A. 1954. The role of mink and otteras muskrat predators in northeastern NorthCarolina. Journal of Wildlife Management18:199-207.Yeager, L.E. 1943. Storing muskrats and otherfoods by mink. Journal of Mammalogy24:100-101.

Historical Winter Diets of Mink (\u3ci\u3eMustela vison\u3c/i\u3e) in Nebraska

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska 
State Museum Museum, University of Nebraska State 
2009 
Historical winter diets of mink (Mustela vison) in Nebraska 
Justin D. Hoffman 
McNeese State University, jhoffman@mcneese.edu 
Sam Wilson 
Nebraska Game and Parks Commission 
Hugh H. Genoways 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, h.h.genoways@gmail.com 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy 
 Part of the Zoology Commons 
Hoffman, Justin D.; Wilson, Sam; and Genoways, Hugh H., "Historical winter diets of mink (Mustela vison) 
in Nebraska" (2009). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 128. 
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/128 
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: 
University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - 
Lincoln. 
Historical winter diets of mink (Mustela vison) in Nebraska
JUSTIN D. HOFFMAN1, HUGH H. GENOWAYS2, AND SAM WILSON3
1. Department of Biological Sciences, McNeese State University, Lake Charles,
    Louisiana - Corresponding author: jhoffman@mcneese.edu
2. School of Natural Resources and University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln,
    Nebraska.
3. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS
ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Vol. 112, no. 1/2
p.119-122(2009)
INTRODUCTION
Mink are opportunistic carnivores that feed
on a wide variety of prey items (Larivière
1999). Because of this, it is expected that
mink diets will vary geographically in response
to local and regional conditions. Several
studies on mink diets have taken place in the
Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and
Canada, where mink prey extensively on the
large populations of breeding waterfowl that
occur there during the spring and summer
(Cowan and Reilly 1973, Eberhardt 1973,
Sargeant et al. 1973, Arnold and Fritzell 1987,
1989). Research on mink diets in geographic
locations where there are few breeding
waterfowl show great amounts of variation in
food items (Hamilton 1936, Errington 1943,
Sealander 1943, Wilson 1954, Korschgen
1958). Currently there have been no published
reports on the specific diets of mink in
Nebraska. This type of information is important
because wildlife biologists rely on it for
making sound management recommendations.
The objectives of this study are to report on an
historical data set of the winter food habits of
mink in Nebraska.
METHODOLOGY
Mink tend to disperse throughout the landscape
making collection of population data difficult.
A valuable yet underutilized source of
information on mink includes those individuals
taken by fur harvesters. Fur harvesters present
an ideal opportunity for biologists to employ
the assistance of the public in gathering
valuable natural history data on an important
group of mammals. During the 1946 - 1947
trapping season (November 1946 - January 1947)
mink trappers were asked by the Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission to submit samples
of mink gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Those who
agreed were sent a gallon jar, with preservative,
tags, and sack cloth to preserve the samples.
Although the type of preservative was not
Currently there are no published accounts of the specific diets of mink (Mustela vison)
in Nebraska.  Herein, we present findings of an historic data set on the winter diets of
mink in Nebraska.  Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mink were collected by the Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission during the 1946-1947 fur trapping season.  The contents
of the GI tracts were identified as specifically as possible and percentage of occurrence
and percentage of total volume was calculated for each prey item.  Mammals and bony
fish were the most encountered items.  Among mammals, rabbits and muskrats (Ondatra
zibethicus) were the most frequently consumed species.  The presence of rabbits as a
major food source is interesting given that most published reports suggest that rabbits
are only opportunistically preyed upon by mink. Other commonly consumed taxa include
crayfish and frogs.  Our report is consistent with other published accounts in that mink
prey on a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa.
