Grachev, Sergey Yu.,

Grachev, Sergey Yu.

University of Groningen Research Database

  
 University of Groningen
Manipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride films
Grachev, Sergey Yu.
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
it. Please check the document version below.
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Publication date:
2003
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Grachev, S. Y. (2003). Manipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride films Groningen: s.n.
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Download date: 11-02-2018
 RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN 
 
 
Manipulation and control of the growth of  
magnetic iron nitride films 
 
Proefschrift 
 
ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de 
Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen 
aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 
op gezag van de 
Rector Magnificus, Prof. dr. F.Zwarts,  
in het openbaar te verdedigen op 
vrijdag 4 juli 2003 
om 14:15 uur 
 
 
door 
 
Sergey Yu. Grachev 
Geboren op 1 december 1972 
te Chişinău
 Promotor:      Prof. dr. D.O. Boerma 
 
Beoordelingcommissie:     Prof. dr. T. Hibma 
       Prof. dr. L. Niesen  
       Prof. dr. ir. B.Poelsema 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Front cover: the Snake and the Charmer from an Indian puppet show 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MSC Ph.D.-thesis series 2003-05 
ISSN 1570-1530  
 
 
 
  
 
Contents 
 
Contents 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Introduction          5 
2. Experimental methods and setups       11 
2.1 Introduction         11 
2.2 The setups          11 
2.2.1 The setup at the Groningen University     11 
2.2.2 The setup at the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid   12 
2.3 Substrate and sample preparation      12 
2.4 Auger electron spectroscopy       13 
2.5 X-ray diffraction         14 
2.6 Low-energy electron diffraction       15 
2.7 Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and channeling   16 
2.8 Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy      17 
2.9 Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy     19 
2.10 Atomic force microscopy       20 
2.11 Scanning tunneling microscopy      21 
2.12 References         22 
 
3. Atomic N-assisted MBE growth of Fe4N with different sources of nitrogen 23 
3.1 Introduction         23 
3.2 An overview of Fe-N phases       23 
3.3 MBE growth of Fe in ammonia background pressure    25 
3.4 MBE in the presence of a gas  flow through a hot iron nozzle   26 
3.5 MBE in the presence of a flow from a RF plasma source   26 
3.6 Conclusions         31 
3.7 References         31 
 
4. A radio-frequency plasma source of N atoms     33 
4.1 Introduction         33 
4.2 Design of the RF-source        34 
4.3 Gas flux calculations by Monte-Carlo simulations    34 
4.4 Optical spectroscopy        36 
4.5 Conclusions          37 
4.6 References         38 
 
5. Mechanism of growth of Fe4N on MgO(100)     39 
5.1 Introduction         39 
5.2 Sticking coefficient of N atoms to iron      39 
5.3 Growth of mixed α-Fe and γ’-Fe4N samples     41 
 1 
Contents 
5.4 Possible role of hydrogen       44 
5.5 Channeling study of a sample grown on a cleaved MgO(100)   46 
5.6 Conclusions         48 
5.7 References         49 
 
6. A preparatory study: N and Fe on Cu(100)     51 
6.1 Introduction         51 
6.2 The test sample: Fe4N on MgO(100)      51 
6.3 Adsorbtion and diffusion of N on Cu(100)     52 
6.4 Intermixing of Fe on Cu(100)       55 
6.5 Conclusions         60 
6.6 References         60 
 
7. On the growth mechanism of Fe4N on Cu(100)     63 
7.1 Introduction         63 
7.2 The early stages of growth       64 
7.3 Summary and discussion        74 
7.4 References         77 
 
8. Low energy ion scattering study of Fe4N on Cu(100)    79 
8.1 Introduction         79 
8.2 The c(2x2) and p4g(2x2) reconstructed surfaces of Fe4N   80 
8.3 Conclusions         85 
8.4 References         86 
 
9. Summary and outlook        87 
 
Samenvatting          91 
 
List of publications         97 
 
Acknowledgments         99 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
to my dearest friends 
 


Manipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride films

GRACHEV, SERGEY YU

uilis.unsyiah.ac.id

NARCIS 

ARTS repository - University of Groningen

   University of GroningenManipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride filmsGrachev, Sergey Yu.IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2003Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Grachev, S. Y. (2003). Manipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride films. s.n.CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 21-06-2022Acknowledgments  Acknowledgments           Finally. The work is finished, the thesis is written. I would like to thank those who in one way or another helped me to do this job and to live through the years of my PhD.   In the first place, I would like to thank my teachers and supervisors who gave me a highly valuable education in Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), although I poorly realized this while studying there.   I would like to thank Andrei Mijiritskii from whom everything started. He notified me about the position in the group, took care of my accommodation and necessary accessories by the day I arrived at Groningen and then played the role of my mentor and helped me with a lot of practical hints for surviving in the Netherlands. At work he again was very patient and clear explaining me the details of the equipment and software. Andrei, thank you!   Dear Dik. I am deeply grateful to you for all you have done for me. For your help in understanding the Dutch way of life, for your deep concern in my experimental work and strong support in my personal life. Also for your patience when things went wrong because of me. Thank you for your enthusiasm and for teaching me experimental tricks, scientific approaches and the English writing. Thank you for all this, I appreciate it very much.   Jan Rijnders was my Holy Technician. His divine powers over the experimental setup surprised and scared me regularly. The so called “effect of Jan’s presence” was proven and then used by me. Thank you for the patient guidance, Jan, and for the good mood in any weather. Thank you for taking care of my broken bicycle.   Dana Borsa was my collegue in the project for almost the whole time of my PhD. She helped me a lot with CEMS measurements and fitting, with realizing what have we grown together and what have I done myself. She was a great companion in exploring and enjoying (and fighting) Spanish life in the city of Madrid. Thank you, Dana, for all this.   Luben and I became friends at first sight. I was very happy to have so open, and so understanding person to share the office with. Liana, his wife, matched my personality as well and during the time I spent in Groningen we three had an infinite amount of conversations about infinite amount of subjects. There is still plenty of things to discus, however. Dear Luben and Liana, thank you for your help and understanding. I could always rely on you and this is a feeling granted by very few persons in the lifetime. I will try to return like for like.   Bert Niesen was always very critical on Monday mornings but also very clear and pointing right at weak points. These weak points are usually undetectable for a speaker, so his comments were always valuable. I realized this particularly while discussing the thesis with him. On Fridays evenings, however, he was still critical, but  99 Acknowledgments  the subject was usually different. Dear Bert, thank you for being critical and correct, thank you for the careful reading of the manuscript.   I needed quite some time to get used to the fast talking of Peter Smulders. But when I started to understand, I could not stop laughing. Thank you, Peter, for  teaching me RBS tricks and for your never lasting optimism.   Dear Frits, your help was of a special kind, and so my thanks are. Thank you for managing all my papers in spite of the mess I usually had along with them. Thank you for the support of Windows and Linux software. But special thanks for warmness and good humor at all times.   I met Nikolai Chechenin for the first time in Moscow when he interviewed me for the PhD position. Thank you, Nikolai, for the good recommendation.   Thank you, Tony and Bogdan, for your help in all those numerous techniques you learned before me, and for sharing problems and fun in and outside the group.   Thank you, Evert, for Fridays and for the help with my accommodation.   Leo Huisman was disturbed by me very often. I was surprised sometimes of his patience and speed with which he repaired the electrical equipment I had just broken. Thank you, Leo. My thanks to Rob Schotanus, Menno ter Haseborg and Bert van der Berg for the technical support. Thank you, Luc Venema, for teaching me how to survive in a chemical room and for saving me from those ugly chemicals I spilled on the floor.   Thank you, Frans van der Horst, for the assistance with XRD measurements.   Tjipke Hibma is a very good guide in the reciprocal space. Thank you, Tjip, for the straight answer “No” on which I could count on, and for the clear explanations of what I have observed with diffraction techniques. Thank you for the critical reading of the thesis.   Well, boss comes first, right? Now, Szilly Csiszar, thank you for the cleaved MgO(100) substrate of the thickness of (1±0.1) mm, miscut < 5°, I have grown my best sample on this substrate. I am also grateful for your XRD advises, measurements and discussions. Thank you Soejrd, Wilma and Diana for the shared fun, billiard, beer-wine and whatever followed.   Oh, almost forgot, thanks again to Szilly for the fun, billiard, beer all in one and more (too personal to be mentioned here).   I will move now to Madrid, which is in Spain.   Jose Maria Gallego was my guide in the STM-world and in Spanish life. Thank you, Jose, for your help and assistance, for beautiful STM images, for soccer games and for the nice time we spent together.   Ana, Maite, Javier, Antonio, Haime, Gastón, Ramon and the rest of the company, thank you for the funny lunches, coffee breaks and wild-Madrid out-parties. Thanks to Jose, Ana, Aurelio and Javier, whose help in finding (and then getting rid of) an apartment in Madrid was indispensable.   Christina, Jorhe, David, Fabian and Fabian (from Spain and Germany), Juanjo, Juanito, Farid, Juan, and more, thank you for the help and for your open hearts.   Thank you, Rudolfo Miranda, for the fruitful discussions.   Coming back to the Netherlands, I would like to thank my out-of-lab friends. Thank you, Harry and the jazz-band, for funny lessons and not very bad concerts.   Artem, thank you for the lake-sessions.   Thank you Luben and Liana for introducing me to the Bulgarian society and many thanks to the Bulgarian society for welcoming me and for speaking Russian. Special thanks to Ivo.   Thank you Ira and Ido, Katja and Alla for the fun we shared.   100Acknowledgments  Finally, thank you, my dearest friends, who never let me down: Dorin, Nail&Natasha, Luben&Liana, Serge D. Thanks from the bottom of my heart to my family, whose support I felt always and where I go for healing and love. This work I dedicate to you.   Thank you all, my memories will be long. And if I forget a thing, I’ll pick up this book and recall all of you gratefully.    101 

