El 27 de enero de 2017, la UNESCO ha incluido al paisaje del olivar andaluz en una lista tentativa de futuros patrimonios mundiales, lo que presenta oficialmente en el mundo estos paisajes y exige mantener sus valores patrimoniales. Aquí se ofrece una lectura científica e interdisciplinar de las claves geográficas, históricas y estéticas que justifican tal consideración y también se presenta la problemática ambiental y social que está suponiendo para aquellos seculares paisajes la adopción de insumos y manejos insostenibles del olivo para adaptar sus producciones a un exigente mercado.Last 27th of January 2017, UNESCO included The Olive Grove Landscapes of Andalusia in a preliminary list of candidates to become part of World Heritage list, which would mean a global recognition of this landscape and its a call for maintaining their heritage values. The goal of this paper is to analyze, through a scientific and transdisciplinary approach, the arguments for and against such recognition. We thus explore the geographic, historic, cultural, and aesthetic reasons that would justify the inclusion of this landscape in the World Heritage list. Moreover, we aim to assess and discus the environmental and social challenges faced by olive agro-ecosystems as a result of recent industrial management and global demands
