Nguyen, Huu Ngu

English

Okayama University Scientific Achievement Repository

 氏     名 授 与 し た 学 位 専攻分野の名称 学 位 授 与 番 号 学位授与の日付 学位授与の要件  学位論文の題目   論 文 審 査 委 員 NGUYEN HUU NGU 博 士 環境学 博甲第４１６６号 平成２２年 ３月２５日 環境学研究科 社会基盤環境学専攻 （学位規則第５条第１項該当） Transition of natural resource management and the impacts on livelihood in Tam Giang Lagoon, Vietnam （ベトナムのタムジャンラグーンにおける自然資源管理の変化と生業への影響）准教授 金 枓哲   教授 品部 義博   教授 市南 文一  学位論文内容の要旨  This research has expounded the role of traditional fishermen communities in resource management in Tam Giang Lagoon, Central Vietnam and recent changes resulted from shrimp aquaculture development and land allocation policy. The research showed that under the Nguyen dynasty and the French protectorate period, though the “Van”, a community of fishermen in Tam Giang Lagoon, functioned as autonomous communities, from an administrative point of view they were regarded as part of the nearby villages. However, the “Van” has been self-adjusted by its members to manage and exploit fisheries resource of the lagoon. The lagoon’s resource management in this period was a community based process. The government used the “Van” as a nucleus with which to manage the lagoon’s resources. During the time of the Vietnam war, the lagoon’s resource management changed to incorporate a role for the winner at the auction, considered as a capitalistic form. Nevertheless, it still relied on the “Van” communities to manage and exploit the resources. During the period of cooperative development between 1975 and at the end of 1980s, the members of each “Van” had to join agricultural cooperatives, considered as a socialistic form.  With the implementation of the “Doi Moi” policy in 1986, the issue of land use right to households beginning in 1993, and the consequent introduction of shrimp aquaculture since 1999, the water surface of Tam Giang Lagoon, which used to be an open access common resource, has been allocated to households and exclusively exploited mainly for shrimp aquaculture. The individual households became main subjects in order to manage and use the lagoon’s resources. The role of community in the process of natural resource management in Tam Giang Lagoon has been replaced by the individual households. The privatization of use and management of the lagoon’s resources was one of the major reasons for the overexploitation of fisheries resources due to increase in number of participants, and led to the marginalization of the “Sampan” people, who still rely heavily on natural resources in the lagoon for their livelihood. This research revealed that poverty situation in Tam Giang Lagoon was not merely a matter of low income, as indicated by the Vietnamese Government, but a matter of multifaceted factors, incorporating a lack of productive resources such as labour force and credit capabilities and improper allocation of arable lands and water surface area for aquacultural purpose. It was difficult for the poor groups to escape from the vicious circle of poverty, due to a lack of main labour forces, an unstable income and many dependants. Moreover, low education was a major obstacle for the poor households, because they did not have the knowledge to approach new techniques and skills in shrimp aquaculture, as well as to adapt to the market system. Currently, the “Sampan” people were not the main subject in the lagoon’s resource use and management as they have ever done. The “Sampan” people lost the common grounds because they did not enough financial ability to change their livelihood into shrimp/fish aquaculture. Meanwhile, the resource user of other groups continues to use the legalized lagoon’s water surface, which could result in a high income. Due to this change, the “Sampan” people, who have been engaged in only fishery in Tam Giang Lagoon, have changed their position in the community from the greatest beneficiaries to those of sacrifices. Now, the poorest people/the loser in this area are those who engage in mobile gear fishing, the “Sampan” people.  論文審査結果の要旨  本論文は、伝統的な漁業集落（Van と呼ばれる水上生活者の緩やかな形での集落）によるラグーンの資源管理機能に着目し、その漁業集落による資源管理機能の変化を明らかにし、対象地域における資源管理システムの消失と環境問題の原因が近年のエビ養殖の拡大と水面資源の私有化であることを突き止めている。さらに、タムジャンラグーンの漁業資源がグロバールなフードシステムに包摂される中で、急速に拡大したエビ養殖とそれを後押しした水面資源の私有化政策により、地域住民の生業による階層分解が生じていることも明らかにしている。このような生業による階層分解の結果、従来からの資源の利用者であり管理者でもあった水上生活者（Sampan）が資源の利用から排除され、最大の被害者となり、最下層の貧困層をなしていることを明らかにした。 中部ベトナムのタムジャンラグーンは東南アジアにおける最大のラグーンであり、ベトナム政府もタムジャンラグーンの養殖産業を戦略的な開発部門に位置づけているが、当地域の資源管理に関する研究は甚だ不十分といわざるを得ない。こうした状況で、グエン王朝、フランス占領期、南ベトナム政権下の資本主義時代、そして1975年以降の社会主義革命に伴う集団農場化の時期にも、ラグーンの資源管理の主体は伝統的な漁業集落であったが、近年その管理機能が低下し、環境問題の引き金となっていることを立証した本論文は、共有資源の私有化による管理の限界を指摘し、コミュニティによる資源管理の重要性と有効性を裏付けたものと言える。 以上、本研究で得られた成果は、研究対象地域のタムジャンラグーンのみでなく、近年、様々な環境問題と社会階層間の格差が生じている東南アジアの沿岸地域全般において、コミュニティによる共有資源の管理とそれによる環境問題の抑制といった新たな視点を与えるものと評価できる。よって、本論文が博士（環境学）の学位論文に値すると認定する。

ベトナムのタムジャンラグーンにおける自然資源管理の変化と生業への影響

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Okayama University Scientific Achievement Repository

Okayama University Digital Information Repository