Miyawake, Y.

Nakayama, T.

Nisikado, Y.

Oshima, S.

Okayama University Digital Information Repository

Studies on the Methods for Testing the Effectiveness of Fungicides. II.The Use of Pot Cultured Rice Plants for Testing Spray Materials against Helminthostorium Oryzae Infection.*

Okayama University Scientific Achievement Repository

， Studies on the Methods for Testing the Effectiveness of Fungicides. 11.τne Use of Pot Cultured Rice Plants for Testing Spray Materials against Helminthostorium Oryzae Infection.後By Y. Nisikado， T. Nakayama1)， Y.Miyawakiり， and S. Oshirna勺1n eva1u劫ingfungicid伺， もhere1eavea li抗，le'doub色白白色0出esignificance of 拘sul旬。>btainedfromもhedirect applicaもionof materia1日uponliving pl!m旬. Theも倒も吋ilbe of geneml va1ue if performed under conもrolled1abora'もoryc佃 di討01lB， whe1'6 maximum infection of p1an加 i固めもain<:ld. Following experimen'旬 wererecorded from some of ぬeavailab1e fungicid倒 intheir prev侃色ive剖もi佃 agai田も抗1eぽ踊me1eaf 叩O~ (Hel-1.ninthostQTiut.n oTyzae) ou色拘b閃a位ku吻po佃n抑色 c叩u1t机加伽u叩l1'吋 rice pla阻n旬.I. Materials and Methods Thirも，eenfungicides wereもes加d: deta.iled infoπn剖iOIlB舗も0もhe岡山ceand ing-redien'旬 ofsome fungicili卵胞dもhefungus (H elt.ninthostoTint.n OT yzae) a1'6 1'6Ier1'6d も0も】16previou8 report.4) 仇hersa1'6 li同edbe10w: Product Active i噌redient Man¥lfacturer Co?per ar由enate Cu 20% Nipp佃 Nδ，yakuE陶剖ccOj)per Cu 5% Sanyk，δNdyaku 1.0曹団pper Cu-3% 03hima Kagaku D~y: lime oulphur Nippon Nδ'yaku Two句碑8of p1阻胸 wereu唱団.edfor色hecompa.riBOn， name1y， もhes伺 dling阻 dthe mo1'6 matu1'6d rice p1阻包. For y凹 ngrice紛edlin伊， 的eriuzedseeds wcreωwn in 伊lv晶nizediron po旬 16cm. in diame旬r阻 d21 cm. d伺 p，and cu1tivaもedunder p晶ddyConditiOIlB. When色hep1an主swe1'6 from 15もo20 cm. tal， もhe由ゅ usua11ya抗ainedaf加r3もo4w伺 k司，色heywere ready fo1' u防 h 古heexperimen包. Maもuredrice p1臨加 werea1ωpr句品開din ga1v岨，izedpoωby trallBpJ阻:tingtwo uniform目的d1ingp1町加もoa. poも阻，dallowedぬ佃1もom幼U同討Ijust priorも0もheappear8回eofぬeinflo醐 cence. on each p1anも舗もhθtimeof古hee:却<:lriIn旬、古hreefully e司阻dedyong b1ades W6reω，100加d阻 dぬere院もrimmedof. SoIu世onsof色。鍋 fungicideswe1'6 prepa1'6d as p1'6scribed byもhema.kers and were sprayed uponp1阻飽附 ona ro古川ingp1凶form，using' a pi同01atmizer connec加dも01) Former staff of theδhara Institute. and l10W the chief of the Research Division ぽ U. S. Military Hydropanic Farm in O1su. Shiga PrefectuT・e.2) Farmer member of the -Ohara Institute. and now the chief plant pathologist in the Kocni Prefectural Agricultural Expe.lment Station. 3) Former member of the Ohara Institute. and n:>明 theplant patholglst of Okayama Tobacco E勾erimentStation of the ]apauese MαJOpoly COI'J.orati似 1めY.NUIlCADIl， T. NAKAYAMA， and 'J. MIYAWAKI， Studies on the methods for testing the effe::tiveness. 