McWilliams, Denise A.

English

Texas A&amp;M Repository

oW to'lIzITexas Agricultural Extension Service~ Environmentally Safe PracticesL-2373Pesticide Waste Minimization and DisposalDenise A. McW111iams*M anagement and disposal ofpesticide waste are amongmajor problems pesticide ap-plicators face when using chemi-cals. Improper management anddisposal are threats to publichealth and the environment. Ex-cess application or improPer dis-posal of remaining mixtures,undiluted chemicals or even pes-ticide containers can lead to long-term contamination of such finiteresources as groundwater, surfacewaters, food and air.The current process of land dis-posal will eventually be phased outto alternative, biodegradable orreusable waste management tech-nologies and practices. Indeed,waste collection and managementsystems and facilities which arebacked by educational and techni-cal assistance to applicators mayprovide environmentally soundpractices for disposing of or reus-ing all wastes.The difficulty in establishing alter-native waste management prac-tices which are environmentallywise, however, is that hundreds ofdifferent toxic, corrosive, reactiveor ignitable chemical wastes aregenerated each year. Thisspectrum of chemicals cannot bemanaged by one method alone.Agricultural wastes, synthetic or-ganic chemicals from industrY, in-organic sludges, solvents, wasteoils and industrial waste waterstreams must all be dealt with inorder to protect the land, air andwater around us."The current process ofland disposal will eventual-ly be phased out to alterna-tive, biodegradable orreusable waste manage-ment technologies andpractices."Thxas ranks first in the nation inthe amount of total hazardouschemical waste produced. Themajority of this waste comes fromindustrial effiuents. A "hazardouswaste" is any solid waste (i.e., li-quids, solids, semi-solids, gels orgases) that may be dangerous tohuman health and the environ-ment if imprOPerly managed.Agricultural chemicals are listed ashazardous wastes in the 40 Codeof Federal Regulations (parts261.31-~1.33) and are defined as-Extension Training specialist· Agriculiural ChemicalsTexas Agrlcuhural Extension service • Zerle L carpenter, Director • The Tex.s A&M Unlvershy System • College Station, Texas~EDviroDD1eDtaIlY Safe Practiceshaving one of the characteristics ofa hazardous waste. Pesticide·was-tes which are regulated are thosewhich 1) contain a hazardous soleactive ingredient, 2) are hazardousmixtures, 3) are acutely hazardouswaste or 4) are hazardous waste asidentified by an EPA number.The Congressional Budget Officeestimates that 38 million tons oftotal hazardous waste weregenerated in Texas during 1983.This amount was 13 percent of the300 million ton total for the na-tion. Pesticides for agriculturaluse were only a small portion ofthis total accumulation.Currently, such concerns asgroundwater contamination fromall wastes make the need for bet-ter management and disposal ofthese chemicals a concern toeveryone. Cost of hazardouswaste cleanup is very expensive,and the cleanup methods are dif-ficult, if not impossible.II1 Texas, pesticides are called haz-ardous, acutely hazardous or Texasregulated wastes if they require.SPeCific disposal procedures. DiS-posal of these chemicals requirescompletion of a Uniform Hazard-ous Waste Manifest through theTexas Water Commission beforethe chemicals can be shipped off-site for treatment, storage or dis-posal. The cost can be prohibitive,thus making minimization of suchwaste important. Indeed, preven-tative actions such as waste mini-mization must be implemented byall pesticide users.Management PracticesYour ChoiceT 1he first step to minimizingany waste is to determinewhich pest control is really need~for the problem before purchasingthe chemical. First, decide if an al-ternative control can be usee:t. In-tegrated pest managementtechniques or biological controlsmay provide the protectionneeded, without excessive use ofchemicals. Be certain that chemi-cal control is the best solution. If apesticide must be used, the follow-ing management practices shouldbe remembered:2• choose the proper pesticidefor the specific problem,• read the label,• apply it properly,• clean up thoroughly,• store the pesticide securely,and• dispose of containers safely.With these basic guidelines inmind, several waste minimizationtechniques can be implemented.LabelOnce the need for a pesticideproduct has been determined, thelabel should be read again. Thelabel will provide information onapplying the chemical. Generalmixing and spraying directions willinform you of the amount to beused over a SPeCific area and theequipment requirements. Thelabel will also mention other re-quirements for using the pesticidewith specific dispersal equipment.Information on applicationsthrough irrigation systems, if thechemical is registered for this use,will be explained. The crops, spraytiming and mixture specificationsfor the chemical will also be men-tioned in the label information.Any soil characteristics that may in-fluence the chemical