Wurm, S. A.

English

The Australian National University

PACIFIC LINGUISTICS D -11 LANGUAGE MAPS OF THE HIGHLANDS PROVINCES, PAPUA NEW GUINEA edited by S.A. Wurm Out of print book Electronic copy or book copied by Pacific Linguistics RSPAS, Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Wurm, S.A. editor. Language maps of the highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea. D-11, iv + 24 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1978.   DOI:10.15144/PL-D11.cover ©1978 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s).  Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL.  A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published through the Lingui�tie Ci4ete 06 Canbe44a and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS S ERI ES C - BOOKS SERIES 0 - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS EDITOR: S.A. Wurm. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock. C.L. Voorhoeve. D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton. EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B. Bender, University of Hawaii D. Bradley, Australian National University A. Capell, University of Sydney S. Elbert, University of Hawaii K. Franklin. Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W. Glover, Summer Institute of Linguistics G. Grace. University of Hawaii M.A.K. Halliday, University of Sydney A. Healey, Summer Institute of Linguistics L. Hercus, Australian National University N.D. Liem, University of Hawaii J. Lynch, University of Papua New Guinea K.A. McElhanon. University of Texas H. McKaughan, University of Hawaii P. KUhlhHusler, Technische Universit�t Berlin G.N. O'Grady, University of Victoria, B.C. K. Pike, University of Michigan; Summer Institute of Linguistics E.C. Polome, University of Texas E. Uhlenbeck, University of ' Lei den J.W.M. Verhaar, University of Indonesia, Jakarta ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACI FI C LI NGUISTI CS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary, PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics, School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600. Australia. Copyright (§) The Authors. First published 1978. The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library or Australia Card Number and ISBN 0 85883 171 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE 1 NOTES ON THE MAPS INC LUDE D IN THIS PUBLICATION 3 A) Languages Separated Geograp h icall y by Uninhabited Area 3 B) M ixed Borders q BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 LEGEND: LANGUAGES OF THE HIGHLANDS PROVINCES, PAPUA NEW GUINEA LANGUAGES OF THE HIGHLANDS PROVINCES, PAPUA NEW GUINEA (overall map) LANGUAGES: EASTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA LANGUAGES: CHIMBU PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA LANGUAGES: WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA LANGUAGES: ENGA PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA LANGUAGES: SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE, PAPUA NE"ri GUINEA iii j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j Wurm, S.A. editor. Language maps of the highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea. D-11, iv + 24 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1978.   DOI:10.15144/PL-D11.cover ©1978 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s).  Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL.  A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.PREFACE The language maps of the Highlands Provinces of Papua New Guinea contained in this publication are based on detailed materials and information provided by P. Brennan (Enga Province), K. Franklin (Southern Highlands Province), A. Stucky (Western Highlands Province, in collaboration with other members of the Summer Institute of.Lin­guistics, New Guinea Branch), G. Bunn and B. Irwin (Chimbu Province, in collaboration with other members of the Summer Institute of Lin­guistics, New Guinea Branch), and.R. Brown and G. Scott (Eastern Highlands Province). With the exception of P. Brennan, all the persons named are members of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, New Guinea Branch. In addition to the map information, the persons named and through them, others contacted by them, provided