The classification of some deep-water agglutinated foraminifera identified as Reophax minuta

Tappan, 1940 is revised based upon examination of type material. Lower Cretaceous specimens

formerly placed in Reophax minuta from northwest Europe and the Polish Carpathians in actuality

belong in Pseudonodosinella troyeri (Tappan, 1960). Upper Cretaceous forms formerly referred to R.

minuta are now placed in Pseudonodosinella parvula (Huss, 1966). A neotype for Pseudonodosinella

parvula is designated herein

Geroch, S.

Kaminski, M.A.

English

UCL Discovery

    117  In: Kaminski, M.A. Geroch, S., & Gasiƒski, M.A. (eds.), 1995. Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Agglu-tinated Foraminifera, Kraków Poland, September 12-19, 1993. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication no. 3, pp. 117-122.  An emendation of some Cretaceous species of "Reophax" (Foraminiferida) from northwest Europe and Poland   STANISLAW GEROCH1 and MICHAEL A. KAMINSKI2 1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian Uniwersity ul. Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland.  2. Research School of Geological and Geophysical Sciences, Birkbeck College and University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, U.K.   ABSTRACT The  classification  of  some  deep-water  agglutinated  foraminifera  identified  as  Reophax  minuta Tappan, 1940 is revised based upon examination of type material. Lower Cretaceous specimens formerly placed in Reophax minuta from northwest Europe and the Polish Carpathians in actuality belong in Pseudonodosinella troyeri (Tappan, 1960). Upper Cretaceous forms formerly referred to R. minuta are now placed in Pseudonodosinella parvula (Huss, 1966). A neotype for Pseudonodosinella parvula is designated herein.    INTRODUCTION Some  tapered  specimens of Reophax referred  to the species  R.  minuta  Tappan,  1940  are  commonly  en-countered in deep-water sediments of Cretaceous to Paleogene age. In the biostratigraphic schemes of the Polish  Carpathians  (Geroch  &  Nowak,  1984)  and North Sea (King et al., 1989), "R. minuta" is used as zonal  index  taxon  for  the  upper  Barremian  to  Ap-tian, and the upper Aptian to lower Albian, respec-tively. However, the type specimens of Reophax min-uta  housed  at  the  US  Natural  History  Museum  in Washington  DC  are  derived  from  comparatively shallow facies from the Coastal Plain of Texas. The "true" Reophax minuta possesses numerous, regularly enlarging  chambers,  horizontal  sutures,  lacks  an apertural neck, and does not display the characteris-tic  tapered  morphology  of  specimens  known  from deep-water  deposits.  These  specimens  from  the Cretaceous  of  Texas  were  designated  the  type species  of the genus Scherochorella  Loeblich &  Tap-pan, 1984. Despite the fact that Loeblich & Tappan (1984,  1987)  regarded  these  forms  as  distinct  from typical deep-water Reophax, some confusion has per-sisted  in  the  recent  literature  with  regard  to  the systematics of deep-water and boreal specimens.    The primary purpose of this paper is to document the Cretaceous deep-water species of Reophax known from the North Sea area and the Polish Carpathian flysch and to revise their taxonomy based on direct comparison to type material in the collections of the US Natural History Museum.   MATERIAL In  this  study  we  concentrated  our  efforts  to  deter-mine the taxonomic affinity of specimens normally lumped in Reophax minuta, by examining specimens housed in  the  "primary  types"  collection at  the  US Natural History Museum as well as specimens from various  localites  in  the  Carpathians  (Fig.  1).  