English

Proceedings - University of Groningen

   University of GroningenManipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride filmsGrachev, Sergey Yu.IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2003Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Grachev, S. Y. (2003). Manipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride films. s.n.CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 09-09-2023Acknowledgments  Acknowledgments           Finally. The work is finished, the thesis is written. I would like to thank those who in one way or another helped me to do this job and to live through the years of my PhD.   In the first place, I would like to thank my teachers and supervisors who gave me a highly valuable education in Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), although I poorly realized this while studying there.   I would like to thank Andrei Mijiritskii from whom everything started. He notified me about the position in the group, took care of my accommodation and necessary accessories by the day I arrived at Groningen and then played the role of my mentor and helped me with a lot of practical hints for surviving in the Netherlands. At work he again was very patient and clear explaining me the details of the equipment and software. Andrei, thank you!   Dear Dik. I am deeply grateful to you for all you have done for me. For your help in understanding the Dutch way of life, for your deep concern in my experimental work and strong support in my personal life. Also for your patience when things went wrong because of me. Thank you for your enthusiasm and for teaching me experimental tricks, scientific approaches and the English writing. Thank you for all this, I appreciate it very much.   Jan Rijnders was my Holy Technician. His divine powers over the experimental setup surprised and scared me regularly. The so called “effect of Jan’s presence” was proven and then used by me. Thank you for the patient guidance, Jan, and for the good mood in any weather. Thank you for taking care of my broken bicycle.   Dana Borsa was my collegue in the project for almost the whole time of my PhD. She helped me a lot with CEMS measurements and fitting, with realizing what have we grown together and what have I done myself. She was a great companion in exploring and enjoying (and fighting) Spanish life in the city of Madrid. Thank you, Dana, for all this.   Luben and I became friends at first sight. I was very happy to have so open, and so understanding person to share the office with. Liana, his wife, matched my personality as well and during the time I spent in Groningen we three had an infinite amount of conversations about infinite amount of subjects. There is still plenty of things to discus, however. Dear Luben and Liana, thank you for your help and understanding. I could always rely on you and this is a feeling granted by very few persons in the lifetime. I will try to return like for like.   Bert Niesen was always very critical on Monday mornings but also very clear and pointing right at weak points. These weak points are usually undetectable for a speaker, so his comments were always valuable. I realized this particularly while discussing the thesis with him. On Fridays evenings, however, he was still critical, but  99 Acknowledgments  the subject was usually different. Dear Bert, thank you for being critical and correct, thank you for the careful reading of the manuscript.   I needed quite some time to get used to the fast talking of Peter Smulders. But when I started to understand, I could not stop laughing. Thank you, Peter, for  teaching me RBS tricks and for your never lasting optimism.   Dear Frits, your help was of a special kind, and so my thanks are. Thank you for managing all my papers in spite of the mess I usually had along with them. Thank you for the support of Windows and Linux software. But special thanks for warmness and good humor at all times.   I met Nikolai Chechenin for the first time in Moscow when he interviewed me for the PhD position. Thank you, Nikolai, for the good recommendation.   Thank you, Tony and Bogdan, for your help in all those numerous techniques you learned before me, and for sharing problems and fun in and outside the group.   Thank you, Evert, for Fridays and for the help with my accommodation.   Leo Huisman was disturbed by me very often. I was surprised sometimes of his patience and speed with which he repaired the electrical equipment I had just broken. Thank you, Leo. My thanks to Rob Schotanus, Menno ter Haseborg and Bert van der Berg for the technical support. Thank you, Luc Venema, for teaching me how to survive in a chemical room and for saving me from those ugly chemicals I spilled on the floor.   Thank you, Frans van der Horst, for the assistance with XRD measurements.   Tjipke Hibma is a very good guide in the reciprocal space. Thank you, Tjip, for the straight answer “No” on which I could count on, and for the clear explanations of what I have observed with diffraction techniques. Thank you for the critical reading of the thesis.   Well, boss comes first, right? Now, Szilly Csiszar, thank you for the cleaved MgO(100) substrate of the thickness of (1±0.1) mm, miscut < 5°, I have grown my best sample on this substrate. I am also grateful for your XRD advises, measurements and discussions. Thank you Soejrd, Wilma and Diana for the shared fun, billiard, beer-wine and whatever followed.   Oh, almost forgot, thanks again to Szilly for the fun, billiard, beer all in one and more (too personal to be mentioned here).   I will move now to Madrid, which is in Spain.   Jose Maria Gallego was my guide in the STM-world and in Spanish life. Thank you, Jose, for your help and assistance, for beautiful STM images, for soccer games and for the nice time we spent together.   Ana, Maite, Javier, Antonio, Haime, Gastón, Ramon and the rest of the company, thank you for the funny lunches, coffee breaks and wild-Madrid out-parties. Thanks to Jose, Ana, Aurelio and Javier, whose help in finding (and then getting rid of) an apartment in Madrid was indispensable.   Christina, Jorhe, David, Fabian and Fabian (from Spain and Germany), Juanjo, Juanito, Farid, Juan, and more, thank you for the help and for your open hearts.   Thank you, Rudolfo Miranda, for the fruitful discussions.   Coming back to the Netherlands, I would like to thank my out-of-lab friends. Thank you, Harry and the jazz-band, for funny lessons and not very bad concerts.   Artem, thank you for the lake-sessions.   Thank you Luben and Liana for introducing me to the Bulgarian society and many thanks to the Bulgarian society for welcoming me and for speaking Russian. Special thanks to Ivo.   Thank you Ira and Ido, Katja and Alla for the fun we shared.   100Acknowledgments  Finally, thank you, my dearest friends, who never let me down: Dorin, Nail&Natasha, Luben&Liana, Serge D. Thanks from the bottom of my heart to my family, whose support I felt always and where I go for healing and love. This work I dedicate to you.   Thank you all, my memories will be long. And if I forget a thing, I’ll pick up this book and recall all of you gratefully.    101 