activity oralter the use rate will also be givenalong with any environmentalhazards. This information willhelp to determine the amount ofchemical which will be needed.The label also provides someguidance on pesticide and con-tainer disposal.StorageTo minimize waste of the chemicalpurchased, store the chemical in alocked, dry, cool, well-ventilatedarea. This will insure that thechemical will maintain its activeability for the short peri~ it isstored before use and will protectothers from coming in contact withthe chemical. Explicit storage in-formation for individual chemicalscan be found on the label. Thestorage area should be equippedwith cleanup supplies such as clayabsorbents, in case a spill occurs.Water, food and feed should notbe stored in the same locked areaas the pesticides. Safely ~toringthe pesticide will prevent loss ofthe chemical from spills or loss ofchemical activity from degradationby heat, sunlight or other environ-mental factors.ApplicationBesides estimating how muchpesticide should be used,more calculation should be donein order to figure the exactamount needed. Pre-applicationcalculations should allow you tofigure the exact amount of Pes-ticide needed on a SPeCific landarea. Knowing the soil types inthe area to be sprayed will give abetter ballpark figure of chemicalneeded over the area. Figure theapplication changes due to soiltype differences or terrain require-ments. If areas will not be sprayedbecause of trees, hills or watersources, these areas should not befigured into the total spray usecalibration.3Equipment must be workingproperly. Test the equipment bymaking a trial run with water to fig-ure the spray pressure needed tocover the area at the chemical ratesuggested on the label. Check allnozzles to make sure they are dis-persing similarly. Collect watersamples from these trial runs overa: certain amount of time. Cloggednozzles or an improperly pres-surized boom will make the noz-zles spray differently. This willlead to under- or over-applyingthe chemical. An under-appliedspray will lead to excess mixtureleft in the tank after covering thetargeted area. This excess wastewill have to be disposed of by theapplicator. An over-applicationwill result in not enough mixtureto cover the targeted area. Thismay result in hazardous over-ap-plication in the sprayed areas andno coverage in the remainingareas. In order to spray theremaining areas, the procedure forfiguring the amount of pesticideneeded will have to be done againEnvironmentally Safe Practices~for the remaining land area. Thus,after running out of chemical, anapplicator will be forced torecalibrate using only the areameasurement still needing to besprayed. He will have to gothrough the mixing procedureagain. Either under- or over-spray-ing will lead to more time and ef-fort from the applicator.Correct calibrations, on the otherhand, will simplify the task, short-en the time required to spray thearea and minimize, if noteliminate, any waste mixture.CleanupSelect a location to spray rinsewater when finished with your ap-plications. Clean equipmentthoroughly. Rinse water, even forthis cleanup procedure, should notbe applied over an area alreadysprayed. Reapplying over such anarea could lead to contaminationof the soil or water or even resultin longer persistence of the chemi-cal in that area. It may also harmthe crop which is being sprayed.Instead, rinse water should be ap-plied to an area in which the spraywould do some good in controllingthe target pest, but would not cre-ate a contamination hazard. Con-sult the pesticide label foradditional disposal instructions. Hyou have further questions, con-tact the Texas Department ofAgriculture or the Texas WaterCommission for advice. Remain-ing mixture and cleanup rinsatefrom equipment can thus be dis-posed of safely.Keeping the excess mixture, onthe other hand, could createproblems. Many pesticidesdegrade more quickly once theyare mixed with water or oil. Thismay weaken or even completely in-activate mixtures saved for lateruse. Also, the mixture in a tank ismore subject to temperature andsunlight factors which can hasten4pesticide degradation. Extra mix-ture may also present spill or leak-ing hazards. H the extra mixture isnot used or stored in a lockedarea, children, pets or livestockcould come into contact with thepesticide. H the container holdingthe stored mixture is not checkeddaily, drips or leaks could con-taminate the storage area.When cleaning equipment or dis-posing of containers, triple rinsingof the equipment surfaces and ofthe empty containers is advised.Triple rinsing containers and put-ting the rinse water in the tank rin-sate will allow the applicator todispose of the waste water by laterapplying the rinsate to areaswhere it would be useful. Then,equipment should be rinsed bothinside and out so that pesticideresidues on and in the equipmentcan be minimized. H equipment isrinsed at a loading pad, a closedstorage system could be used tocollect the rinsate. H a closed sys-tem is not available, however,storage tanks or containers