Keywords:  Mustela vison, muskrats, Nebraska, rabbits, winter diet
120                                                                                             Hoffman, Genoways and Wilson
specified in the initial report, we suspect that
it was a 10% formaldehyde solution, which
was a common preservative at that time
(Korschgen 1958). A total of 269 mink
stomachs and intestines were collected from
local trappers (George Schildman, Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission, unpubl. data).
We assumed that the samples were identified
shortly after collection using all available
animal material (bones, hair, feathers), similar
to Korschgen (1958); however, this was not
made clear in the initial report. Also, there
was no discussion of the methods used to
separate, dry, and identify the food remains
taken from the GI tracts. Most samples were
taken from central and eastern Nebraska,
primarily east of 100o longitude. Thirteen of
the 269 mink were trapped from a lake or
pond, whereas the remainders were taken
from river or stream habitats. Mammals and
birds were identified as specifically as possible;
however, there appears to have been no attempt
to identify any of the other major groups
beyond a general classification (Table 1). The
percent occurrence and percent of total stomach
volume were calculated for each prey item.
Percent occurrence represents the relative
number of times a prey item was found for the
total number of GI tracts that possessed prey
remains. The volume of each prey item was
estimated and recorded as the percent volume
of all stomachs that possessed food items.
RESULTS
Food remains were identified in 166 (134
stomach and 32 intestine) of 269 GI tracts
(Table 1). Of all major groups identified,
mammals, and bony fish were the most
frequently found items. Among mammals,
rabbits and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)
were the most frequently consumed species,
comprising 10.2% and 9.0% of the 166 GI
tracts, and making up 8.4% and 7.1% of the
total volume, respectively. We assumed eastern
cottontails (Sylivilagus floridanus) constituted
the majority of rabbit prey because most mink
were trapped in the central and eastern portions
of the state, which falls almost entirely within
the range of the eastern cottontail, as well as,
outside the range of the other cottontail species,
the desert cottontail (Sylivilagus audubonii),
in Nebraska (Jones et al. 1983). The presence
of rabbits as a common food item for mink is
a bit surprising. Most studies indicate that
rabbits are only opportunistically preyed upon
by mink (Cowan and Reilly 1973, Arnold and
Fritzell 1987, Larivière 1999), although some
exceptions exist (Korschgen 1958). Voles
(Microtus spp.) occurred in only 4.2% of the
166 GI tracts, but made up 7.1% of the total
volume. Bony fish prey made up 21.1% of the
166 GI tracts and 18% of the total volume.
Frogs and crayfish occurred commonly,
comprising 10.4% and 5.5% of the total
volume, respectively. Native and domestic birds
made up 10.1% of the total volume. Other
items found included snakes and insects. The
breadth of food items reported here concurs
with other studies of mink diets (Errington
1943, Korschgen 1958, Jones et al. 1983).
Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 112(1/2), 2009                                           121
DISCUSSION
We were especially interested in the abundance
of muskrat as a food source for mink. Muskrats
are one of the most commonly taken furbearer
species in Nebraska (Landholt and Genoways
2000) and are common prey items of mink
(Errington 1943). Many factors can influence
mink predation on muskrats including water
levels, abundance of prey, and season. Proulx
et al. (1987) found that when water levels
were low, mink would venture into the interiors
of marshes and prey on waterfowl and muskrats.
However, when water levels were high, mink
tended to remain on the periphery of the
marshes and feed primarily on voles and
crayfish. Errington (1954, 1961) similarly
reported that mink seldom traverse into the
deep portions of marshes until the water froze
or during drought conditions. Finally, in some
areas, mink predation on muskrats tends to be
higher during the fall and winter seasons
(Yeager 1943, Wilson 1954; but see Hamilton
1936, 1940), possibly due to the freezing of
water resulting in greater access to muskrat
populations (Errington 1954, 1961).
Because our Nebraska data were collected
approximately 62 years ago, it is difficult to
determine how the above ecological factors
affected mink predation on muskrats at that