University of Groningen

Dissertations of the University of Groningen

University of Groningen Digital Archive

   University of GroningenManipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride filmsGrachev, Sergey Yu.IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2003Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Grachev, S. Y. (2003). Manipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride films. s.n.CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 12-10-2022Acknowledgments  Acknowledgments           Finally. The work is finished, the thesis is written. I would like to thank those who in one way or another helped me to do this job and to live through the years of my PhD.   In the first place, I would like to thank my teachers and supervisors who gave me a highly valuable education in Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State University), although I poorly realized this while studying there.   I would like to thank Andrei Mijiritskii from whom everything started. He notified me about the position in the group, took care of my accommodation and necessary accessories by the day I arrived at Groningen and then played the role of my mentor and helped me with a lot of practical hints for surviving in the Netherlands. At work he again was very patient and clear explaining me the details of the equipment and software. Andrei, thank you!   Dear Dik. I am deeply grateful to you for all you have done for me. For your help in understanding the Dutch way of life, for your deep concern in my experimental work and strong support in my personal life. Also for your patience when things went wrong because of me. Thank you for your enthusiasm and for teaching me experimental tricks, scientific approaches and the English writing. Thank you for all this, I appreciate it very much.   Jan Rijnders was my Holy Technician. His divine powers over the experimental setup surprised and scared me regularly. The so called “effect of Jan’s presence” was proven and then used by me. Thank you for the patient guidance, Jan, and for the good mood in any weather. Thank you for taking care of my broken bicycle.   Dana Borsa was my collegue in the project for almost the whole time of my PhD. She helped me a lot with CEMS measurements and fitting, with realizing what have we grown together and what have I done myself. She was a great companion in exploring and enjoying (and fighting) Spanish life in the city of Madrid. Thank you, Dana, for all this.   Luben and I became friends at first sight. I was very happy to have so open, and so understanding person to share the office with. Liana, his wife, matched my personality as well and during the time I spent in Groningen we three had an infinite amount of conversations about infinite amount of subjects. There is still plenty of things to discus, however. Dear Luben and Liana, thank you for your help and understanding. I could always rely on you and this is a feeling granted by very few persons in the lifetime. I will try to return like for like.   Bert Niesen was always very critical on Monday mornings but also very clear and pointing right at weak points. These weak points are usually undetectable for a speaker, so his comments were always valuable. I realized this particularly while discussing the thesis with him. On Fridays evenings, however, he was still critical, but  99 Acknowledgments  the subject was usually different. Dear Bert, thank you for being critical and correct, thank you for the careful reading of the manuscript.   I needed quite some time to get used to the fast talking of Peter Smulders. But when I started to understand, I could not stop laughing. Thank you, Peter, for  teaching me RBS tricks and for your never lasting optimism.   