mayneed to be used to catch the rinsewater. H the waste material or rin-sate is stored, keep records on themateri.al placed in each storagetank and the date the waste wasstored so that the tank will not beused for other, possibly incom-patible, chemical wastes.Never store assorted wastes in thesame container. Fires, leaks andother releases could culminate ifignitable or reactive wastes aremixed. Mark storage containers sothat others will know that hazard-Environmentally Safe PracticesWear Protective Clothingous wastes are in the containers.Inspect all containers for leaksevery week and, if possible, daily.Keep the containers closed exceptwhen you fill or empty them.Place"the tank or container aboveground, if possible, so that anyleaks can be found immediately.Call your local fire department forany buffer zone requirementsnecessary for tanks containing ig-nitable or reactive wastes.Container DisposalSpecific requirements exist forlarge quantity and small quan-tity waste generators. Farmers,however, who dispose of waste pes-ticides from their own use are ex:-empt. For farmers, containersshould be triple rinsed with a sol-vent capable of removing anyremaining content and the rinsatedisposed of as consistent with thedisposal instructions on the label.A farmer currently does not haveto report this rinsate to the TexasWater Commission or to the U. s.Environmental Protection Agency.The empty containers, however,must be disposed of at a sanitarylandfill or to the manufacturers orformulators after being properlyemptied (triple rinsed with an ap-propriate solvent and punctured,crushed or otherwise rendered in-capable of holding liquid).SummaryT he key to minimizing waste isto correctly calibrate pes-ticide equipment and use only theamount of chemical needed. Cor-rect disposal of containers is doneby following label instructions fordisposal and by following the lawsand policies established in Texasthrough the Texas Water Commis-sion, the Texas Department ofAgriculture and the Texas Depart-ment of Health. All federal regula-tions in effect will also apply.Applicators can reduce the timeand trouble of managing waste byfollowing five general guidelines:1. Do not mix wastes. Thisincreases the waste quantitystored and limits all recycling orland spreading. By not mixingwaste chemicals, the rinsate canbe used.2. Look for ways to reduce theamount of products used.3. Be aware of alternative productswhich might be less toxic oreven nonhazardous.4. Check on information aboutreuse and reclamation ofwasteproducts through the TexasWater Commission's RENEWprogram (Resource ExchangeNetwork for Eliminating Waste).For information on theRENEW program, call theTexas Water Commission at(512)463-7761.5. Reuse rinsates from equipmentand containers in a mannerconsistent with labelinstructions.5~ Environmentally Safe PracticesMinimize the waste generatedfrom pesticide use. Minimizationhelps protect soil, air and waterresources. Ifyou have furtherquestions about pesticide wastedisposal, contact your countyagent or contact one of the en-vironmental regulatory agencies inyour area.References1. Texas Water Commission. 1989.Hazardous Waste Regulations -A Handbook for PesticideApplicators.2. Stewart, B. A, D. A Woolhiser,W. H. Wischmeier, J. H. Careand M. H. Frere. 1975. Controlof Water Pollution fromCropland. Vol. Report No.ARS-H51.3. Texas Department ofAgriculture. 1985. HazardousWaste in Texas - Alternatives toLand Disposal.4. U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency. 1988. ManagingPesticide Wastes:Recommendations for Action -Summary of NationalConferences and Workshops onPesticide Waste Disposal.5. U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency. 1977. Safe PesticideUse Around the Home.~ ESP, Environmentally Safe Practices, is a Texas Agricultural Extension Service program designed to promotethe use of safe practices around the home and landscape. Whether one is working in household activities,S home landscaping and gardening or in production agriculture, environmentally sound practices should be used.~It is the responsibility of our generation to make wise use of environmental resources and to extend the use to ~~future generations. ~~ [WThis publication was made available through Extension Service-United States Department of Agriculture fundingin cooperation with the Texas Agricultural Extension Service.The information herein is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding thatno discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension service is implied.Educational programs conducted by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service serve people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race,color, sex, religion, handicap or national origin.Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended, andJune 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Zerle L. Carpenter, Director, Texas Agricultural Extension Service,The Texas A&M University System.10M-11-89, New CHEM 4 & ESP6

Pesticide Waste Minimization and Disposal.

