The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE)

A Rissler

AC Crouter

B Netterstrom

CC Caruso

CD Mathers

DA Adler

DP Goldberg

DP MacKinnon

E Isometsä

H Kuper

H Michelsen

HU Wittchen

IR White

J Tselgov

Jane E. Ferrie

JP Bonde

K Demyttenaere

K Harkonmäki

K Tarumi

KS Kendler

M Kivimäki

M Shields

M van der Hulst

M Virtanen

Marianna Mazza

Marianna Virtanen

MG Marmot

Mika Kivimäki

NW Jansen

PS Wang

R Karasek

RA Karasek

RC Kessler

Rebecca Fuhrer

S Paterniti

SA Stansfeld

SL Ettner

Stephen A. Stansfeld

T Harris

T Honkonen

U Lundberg

V Lorant

WW Eaton

Y Suwazono

PLoS ONE

PubMed

The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE).Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991–1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997–1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7–8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65).Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predispose to major depressive episodes

Virtanen Marianna

Stansfeld Stephen A.

Fuhrer Rebecca

Ferrie Jane E.

Kivimäki Mika

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Overtime Work as a Predictor of Major Depressive Episode: A 5-Year Follow-Up of the Whitehall II Study

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Virtanen, M

Stansfeld, SA

Fuhrer, R

Ferrie, JE

Kivimaeki, M

Queen Mary Research Online

English

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<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE).</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991–1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997–1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7–8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65).</p> <h3>Conclusions/Significance</h3><p>Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predispose to major depressive episodes.</p> </div

Marianna Virtanen (152568)

Stephen A. Stansfeld (186495)

Rebecca Fuhrer (186496)

Jane E. Ferrie (152587)

Mika Kivimäki (95277)

The Francis Crick Institute

BackgroundThe association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE).Methodology/principal findingsProspective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991-1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997-1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7-8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65).Conclusions/significanceData from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predispose to major depressive episodes

Stephen A Stansfeld

Jane E Ferrie

Directory of Open Access Journals

Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.

Crossref

Background: The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE). Methodology/Principal Findings: Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991–1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997–1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95 % confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7–8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95 % confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65). Conclusions/Significance: Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime ma

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Kivimäki, M

UCL Discovery

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Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.

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Public Library of Science (PLOS)

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The Francis Crick Institute

Directory of Open Access Journals

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UCL Discovery