Scifres, C. J.

Welch, T. G.

English

Texas A&M University

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L-2170
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Texas Agricultural Extension Service
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MACARTNEY ROSE CONTROL SYSTEMS
T.G. Welch and C.J. Scifres*
Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata), also known as
"Cherokee," "hedge" and "rose hedge," is a severe
management problem on more than 500,000 acres in
Southeast Texas, especially on the Coastal Prairie.
The thorny vine can establish covers so dense it vir-
tually eliminat s forage production and greatly
hinders livestock management. Macartney rose is
useful as browse and for wildlife cover but, if
allowed to establish excessive cover, the disadvan-
tages greatly outweigh its merits. Herbicides, mech-
anical methods and prescribed burning have been
evaluated for controlling Macartney rose, but no
single method has been totally effective.
Each available method has unique advantages
and weaknes es. Control may be achieved more effi-
ciently when methods are used in a systems
approach. Brush control systems capitalize on the
strengths of two or more methods by applying them
in a specific treatment sequence. Since management
objective vary among range livestock producers,
there is no single "best" system. The best Integrated
Brush Management System (lBMS) is that which
most effectively achieves the producer's specific
objectives.
Control Alternatives
Selecting an initial treatment for a control
program depends on size and cover of the brush
stand. In general, Macartney rose problems occur in
one of four situations ranging from dense stands of
large plants to scattered plants and/or isolated
clumps. Use figure I to select the alternative which
best fits your specific situation based on character-
istics of the Macartney rose problem. Application
procedures for specific alternatives are described in
table 1. Also, note that expected results from each
al terna ti ve are descri bed an d follow- u p
management needs are identified. Use the manage-
ment needs in table 1 to select the next logical alter-
native from figure 1. Proper application of the selec-
ted follow-up alternative is then described in table 1,
and the process is repeated until the Macartney rose
control program is in a "maintenance" state. When
this process is used to meet specific land manage-
ment objectives in conjunction with effective
*Extension range brush and weed control specialist and
Thomas M. O'Connor Professor of Range Science, Texas
Agricultural Experiment Station, The Texas A&M University
System.
28.12
grazing management, the basis for an Integrated
Brush Management System (lBMS) has been formed.
Role of Grazing Management
Effective management of grazing animals should
be an integral part of all brush control programs.
Sophisticated grazing systems are not required.
However, if long term benefits of the brush man-
agement program are to be realized, follow regular,
planned grazing deferments to allow native forage
stands to respond to reductions in the Macartney
rose cover (restore vigor, set seed, establish seedlings,
etc.). Such a grazing management program allows
scheduling the application of treatments to coincide
with a normal deferment period thus preventing a
potentially expensive unplanned deferment. If the
ranch has a planned grazing system, a systematic
approach to range improvements is more easily
implemented. A progressive inclusion of pastures in
the brush management program allows improve-
ment over a period of years. A rancher can gradually
increase his livestock numbers to effectively utilize
improved forage production as well as spread his
investment over several years.
COMMON, CHEMICAL AND PRODUCT NAMES
OF HERBICIDES
In table 2, the recommended herbicides have
been identified by the accepted Weed Science
Society of America's common name or other com-
mon designation, the correct chemical names as
required on the label and where practical, one or
more product names. For herbicides marketed under
three or more labels, the designation "several manu-
facturers" have been used rather than attempting to
list all the trade formulations.
Product names included in this publication are
not intended as an endorsement of the product of a
specific manufacturer, nor is there any implication
that any other formulation containing the same
active chemical is not equally as effective. Product