the editor with con­siderable details on the language affiliations of villages and census units in the Highlands Provinces. Information concerning the Western Highlands Province was also provided by Marie Reay of the Department of Anthropology and Sociology, of the Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. The editor wishes to express his thanks to all the persons concerned for their valuable assistance and co-operation in this undertaking. The editor also wishes to express his thanks to the Department of Human Geography of the Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, for its excellent co-operation in making its cartographic facilities available. Most especially he wants to thank the excellent cartographers themselves, in particular Val Lyon (on secondment from the cartographic section of the Department of Geography, School of General Studies, Australian National University) and T. Baumann, who spent many hours. in producing the maps, with H. Gunther giving valuable advice and alotting the various tasks in a most efficient manner. I Wurm, S.A. editor. Language maps of the highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea. D-11, iv + 24 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1978.   DOI:10.15144/PL-D11.1 ©1978 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s).  Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL.  A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.2 Information for the maps was also drawn from relevant publications, largely numbers of Paci6ic Lingui4tic4, such,as Wurm 1961 and chapters in Wurm, ed. 1975. Tonson 1976 proved to be a valuable source of details on the language situation of the area which it covers. The present maps provide up-to-date, detailed information on the distribution of languages and language groups in the five Highlands Provinces of Papua New Guinea. The information provided on them con­stitutes a very considerable updating of that information presented on the editor's earlier map of the languages of the Highlands (Wurm 1961). Since the publication of that map there have been great advances in our knowledge of the language distribution and classification in the area concerned, and our knowledge of the topography of the area has also improved to a great extent • .  Nevertheless, it has to be kept in mind that the Highlands areas were among the first parts of PaJ;>ua New Guinea for which detailed language maps were published already as early as the early sixties, at a time at which information, especially in published form, on the language distribution in most other parts of Papua .New Guinea was very sketchy at best, with our knowledge of the classification and grouping of the languages involved in its early infancy, or for quite a few areas virtually non-existent. In the light of this J the differences b.etween Wurm's 1961 map and the present maps appear relatively minor when compared with the differences, in other areas, between a near-total or total biank in the early sixties and our detailed knowledge of today, as presented in compendium form in Wurm, ed. 1975, and Wurm, ed. 1976. Most, in fact.almost all, of this spectacular progress in our knowledge has resulted from the intensive research work undertaken in Papua New Guinea by members of the Department of Linguistics in the Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, the work carried out by members of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, New Guinea Branch, and the close co-operation between these two bodies over many years. The editor wishes to record his thanks to the Research \ . School of Pacific Studies and the Australian National University for their long-standing support of the research activities of his Department, and wishes to express his thanks .to the Summer Institute of Linguistics, New Guinea Branch, for their long and fruitful co-operation with his Department in linguistic research in Papua New Guinea. The maps presented in this publication constitute the first step towards a Language and Village Checklist of the Highlands Provinces which is planned to appear in Series B of Paci6ic Ungui.s:tiu. Similar Checklists have already been published in Paci6ic Lingui.s:tic.s on the Sepik Provinces (Laycock 1973), Central and South-East Mainland Papua (Dutton 1973), the Madang Province (Z'graggen 1975), Irian Jaya (Voorhoeve 1975), and one for the Morobe Province is in preparation (McElhanon, forthcoming). 