One species, Reophax parvulus Huss, 1966, previously                   Figure 1. Tectonic units of the Polish Outer Carpathians (modified after Ksiazkiewicz, 1968), with localities indicated. 1- Straconka,  Lipnik,  2-  Zywiec,  3-  Zawadka,  4-  Lanckorona,  5-  Sulkowice,  6-  Wilkowisko,  7-  Wiernik,  8-  Weglówka,  9- Domaradz, 10- Rybotycze.   118    Geroch & Kaminski named  R.  minuta  Tappan  (Huss,  1957),  was  origi-nally described from the Carpathians. Unfortunately, Huss  never  deposited  type  specimens  in  any museum,  and  her  collection  no  longer  exists. However, Huss did provide an adequate description and  illustrations  (Textfig.  2).  Luckily,  some  foram-iniferal assemblages picked from boreholes from the type  area  Weglówka  near  Krosno  described  in  her papers (Huss, 1957; 1966) were at our disposal.    SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS  Family HORMOSINIDAE Haeckel, 1894 Subfamily Hormosininae Haeckel, 1894 Genus Pseudonodosinella Saidova, 1970   The  genus  Pseudonodosinella  (type  species  Reophax nodulosa Brady, 1879) is characterised by its smooth, finely finished wall comprised of a multiple layer of grains, ovate to subpyriform chambers with horizon-tal sutures, and a terminal aperture "at the centre of a thickened wall and produced face".   Pseudonodosinella troyeri (Tappan, 1960)  Plate 1, Figs. 1, 2, 4-16  Reophax  troyeri  Tappan,  1960,  p.  291,  pl.  1,  figs.  10-12.  - Tappan, 1962, p. 153, pl. 30, figs. 11-13.  Haplostiche D1 Hecht, 1938, pl. 3a, figs. 24-26; pl. 4a, figs. 4-8; pl. 6a, fig. 29.  Reophax  cf.  minuta  Tappan.  -  Geroch,  1960,  p.  123,  pl.  6, figs. 2, 3.  Reophax  minutus  Tappan.  -  Bartenstein  &  Bettenstaedt, 1962, p. 282, pl. 39, fig. 1. - Geroch, 1966, p. 439, fig. 7 (7-17). - Grün et al., 1972, pl. 5, fig. 6. - Geroch & Nowak, 1984, pl. 1, fig. 9. Reophax minuta Tappan. - Bach, 1965, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 1. -- Hanzliková, 1966, p. 103, pl. 1, figs. 15-16. - Bleachu et al. 1968, p. 148, pl. 2, fig. 12. - King et al., 1989. pl. 8.1, fig. 19.  Reophax liassicus Franke. - Geroch, 1966, p. 440, fig. 7 (1, 4-6).  Holotype. Deposited in the "Primary Types" collec-tion at the US Natural History Museum. Description.  Test  straight  or  arched  very  slightly, tapered  at  both  ends,  consisting  of  3-6  rapidly  en-larging  chambers,  with  horizontal  sutures.  Micro-sphaeric  forms  have  as  many  as  six  chambers, megalosphaeric  forms  usually  have  only  three chambers. Aperture single, terminal, on a low, broad neck.  The  wall  is  thickened  around  the  aperture. Wall  finely  agglutinated,  comprised  of  a  multiple layer of grains, finely finished.  Remarks. This species  was  originally illustrated as "Haplostiche  D1"  by  Hecht  (1938)  from  outcrops  in northwest Germany. In his revision of Hecht's classic fauna,  Bartenstein  (1952,  1962,  1965)  assigned Hecht's specimens to Reophax minuta Tappan, 1940. Most subsequent workers (including ourselves) have adopted  the  name  R.  minuta  for  Cretaceous  speci-mens of Reophax that possess an aperture on a pro-duced neck.    However,  the type specimens  of R. minuta from the Albian Grayston Formation of the Texas Coastal Plain possess numerous rounded chambers and no sign  of  a  neck.  Loeblich  &  Tappan  (1984)  placed these  specimens  in  their  new  genus  Scherochorella, which differs from Reophax in possessing broad, low chambers, horizontal sutures, and in lacking a neck. Although the genus is characterised by the absence of a neck, Loeblich & Tappan (1987) retained Sche-rochorella  in  the  subfamily  Reophacinae  Cushman, 1910,  which  is  described  as  possessing  a  rounded, terminal aperture on a distinct neck.    