Texas A&M University

oW to
'lIzI
Texas Agricultural Extension Service
~ Environmentally Safe Practices
L-2373
Pesticide Waste Minimization and Disposal
Denise A. McW111iams*
M anagement and disposal ofpesticide waste are among
major problems pesticide ap-
plicators face when using chemi-
cals. Improper management and
disposal are threats to public
health and the environment. Ex-
cess application or improPer dis-
posal of remaining mixtures,
undiluted chemicals or even pes-
ticide containers can lead to long-
term contamination of such finite
resources as groundwater, surface
waters, food and air.
The current process of land dis-
posal will eventually be phased out
to alternative, biodegradable or
reusable waste management tech-
nologies and practices. Indeed,
waste collection and management
systems and facilities which are
backed by educational and techni-
cal assistance to applicators may
provide environmentally sound
practices for disposing of or reus-
ing all wastes.
The difficulty in establishing alter-
native waste management prac-
tices which are environmentally
wise, however, is that hundreds of
different toxic, corrosive, reactive
or ignitable chemical wastes are
generated each year. This
spectrum of chemicals cannot be
managed by one method alone.
Agricultural wastes, synthetic or-
ganic chemicals from industrY, in-
organic sludges, solvents, waste
oils and industrial waste water
streams must all be dealt with in
order to protect the land, air and
water around us.
"The current process of
land disposal will eventual-
ly be phased out to alterna-
tive, biodegradable or
reusable waste manage-
ment technologies and
practices."
Thxas ranks first in the nation in
the amount of total hazardous
chemical waste produced. The
majority of this waste comes from
industrial effiuents. A "hazardous
waste" is any solid waste (i.e., li-
quids, solids, semi-solids, gels or
gases) that may be dangerous to
human health and the environ-
ment if imprOPerly managed.
Agricultural chemicals are listed as
hazardous wastes in the 40 Code
of Federal Regulations (parts
261.31-~1.33) and are defined as
-Extension Training specialist· Agriculiural Chemicals
Texas Agrlcuhural Extension service • Zerle L carpenter, Director • The Tex.s A&M Unlvershy System • College Station, Texas
~EDviroDD1eDtaIlY Safe Practices
having one of the characteristics of
a hazardous waste. Pesticide·was-
tes which are regulated are those
which 1) contain a hazardous sole
active ingredient, 2) are hazardous
mixtures, 3) are acutely hazardous
waste or 4) are hazardous waste as
identified by an EPA number.
The Congressional Budget Office
estimates that 38 million tons of
total hazardous waste were
generated in Texas during 1983.
This amount was 13 percent of the
300 million ton total for the na-
tion. Pesticides for agricultural
use were only a small portion of
this total accumulation.
Currently, such concerns as
groundwater contamination from
all wastes make the need for bet-
ter management and disposal of
these chemicals a concern to
everyone. Cost of hazardous
waste cleanup is very expensive,
and the cleanup methods are dif-
ficult, if not impossible.
II1 Texas, pesticides are called haz-
ardous, acutely hazardous or Texas
regulated wastes if they require.
SPeCific disposal procedures. DiS-
posal of these chemicals requires
completion of a Uniform Hazard-
ous Waste Manifest through the
Texas Water Commission before
the chemicals can be shipped off-
site for treatment, storage or dis-
posal. The cost can be prohibitive,
thus making minimization of such
waste important. Indeed, preven-
tative actions such as waste mini-
mization must be implemented by
all pesticide users.
Management Practices
Your Choice
T 1he first step to minimizingany waste is to determine
which pest control is really need~
for the problem before purchasing
the chemical. First, decide if an al-
ternative control can be usee:t. In-
tegrated pest management
techniques or biological controls
may provide the protection
needed, without excessive use of
chemicals. Be certain that chemi-
cal control is the best solution. If a
pesticide must be used, the follow-
ing management practices should
be remembered:
2
• choose the proper pesticide
for the specific problem,
• read the label,
• apply it properly,
• clean up thoroughly,
• store the pesticide securely,
and
• dispose of containers safely.
With these basic guidelines in
mind, several waste minimization
techniques can be implemented.
Label
Once the need for a pesticide
product has been determined, the
label should be read again. The
label will provide information on
applying the chemical. General
mixing and spraying directions will
inform you of the amount to be
used over a SPeCific area and the
equipment requirements. The
label will also mention other re-
quirements for using the pesticide
with specific dispersal equipment.
Information on applications
through irrigation systems, if the
chemical is registered for this use,
will be explained. The crops, spray
timing and mixture specifications
for the chemical will also be men-
tioned in the label information.