names are included solely to aid persons in locating
and identifying the recommended herbicides.
Suggestions on use of herbicides made by the
Texas Agricultural Extension Service are based
upon effectiveness under Texas conditions.
Suggested herbicides must be registered and
labeled for use by the Environmental Protection
Agency. Because the status of herbicide label
Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Zerle L. Carpenter, Director. The Texas A&M University System. College Station, Texas
Table 1. Application particulars, anticipated results and subsequent management needs for alternatives selected in developing an Inte-
grated Brush Management System (IBMS) for Macartney rose-infested rangeland.
Mechanical methods caus- Raking/stacking
ing minimal soil disturb-
ance
Situation
HeavycoverofMacartney
rose (especially over
large areas and most
plants 16ft tall)
Method
Aerial application
herbicides
Alternatives
of 1. 2,4-0 low-volatile ester
(3 qt/acre' in fall)
or
2. 2,4-0 amine salt (4 qtl
acre in spring)
or
3. Grazon P+O (4qt/acre2 )
in fall or spring
or
4. Tank mix 2 qtlacre 2,4-
o low-volatile ester or
amine salt with 1 qtlacre
Grazon PC3 (in fall use
2,4-0 low-volatile ester; in
spring use 2,4-0 amine)
Application
particulars
Apply herbicide in enough
carrier solution (4 to 15
gal/acre of water + 0.5%
vlv surfactant) to insure
uniform coverage of brush
foliage; apply when soil
water content and ai r
temperature are adequate
for active brush growth
and under conditions
which minimize spray
drift
Using front-end rake,
push top growth into
windrows or piles; allow
debris to dry; burn piles
Anticipated
results
Best results will be ob-
tained with herbicide con-
taining picloram (Grazen
P+O or Grazon PC).Re-
duce brush cover by more
than 80% for 90 to 120
days; at the end of the
second growing season
brush canopy reduction
by 50 to 60% but new
sprouts 6-36 in tall (de-
pending on post-treat-
ment rainfall) on 75% or
more of the plants; grass
released but forb popula-
tions reduced; dry canes
hindering grazing distri-
bution
Remove aerial brush
growth; up roots few
plants; releases herba-
ceous vegetation; brush
sprouts rapidly develop
from crowns and roots
Follow-up
management needs
Continued improvement
of range condition and
forage production; rein-
state forbs; remove dead
canes; suppress new
brush sprouts (see "B,"
fig ure 1 for next step)
Reduce number of live
brush plants; improve
range condition and
forage production (see
"B," figure 1 for next step)
Heavy cover of Macartney
rose but 3-6 ft tall
Broadcast application of
herbicides with ground or
aerial equipment
1. 2,4-0 low-volatile ester
in the fall (2 qtlacre)
or
2. 2,4-0 amine salt in the
spring (2 qtlacre)
or
3. Grazon P+O (4 qtlacre)
in fall or spring
or
4. Tank mix 2 qtlacre 2,4-
o low volatile ester (for
fall application) or 2,4-0
amine salt (for spring
application) with 1 qt/
acre Grazon PC
Same as described for
plants 16 ft tall except
apply in at least 20 to 30
gal/acre for ground
broadcast to insure
coverage of brush foliage
Same as following appli-
cation to plants16 ft tall
(see above)
Same as for aerial appli-
cation of herbicides to
plants.!,6 ft tall (see above
and see "C," figure 1 for
next step)
Scattered plants or
clumps
Localized area of heavy
regrowth on burned areas
Scattered plants or
clumps on burned areas
Individual plant treatment
with herbicide sprays
Prescribed burning
Individual plant treatment
with pelleted herbicides
Broadcast application of
herbicide pellets
Individual plant treatment
with pelleted herbicide
1. 1 gal 2,4-0 low-volatile
ester
or
2. 1 gal 2,4-0 amine salt
or
3. 1 gal Grazon P+D
or
4. 2 qt 2,4-0 low-volatile
ester or amine salt plus 1
qt Grazon PC
Mix herbicide and 8 to 32
oz surfactant in sufficient
water to make 100 gal of
mixture
Cool season (Dec-Feb)
burn as initial practice or
as follow-up (within 18 to
24 months) to chemical or
mechanical practice
Grazon 10K (Tordon 10K)4
Grazon 10K (Tordon 10K)
pellets at 10 Ib/acre
Grazon 10K (Tordon 10K)
pellets
Apply in spring or fall with
good growth condition;
apply with adequate
pressure to thoroughly
cover all foliage and
stems
Accumulate at least 2,000
Ib/acre (preferably 3,000
Ib/acre or more) of uni-
formily distributed fine
fuel; use headfire on clear
day when relative humid-
ity C70%, air temperature
1600 F. and wind 6 to 10
mph
Apply 0.5 to 1 tsp of 10%
pellets per foot of canopy