Specimens  formerly  assigned  to  R.  minuta  from Lower Cretaceous deposits of northwest Europe and the Carpathian Flysch, however, are tapered at both ends  and  have  a  produced  aperture.  These  most closely correspond to the type specimens of Reophax troyeri Tappan, 1960, described from the Lower Cre-taceous  of  the  Arctic  slope  of  Alaska.  We  transfer this species to the genus Pseudonodosinella because of its general similarities to the type species P. nodulosa (Brady). Specimens of P. troyeri clearly have a finely agglutinated,  multilayered  wall,  and  the  typical thickening of the wall around the aperture.   Pseudonodosinella parvula (Huss, 1966) Plate 2, Figs. 1-19; Textfig. 2 Reophax parvulus Huss, 1966, p. 21, pl. 1, figs. 26-30.  Reophax sp. cf. R. minutus Tappan. - Geroch & Gradzinski, 1955, pl. 5, fig. 4.  Reophax minuta Tappan. - Neagu, 1970, p. 35, pl. 2, fig. 4. Reophax sp. 2. Kaminski et al., 1988, p. 187, pl. 3, figs 2, 3. - Kuhnt, 1990, p. 324, pl. 3, figs. 7-9.   Type  material.  The  specimens  illustrated  by  Huss (1966) were originally deposited at the GEONAFTA offices  in  Krakow,  but  the  collection  is  now  pre-sumed  lost.  A  neotype,  designated  herein,  is  illus-trated in Plate 2, fig. 1. This specimen is housed in the Micropaleontology collections of the Jagiellonian University.  It  was  selected  from  Borehole  7  at Weglówka, which was the same material studied by Huss. The material is derived from upper Cenoman-ian to Turonian green variegated shales and marly shales  of  the  Subsilesian  Unit  of  the  Polish Carpathians.  Additional  specimens  were  selected from  lower  Senonian  variegated  and  red  marly shales  from  the  Subsilesian  Unit  at  Zawadka,  near Wadowice.     Figure  2.  Type  specimens  of  "R.  parvulus"  reproduced from Huss (1966).   Description.  Test  straight  or  arched  very  slightly, with  oval  to  pyriform  chambers,  with  horizontal sutures. Microsphaeric forms have as many as eight chambers,  whereas  megalosphaeric  forms  typically have four. Aperture single, terminal, on a low, broad Cretaceous deep-water "Reophax"    119 neck.  The  wall  is  thickened  around  the  aperture. Wall  finely  agglutinated,  comprised  of  a  multiple layer of grains, finely finished.  Remarks.  The  species  "R.  parvulus"  has  until  now have only been reported from Poland. In her original description of the species, Huss (1966) remarked that it  differs  from  R.  minuta  in  having  fewer,  less rounded chambers. Our specimens from the Polish Carpathians  are  derived  from  the  Turonian  and lower Senonian of the Subsilesian Unit, but this type of  slender  Pseudonodosinella  with  a  tapered  last chamber is also known from Paleocene deposits in Trinidad (Kaminski et al., 1988) and from the Cam-panian to Paleocene at Gubbio, Italy (Kuhnt, 1990).   0.90mm0.800.700.600.500.400.20 0.30 0.10 mmWidth of Last ChamberLength of Test"R. troyeri" typesP. troyeri, Poland(Lower Cretaceous)"R. parvulus", typesP. parvula, Poland(Cenoman-Turon.)P. parvula, Poland(lower Senonian)  Figure  3.  Dimensions  of  P.  parvula  and  P.  troyeri  from various localities in the Polish Carpathians, compared with the type specimens. Field delineates the aspect ratios of P. troyeri.    This Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene species is no doubt closely related to P. troyeri, and there is some overlap  between  the  two  forms.  