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Hybrid Progenies Virulent to Wheat and Agropyron Derived from a Cross Between Barley Mildew Isolates (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. hordei)

Abstract

イネ科植物うどんこ病菌(Erysiphe graminis DC.)はコムギ、オオムギ、カモジグサ、ライムギなど多くのイネ科植物に寄生するが、それぞれの菌は宿主特異性によっていくつかのformae specialesに分化しており、例えば、オオムギうどんこ病菌はオオムギ属以外の植物には感染しないといわている。しかしながら、Cherewickはイネ科植物うどんこ病菌について、元々の宿主とは異なる植物に接触する交互接種を試み、カモジグから分離したうどんこ病菌がコムギを犯す事例を見出した。またHardisonはいろいろなイネ科植物から分離したうどんこ病菌を用いて多くの交互接種を行った結果、ほとんどの菌株は2つあるいはそれ以上の属の植物に病原性を持っていることを認めた。さらに、日浦および日浦と部田はコムギうどんこ病菌とカモジグサうどんこ病菌の種間交雑によって得られた後代から、コムギあるいはカモジグサのいずれかに病原性を持つ菌株はもちろん、コムギとカモジグサの両方に病原性を持つ新しい菌株も容易に作れることを報告した。一方、これらの分化型の中にはそれぞれの宿主の品種あるいは系統に対して病原性の異なる多くのphysiologic raceが分化しており、それらの宿主-病原関係には、いわゆるgene for gene仮設が適合すると考えられている。しかしながら、部田はオオムギうどんこ病菌抵抗性遺伝子JMlsnに対して病原性のない菌株h9とH14の交雑後代からJMlsnに病原性のある菌株を作出した。これらの事実はうどんこ病における宿主-病原菌の相互作用が単純な主働遺伝子によるgene for gene仮設では説明し切れないことを示しており、このような非病原性菌株間の交雑後代から病原性のある菌株が脈生する遺伝的な機構を解明することは、うどんこ病抵抗性育種を進める上でも極めて重要であると思われる。Repeated selection and hybridization among progeny isolates derived from a cross between two strains of barley mildew originally avirulent to wheat and Agropyron has given rise to isolates virulent on those plants. Barley mildew isolates h9 and Hna were hybridized on a susceptible barley host Kuromugi 148 to produce perithecia. After meiosis a number of haploid ascospores developed in the diploid perithecium. The resulting ascospores were inoculated onto Kuromugi 148 to develop conidiospores. Conidiospores sampled from 100 disease lesions were separately inoculated onto 100 seedligs of Kuromugi 148 and single conidiospores collected from each seedling were individually inoculated onto 100 seedlings of Kuromugi 148 to establish 100 progeny isolates. For evaluating pathogenicity of the isolates, conidiospores sampled from each isolate were inoculated onto 100 seedlings each of wheat cultivars Norin 52 and Norin 61, Agropyron Ag. E. e. and Ag. S. 4. The most virulent among the 100 isolates were selected and hybridized again on Kuromugi 148 to produce the next generation. This cycle of hybridization and selection was repeated four times. In the first generation, which was not subjected to selection, most of the isolates showed no or very weak growth on the non-host wheat and Agropyron plants. In the second generation which was derived from hybridization between the most virulent isolates of the first generation, some of the progenies showed weak virulence on the whear or Agropyron plants. In the succeeding generations the degree of virulence on the wheat or Agropyron plants increased gradually in response to selection. After four cycles of hybridization and selection some isolates developed highly virulent symptoms on the originally resistant wheat and Agropyron non-host plants. This increased virulence on wheat and Agropyron plants may be due to the recombination and segregation of minor genes promoting virulence derived from the parents h9 and Hna which were originally avirulent on both wheat and Agropyron. Our results indicate that new virulent mildew isolates may develop in nature after hybridization between two avirulent isolates

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