Almost all the umbilical lymphocytes showed more extensive blast cell formation
than that of their mother's lymphocytes with PHA. Pathological conditions of mother in pregnancy and labor such as anemia, gestational toxicosis,
difficult labor and asphyxia of babies, inhibited the normal response of both maternal and umbilical lymphocytes to PHA.</p

Hamamoto, E.

Hirai, S.

Inaba, M.

Kitamura, I.

Sato, A.

English

Okayama University Scientific Achievement Repository

Acta Medica OkayamaVolume 19, Issue 2 1965 Article 1APRIL 1965Phytohaemagglutinin on maternal andumbilical leukocytesE. Hamamoto∗ I. Kitamura† A. Sato‡M. Inaba∗∗ S. Hirai††∗Okayama University,†Okayama University,‡Okayama University,∗∗Okayama University,††Okayama University,Copyright c©1999 OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL. All rights reserved.Phytohaemagglutinin on maternal andumbilical leukocytes∗E. Hamamoto, I. Kitamura, A. Sato, M. Inaba, and S. HiraiAbstractAlmost all the umbilical lymphocytes showed more extensive blast cell formation than that oftheir mother’s lymphocytes with PHA. Pathological conditions of mother in pregnancy and laborsuch as anemia, gestational toxicosis, difficult labor and asphyxia of babies, inhibited the normalresponse of both maternal and umbilical lymphocytes to PHA.∗PMID: 4221943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Copyright c©OKAYAMA UNIVERSITYMEDICAL SCHOOLActa Med. Okayama 19, 55 - 58 (1965)PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ ON MATERNAL ANDUMBILICAL LEUCOCYTESE. HAMAMOTO, 1. KITAMURA, A. SATO, M. lNABA,and S. HIRAIDepartment of Pediatrics, Okayama University Medical School,Okayama, JapanReceived for publication, March 25, 1961Constituents in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) that shows a mitogenic activityon human peripheral lymphocytes are protein, and lymphocytes stimulated withPHA produce gamma-globulin in vitro2• However, one cannot hastily concludethat this response is a specific immune response2- 6• It might be realized thatfetal and new-born babies have not been sensitized with beans as a compo-nent of their diet except the transplacental sensitization. In this connection, com-parative exami~ations on fetal, umbilical and adult leucocytes were carried out6about their responsibility to PHA, but these materials had been employed fromat-random persons.From immunological point of view SMITH7 pointed out that fetal and neo-natal ones can show a quantitatively identical response to some antigen as in thecase of adults.This preliminary report presents the comparison of the blast cell formationbetween the maternal and her umbilical blood leucocytes after 72 hours' cultiva-tion with PHA. Our special interest in this report is placed on the questionwhether maternal lymphocytes would be stimulated more significantly than herbabie's umbilical lymphocytes and whether there would be any physiolgical con-ditions which influence the mitotic activity of PHA on leucocytes.METHODSHeparinized maternal blood was drawn at the second stage of the labor, onthe other hand, heparinized umbilical blood. was directly from the umbilicalvessels immediatly after its cutting. To avoid any non-physiological procedure,both heparinized maternal and umbilical blood was kept at 37°C for 2 hours toallow red cell sedimentaion without addition of any substance. In the latter casea centrifugation was performed as a low sedimentation rate had been noticed.The leucocytes containing plama were separated, counted, followed by additionof PHA, 0 .06 ml per 1 ml of each plasma. Both the experimental leucocytesand the control without PHA, were kept at 37°C for 10 min., then 2 ml ofMedium 199 were added to each 1 ml of the plasma, transferred into culture551Hamamoto et al.: Phytohaemagglutinin on maternal and umbilical leukocytesProduced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 196556 E. I-tAMAMOTO, 1. KITAMURA, A. SATO, M. INABA, and S. HIRAIbottles (TD-50: Ikemoto Co.) and incubated at 37°C. After 72-hour cultivation,smears of the cell deposit in the cultures were stained with May-Giemsa stainand the proportion of blast-like cells was determined.80_ .aternal lwcocyte70 c=:::J Ullb111cal lwcoc1te605040~o2010cas. 1 ca•• 2 ca•• JFig. 1 Comparative blast-cell transformation ofboth maternal and umbilical' leucocyteswith P. H. A.RESULTSIn 22 pairs of the specimensemployed 3 pairs were calculated inblast cell formation, since quantita-tively the same number of leucocyteswas used in each pair of maternaland umbilical lymphocytes and nopathological findings were foundthroughout their pregnancies andlabors (Fig. 1).The per cent of blast cell forma-tion from the umbilical lymphocyteswere obviously higher than that oftheir mother's. The results arrangedin their experiences during pregnan-cies and labors are shown in Fig. 2.It is presumed that any abnormalfindings such as anemia, gestationalp p , • p • • • • )) p .p p p • • • • • • • •a.ra.C.Catat ••• ! ••• r.!2650 '400 "50 2850 HOO 2'50 2800 ')00 2750 4250 '100 '100 2650 "00 H50 '200 2950 )000 '400 2450 '250· ·.III II t I II· ·.