Dear Frits, your help was of a special kind, and so my thanks are. Thank you for managing all my papers in spite of the mess I usually had along with them. Thank you for the support of Windows and Linux software. But special thanks for warmness and good humor at all times.   I met Nikolai Chechenin for the first time in Moscow when he interviewed me for the PhD position. Thank you, Nikolai, for the good recommendation.   Thank you, Tony and Bogdan, for your help in all those numerous techniques you learned before me, and for sharing problems and fun in and outside the group.   Thank you, Evert, for Fridays and for the help with my accommodation.   Leo Huisman was disturbed by me very often. I was surprised sometimes of his patience and speed with which he repaired the electrical equipment I had just broken. Thank you, Leo. My thanks to Rob Schotanus, Menno ter Haseborg and Bert van der Berg for the technical support. Thank you, Luc Venema, for teaching me how to survive in a chemical room and for saving me from those ugly chemicals I spilled on the floor.   Thank you, Frans van der Horst, for the assistance with XRD measurements.   Tjipke Hibma is a very good guide in the reciprocal space. Thank you, Tjip, for the straight answer “No” on which I could count on, and for the clear explanations of what I have observed with diffraction techniques. Thank you for the critical reading of the thesis.   Well, boss comes first, right? Now, Szilly Csiszar, thank you for the cleaved MgO(100) substrate of the thickness of (1±0.1) mm, miscut < 5°, I have grown my best sample on this substrate. I am also grateful for your XRD advises, measurements and discussions. Thank you Soejrd, Wilma and Diana for the shared fun, billiard, beer-wine and whatever followed.   Oh, almost forgot, thanks again to Szilly for the fun, billiard, beer all in one and more (too personal to be mentioned here).   I will move now to Madrid, which is in Spain.   Jose Maria Gallego was my guide in the STM-world and in Spanish life. Thank you, Jose, for your help and assistance, for beautiful STM images, for soccer games and for the nice time we spent together.   Ana, Maite, Javier, Antonio, Haime, Gastón, Ramon and the rest of the company, thank you for the funny lunches, coffee breaks and wild-Madrid out-parties. Thanks to Jose, Ana, Aurelio and Javier, whose help in finding (and then getting rid of) an apartment in Madrid was indispensable.   Christina, Jorhe, David, Fabian and Fabian (from Spain and Germany), Juanjo, Juanito, Farid, Juan, and more, thank you for the help and for your open hearts.   Thank you, Rudolfo Miranda, for the fruitful discussions.   Coming back to the Netherlands, I would like to thank my out-of-lab friends. Thank you, Harry and the jazz-band, for funny lessons and not very bad concerts.   Artem, thank you for the lake-sessions.   Thank you Luben and Liana for introducing me to the Bulgarian society and many thanks to the Bulgarian society for welcoming me and for speaking Russian. Special thanks to Ivo.   Thank you Ira and Ido, Katja and Alla for the fun we shared.   100Acknowledgments  Finally, thank you, my dearest friends, who never let me down: Dorin, Nail&Natasha, Luben&Liana, Serge D. Thanks from the bottom of my heart to my family, whose support I felt always and where I go for healing and love. This work I dedicate to you.   Thank you all, my memories will be long. And if I forget a thing, I’ll pick up this book and recall all of you gratefully.    101 

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Manipulation and control of the growth of magnetic iron nitride films

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Proceedings - University of Groningen

Dissertations of the University of Groningen