3 Seeing that the preparation of the extensive materials to be in­cluded in the Language and Village Checklist of the Highlands Provinces is expected to take some considerable time, it was felt that making the maps available to the public prior to the appearance of the Checklist itself, would be of value seeing that they provide up-to-date detailed information on the language distribution in the Highlands Provinces and thus fill a serious gap in the existing literature • . It is envisaged that the language maps of the Highlands Provinces will be included in the Checklist in a different, more detailed form which will provide information on village locations and other matters of relevance to a language and village checklist such as census divi­sion boundaries. S.A. Wurm March 1978 NOTES ON THE MAPS INCLUDED IN THIS PUBLICATION Detailed legends have been included with the maps in this publi-cation, on the maps themselves and sep arately. They are self-explana­tory. The readers' attention is however drawn specifically to two points: A} Languages Separated Geographically by Uninhabited Area When two or more languages are geographically separated from each other by an uninhabited area, their borders on both sides of the uninhabited area have been shown on the maps as the same as they would be if the languages were adjoining each other. Example: a language situated on one side of an uninhabited area faces two languages across that area, one of them a member of the same family to which it belongs, and the other a member of a different stock within the same phylum. In .such a c ase, that portion of the border of the first of the three languages named which is directly opposite. the member of its own family, constitutes a 'language border'. However, that portion of its border which is directly opposite the member of the other stock, is shown as a 'stock border'. 4 B) Mixed Borders In a number of instances, the exact classificatory status of lan­guages is controversial. A number of the Highlands communalects are on the border of being related to their neighbours on the dialect or language levels. These situations have been indicated on the maps through language borders which constitute a mixture of dialect and language borders. This type of mixed border has been listed in the legends. However, there are a rew other instances calling for indication through mixed borders. So for instance, Z'graggen (1971) regards Gants as a member language of the Kalam Family, whereas Tonson (1976) believes that it belongs to a different stoc� outside the stock into which he includes Kalam. This as yet unresolved controversy has been indicated on the map through separating Gants from Kalam through a border which is composed of elements of the language and stock borders. Similarly, the status of Waibuk, Aramo, Pinai and Wapi is in doubt. Tonson (1976) includes the f irst two into a family which he regards as belonging to the same stock as the Kalam Family within the Trans-New Guinea Phylum� Laycock, in Laycock and Z'graggen 1975, includes them, along with Pinai, into a stock-level family member of the Sepik-Ramu Phylum. Additional information kindly made available by Paul Brennan on Pinai has been inadequate for resolving the issue, but has demon­strated that Pinai stands somewhat apart from Waibuk and Aramo, though being apparently related to them, and that Wapi appears to be related to Pinai, though not very closely. Until more information becomes available on the structure of the languages involved (most of the extant information is lexical in nature), the controversy remains un­resolved. In view of this, the relevant borders of these languages have been shown on the maps as mixtures of the border types which would apply if one or the other of the two possible classifications of the languages were correct, i. e. if they were members of the Trans-New Guinea Phylum, or alternatively, of the Sepik-Ramu Phylum, and question marks were placed against these borders. BIBLIOGRAPHY (PL s Paei6�c L�ngui4tic4) DUTTON, T. E • 1973 A Check!