Diaporama d\u27une intervention au 32e congrès LIBER qui s\u27est tenu à Rome du 17 au 20 juin 2003. Analyse des coopérations possibles entre bibliothèques et centres de documentation en matière d\u27archive ouverte. Analyse des problèmes et enjeux techniques

Castelli, Donatella

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Bibliothèque numérique de l'enssib

Bibliothèque numérique de l’enssibCe document est « tous droits réservés ». Il est protégé par le droit d’auteur et le code de la propriété intellectuelle. Il est strictement interdit de le reproduire, dans sa forme ou son contenu, totalement ou partiellement, sans un accord écrit de son auteur.Open archive solutions to traditional archive/library cooperationCastellI, DonatellaIstI-CNRl’ensemble des documents mis en ligne par l’enssib sont accessibles à partir du site : http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/extending the network: libraries and their partners, 17 au 20 juin 200332e congrès lIBeRCastellI, Donatella. Open archive solutions to traditional archive/library cooperation. In 32nd LIBER Annual General Conference, Extending the network: libraries and their partners, Rome, du 17 au 20 juin 2003 [en ligne]. Format PDF.Disponible sur : <http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/notice-1191>32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Open archive solutions to traditional archive/library cooperationDonatella CastelliISTI-CNRPisa (Italy)castelli@isti.cnr.it32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Internet – digital objectsDigital archiveDigital library catalogueDigital doc repositoryDigital archive catalogueInternetHTTP protocolDigital video archiveData repositoriessearch service32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Cross-search and access servicesRequire the solution of different issues¾ technological ¾ organizational ¾ economical 32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Focus of this talkTechnological issues32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Most used technical solutions…Union cataloguesearchrecordrecordrecordrecordrecordrecordrecord32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Main problems¾ Scalability¾ Maintenability¾ One single metadata format 32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Most used technical solutions…Protocol Z39.50OPAC-AOPAC - BUser Interf. Client Z39.50Server  Z39.50Server Z39.50Museum-AMuseum- B32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Main problems¾ the data sources must support complex Z39.50 server software¾ considerable coordination is required to set up workable profiles¾ Z39.50 search does not scale32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata HarvestingCommon InterfaceArchive1Common InterfaceArchive2 ArchiveNCommon InterfaceData providersService providerssearch browseharvesterMetadata records32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Note: OAI terminology¾ Archive repository of digital information¾ Open archiverepository that provides a machine interface for making its content available to external services32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003HistorySanta Fe (New Mexico), July 1999 - Scientific communities that publish their pre-prints on electronic archives met together¾ ArXiv (Los Alamos National Laboratory Physics Archive -100.000 papers, 50.000 user daily)¾ CogPrints (University of Southampton - papers on Psychology)¾ NCSTRL (University of Cornell - papers on Computer Science from 120 Organizations)¾ NDLTD(electronic theses and dissertations)¾ RePEc (papers on Economics)32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003OAI Key Issues¾ To solve the problem of interoperability among the e-prints archives¾ Very simple, low-barrier to entry interface that could shift implementation complexity and operational processing load away from the archives32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003OAI information modelRecord DCRecord Format1Record Format2Record DCRecord DCnameURLadminEmailcompressiondescription…..namesetspecdescription….32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003OAI Metadata Harvesting Protocol ¾ Protocol requests– Identify– ListSets– ListMetadataFormats– ListRecords– ListIdentifiers– GetRecord¾ HTTP-embedded¾ XML response format32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Operational modelHarvesterArchiveListSetsListMetadata FormatsListRecord (set, format) Identify32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003ServicesHarvesterSelectiveHarvester(Aggregator)DC Search Format1 Search RecommenderTranformer32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003OAI compliant data and service providers¾ ≈ 120 archives have implemented OAI-PMH¾≈ 20 OAI compliant services already available– cross-archives search– recommendation– personalized  dissemination– etc.http://www.openarchives.org32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003OAI-PMH General purpose mechanism¾ Agnostic to assumptions about– type of content– economic model– intellectual property contraints– system of information flow– …¾ “Any organization offering networked access to information resources may find OAI-PMH a new way to make content available to a variety of innovation service provider”Clyfford Lynch, ARL 217, August 200132nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Use