time. For instance, there are some indications
that muskrat populations were low during the
sample period. Sather (1958) reported that
approximately 190,000 muskrat pelts were
harvested during the 1946 – 1947 season
compared to 275,000 harvested during the
1945 – 1946 season. Further, 95% of the mink
used in this study were taken from a river or
stream habitat; whereas, muskrat populations
tend to be highest in shallow lakes, ponds,
and wetlands (Jones et al. 1983). This sampling
bias towards river and stream habitats could
have underestimated the overall importance of
muskrats as a prey item to mink. Finally, there
is not sufficient information on water levels
during the 1946 – 1947 season to be able to
draw any conclusions on mink diets as they
relate to water levels.
CONCLUSION
We found that mink in eastern and central
Nebraska commonly feed upon species from
most major vertebrate taxa as well as various
invertebrate taxa. Some of the more important
food items for mink in Nebraska included
rabbits, muskrats, fish, crayfish, and frogs.
Our results represent one of the few reported
cases where rabbits are frequently preyed upon
by mink. Finally, the occurrence of muskrat in
mink diet could not be fully assessed due the
lack of information regarding important
ecological factors such as muskrat density,
water levels, and sampling bias.
LITERATURE CITED
Arnold, T.W. and Fritzell, E.K. 1987. Food
habits of prairie mink during the waterfowl
breeding season. Canadian Journal of
Zoology 65:2322-2324.
Arnold, T.W. and Fritzell, E.K. 1989. Spring
and summer prey remains collected from
male mink dens in southwestern Manitoba.
Prairie Naturalist 21:189-192.
Ben-David, M., Hanley, T.A., Klein, D.R. and
Schell, B.M. 1997. Seasonal changes in
diets of coastal and riverine mink: the role
of spawning Pacific salmon. Canadian
Journal of Zoology 75:803-811.
Cowan, W.F. and Reilly, J.R. 1973. Summer
and fall foods of mink on the J. Clark Salyer
National Wildlife Refuge. Prairie
Naturalist 5:20-24.
Eberhardt, R.T. 1973. Some aspects of mink-
waterfowl relationships on prairie wetlands.
Prairie Naturalist 5:17-19.
Errington, P.L. 1943. An analysis of mink
predation upon muskrats in north-central
United States. Iowa Agricultural Experiment
Station Research Bulletin 320:797-924.
Errington, P.L. 1954. The special responsiveness
of minks to epizootics in muskrat populations.
Ecological Monographs 24:377-393.
122                                                                                             Hoffman, Genoways and Wilson
Errington, P.L. 1961. Muskrats and marsh
management. Wildlife Management Institute
Publication. University of Nebraska Press,
183 pp.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1936. Food habits of the
mink in New York. Journal of Mammalogy
17:169.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1940.  The summer foods
of mink and raccoons on the Montezuma
Marsh, New York. Journal of Wildlife
Management 4:80-84.
Jones, J.K., Jr., Armstrong. D.M., Hoffmann,
R.S. and Jones, C. 1983. Mammals of the
northern Great Plains. University of
Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 379 pp.
Korschgen, L.J. 1958. December food habits of
mink in Missouri. Journal of Mammalogy
39:521-527.
Landholt, L.M. and Genoways, H.H. 2000.
Population trends in furbearers in Nebraska.
Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of
Sciences 26:97-110.
Larivière, S. 1999. Mustela vison. Mammalian
Species 608:1-9.
Proulx, G., McDonnell, J.A. and Gilbert, F.F.
1987. The effect of water level fluctuations
on muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, predation
by mink, Mustela vison. The Canadian
Field-Naturalist 101:89-92.
Sargeant, A.B., Swanson, G.A. and Doty, H.A.
1973. Selective predation by mink, Mustela
vison, on waterfowl. American Midland
Naturalist 89:208-214.
Sather, J.H. 1958. Biology of the Great Plains
muskrat in Nebraska. Wildlife Monographs
2:1-35.
Sealander, J.A. 1943. Winter food habits of
mink in southern Michigan. Journal of
Wildlife Management 7:411-417.
Wilson, K.A. 1954. The role of mink and otter
as muskrat predators in northeastern North
Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Management
18:199-207.
Yeager, L.E. 1943. Storing muskrats and other
foods by mink. Journal of Mammalogy
24:100-101.


Historical winter diets of mink (\u3ci\u3eMustela vison\u3c/i\u3e) in Nebraska

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1127&amp;context=museummammalogy

Historical winter diets of mink (\u3ci\u3eMustela vison\u3c/i\u3e) in Nebraska

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