Mała Epoka Lodowa w Alpach : jej zapis w osadach glacjalnych i formowaniu lodowców gruzowych

Abstract

Climatic fluctuations of glaciers of the Little Ice Age (LIA)-rank used to show comparable magnitudes during the Holocene. That is why the extent of maximal LIA moraines in the Alps attains similar position as those of the previous LIA-type Holocene advances. Consequently, the LIA moraines represent a massive and frequently multi-ridge depositional system. Certain differences in reaction to climatic changes and in moraine development result from the glacier size, percentage of debris-covered ice surfaces, and topography of alimentary areas. Such differences are particularly spectacular regarding "pure ice" and debris-covered glaciers. Another system represent rock glaciers which, however, frequently accompany regular glaciers. Some rock glaciers originated due to one-time transformation of a "glacial" glacier during its recession, while others formed owing to long-term accumulation of rock debris within glacial cirques during successive oscillations of small cirque glaciers in the Holocene, given suitable topographic and topoclimatic conditions. The relationship between the ELA and altitude of cirque bottom and/or debris supply from surrounding walls is of key importance in this case