1. The use of sl[de gla自由回 as a medium for testing sprly materi-als. Ber. d.δhara Inst. f. Landw. Forsch. IX: 3:317・328，1951*Invωtigation undertaken by the Grant in Aid for Science R国自arch from the Ministry of Educatirn. 378 Y. NISIIUJ)O， T. NAKAYA~1A， Y. MIYAWAKI and S. O調 IMA:Table 1. Outbr・akof S.asame Leaf Spot on Seedllng and Matured Rlce Plants a・Aff・ctedby Spraylng Varlous Concentratlons of Dlff・r-entFunglcldes. Seedling I Matured plant Fungicide C叩 3eI1t印刷/Average mark C佃畑t叫佃 /Averagemark 1.0 % 1 0.44 I 0.8 % I 0.87 Bordeaux I 0.5 I 0.69 I 0.4 I 0.87 mixture I 0.25 I 0.79 I 0.2 . I 0.87 0.125 I 0.98 I 0.05O.96 -l-I 0.811皿Sao 1 1 1 O.4 l' 1.09 Bordeaux I - I - I 0.2 I 1.13 - I O.師 、 1.191.0 I 1.19 I 0.8 I 0.88 。do I 2'~_ I ~.~~ I 2.~ I ~.!~ 0.2，5 I 1.20 I 0.2 I 1.13 0.125 I 1.61 I 0.051.29 • 1.0 I 0.86 I 0.8 I 1.14 Ka日sel I 0.5 I 0.92 I 0.4 I 1.23 Bordeaux I 0.25 I 1.08 I 0.2 I 1.43 0.125 I 1.12 I 0.05149 1.0 I 1.11 I 0.8 I 0.85 Kupdd 051mOA1.師0.25 I 1.45 I 0.2 I 1.54 0.125 I 1.670.051.73 1.0 I 1.37 一一Copper I 0.5 I 1.82 I - I -arsenate I 0.25 I 1.96 ー0.125 I 2.22 ー ー噌1.0 I 0.90 ーOrga凶c ・0.5 I 0.89 I - I -copper I 0.25 I 1.10 一一0.125 I ]，]51.0 I 0.92 一 一Low I 0.5 I 1.14 一copper I 0.25 I 1.40 一0.125 I 1.91 一1.0 I 2.31 I 0.8 I 1.16 C ，J，. d -. d 0.52.500.4132 ollOidiI1Jid I O:25 I 2:加 0.1 I 1.99 0.125 I 2.63- -1.0 I 2.19 I 0.8 I 1.57 Soid I ~~_ 1 ~.~? 1 2.~ 1 !.~ 0.25 I 2.45 I 0・1 I 1.98 0.125 . I 3.43 一 一1 0 I 2.49 I 0.8 I 2.ぴ7Larvadde ・05 I 2.10 I 0.4 I 1.85 0.25 I 228 I 0.1 I 2.ω 0.125 I 224 一 一1.0 228 I 0.8 I 1.31 Lime I 0.5 2.82 I 0.4 I 2.04 司IUlfur* I 0.25 I 3.05 I 0.1 I 2.18 0.125 3.93 一一1.0 I 3.07 . I 0.8 I 1.68 DTY、 o5 I 3.26 0.4 I 2.03 Lime sulfur I 0.25 I 3.25 I 0.1 I 2.39 0.125 I 299 一一事 Theconcentratioo io Baume degrees. Studies on the MethOds for Testing the Effeetiveness of Fungicides. 11. 379 a moもorddven air comp即日自or.All plan古田 weresprayed for 30日econd白川 12 rotaもio四.Su日pensionsof inocula~ing fungu日自pore日wereprepared by ligh七lyagHatingもhesmface ofもhecul七urein rice前raw decoc'~ion agar slan~日 wiもh a small amoun:G of sterile waもer. The concentra加d日uspel1日ionwas七henfilもered七hrougha layer of cheose cloもhand di1uもedもoa concer訪問tiongiving approxim抗ely30日poresもoa field of a micrωcope magnifiedもox 200. The inoculaMon w銅 madeby using similar equip-men古田制 WM10r日prayingfungicid白日.In recordingもhedegree日of infection occu.rring on仏0目的dlingplar訪日， each po七was taken鋪 awhole and七heresult exp向日呂edin toto. S七andardswi七hvalue日rangingfrom 0も04，もhehigher mark indica七inga gl'ea旬rinfec七ion， were selec'~ed