Any soil characteristics that may in-
fluence the chemical activity or
alter the use rate will also be given
along with any environmental
hazards. This information will
help to determine the amount of
chemical which will be needed.
The label also provides some
guidance on pesticide and con-
tainer disposal.
Storage
To minimize waste of the chemical
purchased, store the chemical in a
locked, dry, cool, well-ventilated
area. This will insure that the
chemical will maintain its active
ability for the short peri~ it is
stored before use and will protect
others from coming in contact with
the chemical. Explicit storage in-
formation for individual chemicals
can be found on the label. The
storage area should be equipped
with cleanup supplies such as clay
absorbents, in case a spill occurs.
Water, food and feed should not
be stored in the same locked area
as the pesticides. Safely ~toring
the pesticide will prevent loss of
the chemical from spills or loss of
chemical activity from degradation
by heat, sunlight or other environ-
mental factors.
Application
Besides estimating how muchpesticide should be used,
more calculation should be done
in order to figure the exact
amount needed. Pre-application
calculations should allow you to
figure the exact amount of Pes-
ticide needed on a SPeCific land
area. Knowing the soil types in
the area to be sprayed will give a
better ballpark figure of chemical
needed over the area. Figure the
application changes due to soil
type differences or terrain require-
ments. If areas will not be sprayed
because of trees, hills or water
sources, these areas should not be
figured into the total spray use
calibration.
3
Equipment must be working
properly. Test the equipment by
making a trial run with water to fig-
ure the spray pressure needed to
cover the area at the chemical rate
suggested on the label. Check all
nozzles to make sure they are dis-
persing similarly. Collect water
samples from these trial runs over
a: certain amount of time. Clogged
nozzles or an improperly pres-
surized boom will make the noz-
zles spray differently. This will
lead to under- or over-applying
the chemical. An under-applied
spray will lead to excess mixture
left in the tank after covering the
targeted area. This excess waste
will have to be disposed of by the
applicator. An over-application
will result in not enough mixture
to cover the targeted area. This
may result in hazardous over-ap-
plication in the sprayed areas and
no coverage in the remaining
areas. In order to spray the
remaining areas, the procedure for
figuring the amount of pesticide
needed will have to be done again
Environmentally Safe Practices~
for the remaining land area. Thus,
after running out of chemical, an
applicator will be forced to
recalibrate using only the area
measurement still needing to be
sprayed. He will have to go
through the mixing procedure
again. Either under- or over-spray-
ing will lead to more time and ef-
fort from the applicator.
Correct calibrations, on the other
hand, will simplify the task, short-
en the time required to spray the
area and minimize, if not
eliminate, any waste mixture.
Cleanup
Select a location to spray rinse
water when finished with your ap-
plications. Clean equipment
thoroughly. Rinse water, even for
this cleanup procedure, should not
be applied over an area already
sprayed. Reapplying over such an
area could lead to contamination
of the soil or water or even result
in longer persistence of the chemi-
cal in that area. It may also harm
the crop which is being sprayed.
Instead, rinse water should be ap-
plied to an area in which the spray
would do some good in controlling
the target pest, but would not cre-
ate a contamination hazard. Con-
sult the pesticide label for
additional disposal instructions. H
you have further questions, con-
tact the Texas Department of
Agriculture or the Texas Water
Commission for advice. Remain-
ing mixture and cleanup rinsate
from equipment can thus be dis-
posed of safely.
Keeping the excess mixture, on
the other hand, could create
problems. Many pesticides
degrade more quickly once they
are mixed with water or oil. This
may weaken or even completely in-
activate mixtures saved for later
use. Also, the mixture in a tank is
more subject to temperature and
sunlight factors which can hasten
4
pesticide degradation. Extra mix-
ture may also present spill or leak-
ing hazards. H the extra mixture is
not used or stored in a locked
area, children, pets or livestock
could come into contact with the
pesticide. H the container holding
the stored mixture is not checked
daily, drips or leaks could con-
taminate the storage area.
When cleaning equipment or dis-
posing of containers, triple rinsing
of the equipment surfaces and of
the empty containers is advised.
Triple rinsing containers and put-
ting the rinse water in the tank rin-
sate will allow the applicator to
dispose of the waste water by later
applying the rinsate to areas
where it would be useful. Then,
equipment should be rinsed both
inside and out so that pesticide
residues on and in the equipment
can be minimized. H equipment is
rinsed at a loading pad, a closed
storage system could be used to
collect the rinsate. H a closed sys-
tem is not available, however,
storage tanks or containers may
need to be used to catch the rinse
water. H the waste material or rin-
sate is stored, keep records on the
materi.al placed in each storage
tank and the date the waste was
stored so that the tank will not be
used for other, possibly incom-
patible, chemical wastes.