diameter ahead of spring
rains (use higher dosage
on heavy clay soils);
spread evenly through-
out canopy area
Apply with PTO-driven
fertilizer/seed spreader to
deliver pellets in 20-40 ft
wide swaths to heavily
infested areas only. Apply
directly into the ash
immediately following
late winter burn
Apply 1 tbsp of pellets per
100 sq ft (10 ft x 10 ft);
apply directly into ash of
plant or clump immedi-
ately following late winter
burn
Best results will be ob-
tained with herbicide
containing picloram
(Grazon P+D or Grazon
PC). Reduce brush
canopy by at least 90% for
90-120 days; canopy
reduction greater than
80% at end of first
growing season; kill more
than 60% of plants
Removal of brush top
growth and coarse
forage; removal of dead
canes from chemical
practice; improve grazing
distribution; rapid re-
growth from brush
crown/roots
Kill 60% or more of the
brush plants
Reduce canopy cover of
Macartney rose by at least
85% for two growing
seasons after treatment;
release grasses; reduce
forb populations for at
least the first growing
season
Same as for broadcast
application of plants
Improve range condition
and forage production;
remove dead canes; sup-
press invading brush
plants (see "0," figure 1
for next step)
Improve range conditior,
and forage production;
suppress sprouts on sur-
viving brush plants (see
"E," figure 1 for next
step)
lmprove range condition
and forage production;
suppress invading plants
and surviving sprouts;
remove dead woody
debris (see "F," figure 1
for next step)
1mprove range condition
and forage production;
rei nstate forbs; suppress
sprouts on surviving
plants (see "F," figure 1
for next step)
Same as for broadcast
application of pellets (see
"F," figure 1 for next step)
'Based on 4lb/gal (active ingredient) herbicide; 2Based on 2.5Ib/gal (active ingredient) herbicide (2Ib/gaI2.4-D + 0.5Ib/gal picloram); 3Based on 2lb/gal of picloram as active ingredient; 'Pellets
contain 10% picrolam as active ingredient.
Table 2. Recommended herbicides.
Herbicide
common name Chemical name Product name
Active ingredient
or acid equivalent
2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)
acetic acid
Several
manufacturers
Amine salts and
esters
Picloram 4-am ino-3,5,6-
trichloropicolinic acid
Grazon PC
Grazon 10K
Tordon 10K
2lb/gal
10%
10%
Picloram :2,4-D
(1:4)
See picloram and 2,4-D Grazon P + D 2.5 Ib/gal
Characteristics of Macartney Rose Problem
...------------------------Yes---------------------,
t
No
Yes
j
Apply Pellets
May be Applied
- Immediately
Following Winter
Burn
I
Yes
E.
Prescribed
Burn
Spray Individual
Plants or Treat
with Pellets
(See Specific
Treatment -No
Recommendationsl
No-
Ground Broadcast
Spray
or Broadcast
No- Apply Pellets
ISee Specific
Treatment Re-
commendations)
~---------Yes------'
No
,
Rake
and Stack:
Yes- Chain and
Burn Debris:
Aerial Spray
No
~
Broadcast Spray
Yes-- (See SpecificTreatment
Recommendations)
No
~
Yes-
No
~
Yes-
Figure 1. Flow chart for selecting methods for managing Macartney rose infestations.
clearance is subject to change, be certain that the
herbicide is currently labeled for the intended use.
The user is always responsible for the effects of
herbicide residue on his livestock and crops, as well
as for problems that could arise from drift or move-
ment of the herbicide from his property to that of
others. A lways read and follow carefully the instruc-
tions on the container label.
Acknowledgments
Information herein was developed from the collec-
tive experiences of researchers. Extension personnel
and ranchers who have evaluated control measures on
Macartney rose for many years. Work of R. A. Gordon,
J. L. Mutz, C.W. Hanselka and G.O. Hoffman (de-
ceased) was of particular value.
The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made
with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is
implied.
EducationaL programs conducted by the Texas AgricuLturaL Extension Service serve peopLe of aLL ages regardLess of ocioeconomic LeveL,
race, coLor, sex, reLigion, handicap or nationaL origin.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May B, 1914, as amended.
and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Zer1e L. Carpenter, Director, Texa Agricultural
Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System.
3M-B-BS RS 3-1


Macartney Rose Control Systems.

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Macartney Rose Control Systems.

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