from七hetre杭edgroup. There were from 4七o5 pe1'80ns maもchingeach poもも0もhe seも 8'~an­dards， and七heirvalues were averagedもobe used as七hefinal mark for七ha七po七.Onぬema'七ul'edplant， valuoo of 0七o5 wel'e considered for each of七hreeblades taking i凶oaccount七henum ber of leaf spoもaswoll as七he日izeof七hem. Whenever a value appearsもofal between '~he 七，wo 百七andard自， an appropri舗の frac'~ion was used もodeno胞もhein拘πnedia七ep酬もion. To facilit励。 accuracyin mal'king individual blade，前andardsof dried pl'e.出ervedleaves wi七hdifferenもdegreesof leaf spo七wereused，鎚 aguide. II. Experimental results Leaf spo~ development as affec'~ed by回prayingvariou日 coucelf~l'aMo田 of diffel'elt fungicide自 i日目ummarizedin 'l'able 1. A glance down七hecolumns wi七haverage mark for七hem前ul'edand s伺 dlingplan七group自由ow仏前七heBorde相互 mixもure日，tandsouもwi七h七helea前 ouもbreak. O~heで copper con七ainingfungicides followed， bu七 wi~h small difference唱 among七hem. Colloidinoid and 0-七hernon-copper fungicidos， onもhe o~her hand， did noも日howa.'l high a preven七iveac~ion. The '~endency of diffel'ence dueも0concentl'ation is a180 clearly brough七 ou~.A 前川is'七icalanalyses of Tablo 1 is given in Table 2. We filld on coppel' iungi司。ides，七hevariaもiondue七ofungicide， concentration and roplicabion highly signi-icant in boもhmaもuredand seedlIllg plan七日， wHh 七he excep~ion of 七heblade position on m柿uredplan的. Non-coppeI fungicide司 On'~he 0もherhand， showod significall七variallceof七heabove i~em自 only On ma'~ured pla日制， It is probablo from 七his， 七ha~ もhere are B~ill O'~her fac七orscon~ributing '~owal'd inconsiR'~ency of resul七日 from llon-copper fungici-des whe叫加的edon seed1ing rice plan~日.A co田 i凶encyof l'esults of experimer出 beもweenma七Ul'edaud seedling plan七s，com-pared on basi日 of 0.03 and 0.05 per cen七日 copper con~e凶， foで Bordeaux mixture， Odo， Ka筋。iBordeaux and Kupoid， are shown in Table 3. The copper COn七en七havingbeen referl'ed七o七heal1alysis shown in七hefirs'b l'eporb. The -bable show自七heChi squaTe values for each pair O'i fungicide tro~ùnenも highly 日ignifica凶， ranging hom 0.80 upward. Wiもhreference七ofungicides， iもcanbe concludod仙川 forproventing 8esame leaf回potof rice， Bordeaux mixtu開 aba concenbration of 0.05 per cen七willsuffice; and under cerbain cases， fnrbher diluもionis pαlBible・Othercopper preparations re・380 Y. Nl81XADIJ， T. NA臥 .YAMA，:Y. M1YAWAXl and S.õl!HI!l ~ .quiie a much higher concarr加前i∞8of betwe佃 0.5and 1.0‘per can旬 forωcuringa 目imiIarn調ult.Table 2 Mean Squar・InAnaly.，a. of Varlance of Funglclde. on Matur・dand s.