Never store assorted wastes in the
same container. Fires, leaks and
other releases could culminate if
ignitable or reactive wastes are
mixed. Mark storage containers so
that others will know that hazard-
Environmentally Safe Practices
Wear Protective Clothing
ous wastes are in the containers.
Inspect all containers for leaks
every week and, if possible, daily.
Keep the containers closed except
when you fill or empty them.
Place"the tank or container above
ground, if possible, so that any
leaks can be found immediately.
Call your local fire department for
any buffer zone requirements
necessary for tanks containing ig-
nitable or reactive wastes.
Container Disposal
Specific requirements exist forlarge quantity and small quan-
tity waste generators. Farmers,
however, who dispose of waste pes-
ticides from their own use are ex:-
empt. For farmers, containers
should be triple rinsed with a sol-
vent capable of removing any
remaining content and the rinsate
disposed of as consistent with the
disposal instructions on the label.
A farmer currently does not have
to report this rinsate to the Texas
Water Commission or to the U. s.
Environmental Protection Agency.
The empty containers, however,
must be disposed of at a sanitary
landfill or to the manufacturers or
formulators after being properly
emptied (triple rinsed with an ap-
propriate solvent and punctured,
crushed or otherwise rendered in-
capable of holding liquid).
Summary
T he key to minimizing waste isto correctly calibrate pes-
ticide equipment and use only the
amount of chemical needed. Cor-
rect disposal of containers is done
by following label instructions for
disposal and by following the laws
and policies established in Texas
through the Texas Water Commis-
sion, the Texas Department of
Agriculture and the Texas Depart-
ment of Health. All federal regula-
tions in effect will also apply.
Applicators can reduce the time
and trouble of managing waste by
following five general guidelines:
1. Do not mix wastes. This
increases the waste quantity
stored and limits all recycling or
land spreading. By not mixing
waste chemicals, the rinsate can
be used.
2. Look for ways to reduce the
amount of products used.
3. Be aware of alternative products
which might be less toxic or
even nonhazardous.
4. Check on information about
reuse and reclamation ofwaste
products through the Texas
Water Commission's RENEW
program (Resource Exchange
Network for Eliminating Waste).
For information on the
RENEW program, call the
Texas Water Commission at
(512)463-7761.
5. Reuse rinsates from equipment
and containers in a manner
consistent with label
instructions.
5
~ Environmentally Safe Practices
Minimize the waste generated
from pesticide use. Minimization
helps protect soil, air and water
resources. Ifyou have further
questions about pesticide waste
disposal, contact your county
agent or contact one of the en-
vironmental regulatory agencies in
your area.
References
1. Texas Water Commission. 1989.
Hazardous Waste Regulations -
A Handbook for Pesticide
Applicators.
2. Stewart, B. A, D. A Woolhiser,
W. H. Wischmeier, J. H. Care
and M. H. Frere. 1975. Control
of Water Pollution from
Cropland. Vol. Report No.
ARS-H51.
3. Texas Department of
Agriculture. 1985. Hazardous
Waste in Texas - Alternatives to
Land Disposal.
4. U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency. 1988. Managing
Pesticide Wastes:
Recommendations for Action -
Summary of National
Conferences and Workshops on
Pesticide Waste Disposal.
5. U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency. 1977. Safe Pesticide
Use Around the Home.
~ ESP, Environmentally Safe Practices, is a Texas Agricultural Extension Service program designed to promotethe use of safe practices around the home and landscape. Whether one is working in household activities,S home landscaping and gardening or in production agriculture, environmentally sound practices should be used.~It is the responsibility of our generation to make wise use of environmental resources and to extend the use to ~~future generations. ~~ [WThis publication was made available through Extension Service-United States Department of Agriculture funding
in cooperation with the Texas Agricultural Extension Service.
The information herein is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that
no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension service is implied.
Educational programs conducted by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service serve people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race,
color, sex, religion, handicap or national origin.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended, and
June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Zerle L. Carpenter, Director, Texas Agricultural Extension Service,
The Texas A&M University System.
10M-11-89, New CHEM 4 & ESP
6


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Pesticide Waste Minimization and Disposal.

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Pesticide Waste Minimization and Disposal.

Abstract

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