·. .·. . . . +.· ·+·.... lo.or (I)ooz.o1«htditt. lo.or (2)oopb,rzi0patoa:'"an••i.:;:Oi~j obno~)40'0120i 101020'040• • I! 5016070(I) pI pri8iparo II ..IUpan(2) o.norMll)' prolOftllld lo.or(,) 1nlaretion DC placenta(4) Houotrol ondl or 5-oZTtoc1n80""Fig. 2 Comparative blast-cell transformation of both maternal and umbilical leucocytes wiih P.H.A.2Acta Medica Okayama, Vol. 19 [1965], Iss. 2, Art. 1http://escholarship.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/amo/vol19/iss2/1PHA on Maternal and Umbilical LeucocyteS 57toxicosis, difficult labor and asphyxia had a much inhibitory effect on the normalresponse with PHA. No distinct relationship between the abnormal response toPHA and numbers of her labors, sex of new-bnrn babies, babie's weight,placental infarction and the drugs so far administered in her terminal graviditywas revealed.DISCU:3SIONMechanism of the mitogenic action of PHA has been discussed mainly intwo different ways, i. e., as the primary8. or the secondary responseS- lO to theantigen correlated with the antibody formation, and non-immunological res-ponse2- 1l•In these, the response has been explained as delayed hypersensitivity8.9. Ifthis is the case, the results of this report may correspond the experience thatBCG is well taken by even new born babies.On the contrary, one can suspect that human leucocytes have a geneticallyspecific character of reacting to PHA, such as those animals that have beenproved to show equally this response although they could not have eaten beans9•However, the possibility should not be neglected that some component(s)can transplacentally, sensitize the fetal lymphocytes, since the molecular weightof PHA is 128, 000.Another possibility may be pointed out that a small quantity of the mother'sleucocytes having a responsibility to PHA would have passed through the pla-centa into fetal circulation and these small numbers of primed cells make thefetal lymphocytes sensitive11,l2.No conceivable interpretation can be given about the fact that the umbilicallymphocytes respond to PHA more actively than mothet's lymphocytes, but itnevertheless should be noticed that umbilical lymphocytes have enough potencyto react with some protein and become blast-like cells which are involved in theantibody formation if it is possible.Furthermore, it should be emphasized that the abnormality of the preg-nancy and the labor would be harmful to a new born life concerning not onlywith the immunological but with the trophic1:i defect of their lymphocytes.SUMMARYAlmost all the umbilical lymphocytes showed more extensive blast cell for-mation than that of their mother's lymphocytes with PHA. Pathological condi-tions of mother in pregnancy and labor such as anemia, gestational toxicosis,difficult labor and asphyxia of babies, inhibited the normal response of bothmaternal and umbilical lymphocytes to PHA.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe are grateful to Dr. Saburo Kitamura for procuring blood specimens.3Hamamoto et al.: Phytohaemagglutinin on maternal and umbilical leukocytesProduced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 196558 E. HAMAMOTO, 1. K.ITAMURA, A. SATO, M. iNABA, and S. HIRAIREFERENCES1. RIGAS, D. A., and JOHNSON, E. A.: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 113, 800 19642. HIRSCHHORN, K., BACH, F., and KOLODNY, R. L.: Science, 142, 1185 19633. CoWLING, D.C., QUAGLINO, D., and DAVIDSON, E.: Lancet, 2, 1091 19634. GRASBECK, R., NORDMAN, C. T., and CHAPELLE. A. Dc La.: Acta Med. Scand. 175suppl. 412, 39 19645. TAO, TIEN- Wen.: Science, 146, 247 19646. LINDAHL-KIESSLING, K, and BooK, J A.: Lancet, 2, 591 196i7. SMITH, R. T., and EITZMAN, D. V.: Pediatrics, 33, 163 19648. SPEIRS, R, S.,: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 113, 819 19649. SCHREK, R., and STEFANI, S. S.: Fed. Proc. 22, 428 196310. ELVES, M. W., and ROATH, S., Israels M. C. G.: Lancet, 2, 806 196411. MANNICK, J. A., and EGDAHL, R. H.: Science, 137, 976 196212. DUTTON, R. W., and;HARRIS, G.: Nature, 197, 608 196313. LOUTIT, J. F.: Lancet, 2, 1106 19624Acta Medica Okayama, Vol. 19 [1965], Iss. 2, Art. 1http://escholarship.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/amo/vol19/iss2/1

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Phytohaemagglutinin on maternal and umbilical leukocytes

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Phytohaemagglutinin on maternal and umbilical leukocytes

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