However,  micro-sphaeric specimens of P. parvula are generally more slender and have more elongated chambers than the Lower Cretaceous forms assigned to P. troyeri (Fig. 3). Megalosphaeric forms tend to have more slowly enlarging chambers than those of P. troyeri, and as a result have nearly parallel sides.   Subfamily Reophacinae Cushman, 1910  Genus Scherochorella Loeblich & Tappan, 1984  Scherochorella minuta (Tappan, 1940)  Pl. 1, Fig. 3; Textfig. 4 Reophax  minuta  Tappan,  1940,  p.  94,  pl.  14,  figs.  4a-b.  - Tappan, 1943, p. 480, pl. 77, fig. 4.  Remarks: Our concept of this genus and species is in full  agreement  with  the  description  given  by Loeblich  &  Tappan  (1987).  Several  slides  of  pre-viously unfigured paratypes and metatypes from the U.S. Gulf Coast and the North Slope of Alaska are housed in the collections  of  the USNM. Specimens are  from  the  Duck  Creek  Formation  of  Oklahoma, the  Grayson  Formation  of  Texas,  and  the  Torok Formation of Alaska.   2 3 40.5 mm 1 5  Figure 4. Scherochorella minuta (Tappan) from the Cushman Collection (camera lucida sketches). 1. paratype from the Grayson Formation, 3 1/2 mi NE of Koanoke, 2 mi E of Fort  Worth  -  Denton  road,  Denton  County  Texas.  2-5. metatypes  from  the  Duck  Creek  Formation,  Red  River, Horseshoe Bend, Love County Oklahoma.   CONCLUSIONS The  term  "Reophax  minutus"  must  be  restricted  to shallow  water  forms  originally  described  from  the Coastal Plain of the Gulf Coast. Deep-water and bo-real forms display a more tapered morphology with a produced aperture. Specimens from the North Sea and  the  Polish  Outer  Carpathians  are  sufficiently different  from  the  type  specimens  of  R.  minuta  to warrent being placed in two different species based on the degree of expansion of the width of the test and  the  height  of  the  final  chamber.  Lower  Creta-ceous  deep-water  forms  formerly  attributed  to  "R. minutus"  are  transferred  to  the  species  Pseudonodo-sinella troyeri (Tappan). The more slender Upper Cre-taceous  to  Paleocene  specimens  are  now  placed  in Pseudonodosinella parvula (Huss).   120    Geroch & Kaminski ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  This study was accomplished through the financial assistance  of  the  Short-Term  Visiting  Fellowship Program of the Smithsonian Institution. We extend our gratitude to Drs. Martin Buzas and Brian Huber for their hospitality and assistance during our visit to the Smithsonian in December 1991. This is contribu-tion no 42 of the Deep-Water Agglutinated Foram-inifera Project.   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Lanckorona, Silesian Unit; 11-12. Straconka 20/91, 41/91; Silesian Unit; 13-14. Lanckorona C9, A3; Silesian Unit;     122    Geroch & Kaminski                          Plate 2. Pseudonodosinella parvulus (Huss), Subsilesian Unit of the Polish Carpathians. Specimens on left are photographed using reflected light or SEM; right - view in cross-polarised light. 1-9. Green and variegated upper  Cenomanian  to  Turonian  shales,  W´glówka  boreholes.  1.  Neotype,  W´glówka-7,  299-303  m.  2,4,6. Weglówka-130,  230  m.  3,5.  W´glówka-6a,  241.6  -  247  m.  7-9.  Weglówka-6a,  251.6  -  257.4  m.  10-19.  Lower Senonian red variegated marly shales, Stream banks at Zawadka near Wadowice.  

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An emendation of some Cretaceous species of "Reophax" (Foraminiferida) from northwest Europe and Poland

An emendation of some Cretaceous species of "Reophax" (Foraminiferida) from northwest Europe and Poland

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