・dlingRice Plants. CopP<'r fungicides Non-copper fungicides Source of Matured plants Seedllng冒 Matured plants SeedIings variatlon D・f.1Mean 8q D・f.'Mean sq Dι'Mean 8q D. f.' Mean sq Fungicide 3 1.405輔 6 2.525柿 3 '2邸 0・4 1.4:幻Conつentration 3 0551・* 3 1訓 5輔 2 3.953** 2 0.141 Blarle 2 0.0<>> 一 ー- 2 1501柑 一 一Replication 3 4.122** 4 1.160帥 3 1.製訓S議$ 3 1.170 Error 180 0.0794 126 00855 133 0.1735 50 1.2030 制 Fvalue of mean square exceed tabular 1% value. Tabl・3. Comparl.on of L・afSpot Outbr・akon Matured and S偶 dlingRlce Plant. Sprayed with Funglclde. at Conc・n針atlon.of 0.05 and 0.03 P.，r Cen~ Pure Copper. Fungicide ????， 。???????1.30 1.27 1.34 0.0150榊0.0594* 0.0282事005 per cer此 0.03 per ce四tM 拭刷uredμ a州S 州aω9伺1 I 0仏.宇71). 10.ω似輔Bordeaux mixhre 刷。Kassei Bordeaux Kupoid g.*事 Pvalues of Chi square excee~ 0.80 and 0.90， respectively. 11. Dlecueelon Fromぬ，eauthel'l experience and result;s ob愉inedfor 脚色ingもheeff伺もiven倒 offungicides on poもcul加redrice pl岨旬 again風船鍋meJeaf 8卵、 it w槌 found仏前払e 阪~dling pl阻旬 arenear equalIi sUI'table for e弓剤師mentalpurp<回且. One of泊。佃蹴阻dingadv岨ぬg句 of古he駒edlingplant週初仏前ぬ，eplan加 canbe prepared for U鴎 ina c侃np釘前ivelsho同志ime. In oort3In iI!8tanc倒 whereadditional replicati佃of胸旬 i日開quired，も0伊 ofぬeplanもcanbe clipped and reu紛ぬ，enew growぬもhaもwilI s∞u appear. The ~潟悩 have shownもha七 Bordeaux mixもureexhibi切da remarkable pro加的iveacti個略ainstぬeleaf旬。t. 1t appearsも，hatfor c句por隣国iもivedise舗08， BOl'deaux mix色ureshould be u鴎 dasもho前andardupon which 0もherp開paraもionsshould be cωn-pared， andぬ，0indicea他国 obtained日houldshowぬ，0immediaωpo切凶ialitiesof the ma加rialsbeing胸骨00. There shOuld alωacωmp阻.yfurther凶udiω0佃 sideringsuch effec旬晶画もheaging upon色hepl阻丸 particu]ar1runder various maもeologicalcondiもiODi自由舗もhepl組組 arenormaIly 8uh;jec加dもodurmg growぬ inもhefield. Studies on the Methodo for T舗tllgthe Effecth-er朗自 of Fungici!!也 1. 381 VI. SUrnnal'Y 1. Seedling and matured rice plan也 werecultured in galvanized iron po古田色obeu防dfor determining悦¥0 effectivsnE醐 ofvariou8 fungicid伺 agaillB色もheB倒ameleaf ・町蹴 causedby HelminthostOJ';um OJ'yz.ae. 日 was foundもhatboぬもyp倒 ofplan旬weTe equally suitable， b凶 from仙epf8Cもical戸inもofview， the勝。dlingplan也 weremore d倒 ired.2. ou協組di昭 pe-.fol'm阻 cew舗 obl田Brved佃 Bordeauxmixture. It.o eff朗色ive'conce凶rationw銅 0.25pel' c匂ltand 1倒. Othel' C句，pel' prepara~ions followed bu色re-quired a much higher COnc佃もrationsof 0.5 per ce凶 andupwal'd， and自Ihowedb凶s1ight diffe問nceamongも，hem.3. There was a clOfi抱 consi蜘 ncyof reBults of experim佃旬 betw伺 n艇均dling阻 dmatured・plan加. Furthor application ofぬemeぬodsWI¥B di関 U問。d? ??? ， ，

Studies on the Methods for Testing the Effectiveness of Fungicides. II.The Use of Pot Cultured Rice Plants for Testing Spray Materials against Helminthostorium Oryzae Infection.*

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