of OAI in the library domainOAI-PMH approach has been perceived by the library community, especially by the academic and scholarly library communities, as a promising approach that is capable of combining the best of library and Internet techniques into a wholly new model for accessing library resources32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Experimentation¾ Digital Library Federation ¾ Library of Congress – American Memory – Prints&Photograph Division Online Catalog¾ EU-funded projects–The European Library – MALVINE – LEAF32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Outcomes of the experimentation“The result of this experimentation has shown that the protocol was straightforward to implement and the harvesting traffic has no perceptive effect on the primary users of the American Memory project”DLF Evaluation of the OAI, 200132nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Use of OAI-PMH in the conventional archive domain¾ Many archive institutions have begun to aggregate their finding aids ¾ Behind libraries in understanding the potential and developing practical implementations for achieving interoperability¾ Cross-access through portals32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003ExperimentationFew conventional archives yet know about OAI-PMH and even fewer are using it¾ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA)¾ AIM25 (UK)¾ Bright Sparcs (Australia)¾ Access to Archives - A2A (UK)32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Outcomes of the experimentationUIUC investigated conversion from Encoded Archival Description (EAD) to Dublin Core ¾ difficult mainly because of inconsistency with which archivists have employed EAD¾ OAI records could possibly mitigate the encoding differences found between institutions and between the finding aids of different cataloguers¾barrier in exposing EAD description into Dublin Core when attempting to transfer the different EAD hierarchies32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Outcomes of the experimentation¾ UIUC suggests to  use OAI-PMH for fonds or collections level descriptions only- More simililarities of structure and approach at this level of description- Fonds level descriptions are not hierarchical -This approach may reduce concerns about possible loss of control of intellectual property rights in the catalogue data32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Lowering the barrier¾ For some organizations OAI-PMH is still “a too expensive barrier” lack of technical expertize size of collection does not justify the investement¾ Some organisations have technical problems ISP does not allow 3rd party software security considerations32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003OAI-PHM Static RepositoryPatrick Hochstenback, Henry Jerez and Herbert Van de Sompel,“The OAI-PMH Static Repository and Static Repository Gateway”JCDL, Houston, May 2003static repository 1http://an.oai.org/ma/mini.xmlstatic repository nhttp:// site1.org/mini/file1static repository 1http://an.oai.org/ma/mini.xmlstatic repository nhttp:// site1.org/mini/file1http://gateway.institution.org/oai/staticrepository gatewayhttp://gateway.institution.org/oai /site1.org/mini/file1http://gateway.institution.org/oai /an.oai.org/ma/mini.xmlstatic repository 1http://an.oai.org/ma/mini.xmlstatic repository nhttp:// site1.org/mini/file1http://gateway.institution.org/oai/staticrepository gatewayhttp://gateway.institution.org/oai /site1.org/mini/file1http://gateway.institution.org/oai /an.oai.org/ma/mini.xmlOAI-PMH harvesterOAI-PMHHTTPHTTP32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003OAI Static Repository early adopters¾ Open Language Archives (OLAC) Community ¾ Union Catalogues in Belgium, Brazil and United States¾ Institutions collaborating with the Digital Library Federation (DLF) and the National Science Digital Library (NSDL)32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Organizational issues¾ Intellectual Property Rights  ¾ Metadata formats and vocabularies¾ Metadata quality¾ …32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Economical issues¾ Cost of adoption¾ Business models – within the same domain remote access to finding aids access to the originals digitization on demand – interoperability with other domains portals to resources of different institutions32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Conclusions¾ Many domains push the open archives approach as a mean for promoting their holdings¾ The metadata harvesting is a scalable solution for easily implementing this approach¾ The OAI-PMH is a general technical solution that applies to many different domains¾ The realization of the open archive approach now depends on the solution of organizational and economical issues32nd LIBER Annual General Conference - Rome, 17-21 June 2003Some References“Open Access to Hidden Resources” –Proc. 2nd Open Archives Forum Workshop, Lisbon, Dec.2002 “How Real Archivists can learn to love OAI”by George MacKenzie and Goran Kristiansson http:// www.oaforum.org

Open Access to Hidden Resources” –

Open archive solutions to traditional archive/library cooperation

http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/document-1191

Open archive solutions to traditional archive/library cooperation

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