�4t 06 Language4 and P�e4ent-day V�!!age4 06 Cent�a! and So.uth-E44t MMn!and Papua. PL, B-2 4. LAYCOCK, D.C. 5 1973 Sep�k Language4 - Checkti4t and P�etim�na�y C!a44�6�cation. PL, B-25. LAYCOCK, D.C. and J. Z'GRAGGEN 1975 'The Sepik-Ramu Phylum'. In: Wurm, S.A., ed. 1975:731-63. McELHANON, K.A • . forth- The Language4 06 the Mo�obe P�ov�nce: Checkti4t, coming TONSON, J. 1976 C!a44�6�cat�on and F�e!d Gu�de. To be published in PL, B. 'The Languages of the Schrader Ranges'. Wo�kpape�4 �n Papua New Gu�nea Language4 16:91-112 . Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. VOORHOEVE, C. L • 1975 Language4 06 .h�an Jaya: Checkti4.t. P�e!�m�nMY C!au�6�­cat�on, Language Map4, Wo�dti4u. PL, B-31. WURM, S.A. 1961 Language Map 06 the Ea4te�n, We4te�n and Southe�n H�gh!and4, Te��to�y 06 Papua and New Guinea. PL, D-4 . WORM, S . A ., ed. 1975 NeW Gu�nea A�ea Language4 and Language Study, vol.l: Papuan Language4 and the New Gu�nea L�ngu�4tic Scene. PL, C-38.· 1976 NewGu�nea A�ea Language4 and Language Study, vo1.2 : AU4t�one4�an Language4. PL, C-39. Z'GRAGGEN, J. 1971 C!444�6�cato�y and Typo!og�ca! Stu�e4 �n Language4 06 the Madang V�t�ct. PL, c-19. 6 1975 The Language� 06 the Madang Oi4t�et, Papua New Guinea . . PL, B-41. LANGUAGES OF THE WGHLANDS PROVINCES, PAPUA NEW GUINEA • TRANS-NEW GUINEA PHYLUM "Listing Inromplete: Language area extends beyond area covered by maps. · _ .. _ .. -------.... r----------------,---------.,..---------------------,r------------- - - - - --T TEBERAN-PAWAIAN SUB-PHYLUM-LEVEL SUPER-STOCK I TEBERAN STOCK-LEVEL FAMILY TI DADIBI Tia MIKARU DADIBI DIALECT T l b ERA VE DADIBI DIALECT T2 PODOPA PAWAIAN A- ANGAN STOCK-STOCK-LEVEL LEVEL FAMILY ISOLATE Al BARUYA P I  PAWAIA A2 SIMBARI S ·SEPIK-RAMU PHYLUM • :_::-:  . .. .  SHI HEWA WA WAIBUK FAMILY? WAI WAiBUK WA2 ARAMO (may belong to the EAST NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS STOCK, TRANS-NEW GUINEA PHYLUM) I I EAST NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS STOCK (see separate sheet) C Ii"�ta 0 00000 0 CO CDI CO2 DCB CBI CB2 CID CB4 CBS - CENTRAL AND SOUTH NEW GUINEA-KUfUBUAN SUPER-STOCK *CENTRAL AND SOUTH NEW GUINEA STOCK DUNAFAMILY DUNA BOGAYA "BOSA VI FAMILY ETORO (DIALECT OFBEAMI) ONABASULU KALULI KASUA KWARE a AU AUI I K KUTUBUAN STOCK B EK EAST KUTUBU FAMILY EKI FOE EK2 LOWER FOE (FIWAGA) Ell] :::::: WK WESTKUTUBUFAMILY WKI FASU WK2 SOME WK3 NA!dUMJ -AUSTRONESIAN WAMPUR (III SPl P:NAI?) (_ SW1 WAPI?) (orWAIBUK FAMILY, EAST NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS STOCK, TRANS-NEW GUINEA PHYLUM?) Hierarchicalorder: Family (or Stock): capital letter (e_g_ E, EC, C); Languages: Arabic number (e_g. 1,2,3, etc.); Dialects: capital A, B, C, D, etc.; sub-dialects: lower case a, b, c, d, etc. ---------------------------------------------------------------��------------------------------------------------------ -----------� -- � E E.IIS'l'ERN FAMILY K KENATI FAMILY· E I  GADSUP·AGARABI LEI'ELISOLATE DIALECTS KI KENATI E I A  GADSUP DIALECTS EIAa GADSUP EIAb OYANA EIB AGARAJlI E2 USARUFA·AUY ANA DIALECTS E2A USARUFA E2B AUY ANA DIALECTS E2Ba AUYANA E2Bb KOSENA E l  AWA DIALECTS El. TAUNA Elb ILAKIA El< NORTIiEASTERN AWA E3d SOUTHERN AWA E4 TAIRORA ES BINUMARIEN E6 WAFFA E7 OWENA FIN/sTERR£ STOCK EC EilST.cEN7JCA.L FAMILY EC'I GENDE (BUNOI) EC'2 SlANE DIALECTS EC'2a KOMUNKU EC'2b ONO KOREIPA LAMBAU EO Y AMIYUFA (YABIYUFA) EC'4 GAHUKU·ASARO DIALECTS EC'4A ASARO EC4B GANUKU ECS BENABENA EC'6 KAMANO DIALECTS EC'6A KAMANQ EC'6B YATE DIALECTS EC'6Ba KANfTE EC6Bb KEIAGANA EC'6B< YATE EC'6C Y AGARIA DIALECTS EC6Ca KAMI·KULAKA EC6Cb COTOMI ECOC< OLOGUTI EC6Cd MOVE ECoc. DAGENAVA EC6Cf KAMATE EC6() HlRA EC6Ch HUVA EC1 FORE DIALECTS EC1. NORTIi FORE EC'7b CENTRAL FORE EOc sourn FORE ECS GIMI ABAGA (�ofthe FINJSTERRE STOCK. TRAN&NEW GUINEA PHYLUM. v.lr heavily inlIuenced byKAMANO) W WlRU FAMILY·LEI'EL ISOLATE KA XALAMFAMILY KAI KALAM WA WAIBUKFAMILY WAI WAISUK WI WIRU ICA2 KOBON WA2 ARAMO KA3 GANTS I , I ( • Sl'I'PINAJ?) (� SW1 WAP!?) (or SEPIK·RAMU PfIYLUM?) Hi_chicrd order: Family (or Stock): capital letter (e.g. B. Be, C); Languages:' Arabic number (e.g. I, Z. 3, etc.); Dialect;; capital A, B, C, D, etc.; JUb.dia1ects: lower cue., b. c, d. etc. __ I"'hylloltnbovnd.wry -=- SlIb.phyilim bovnda,.,. ____ S,od: bOvn<f.ry ______ F.mU.,. �ty Sub.I.m"y bound.wry L_"IIlUIVO bol,lndliry ()i.al.e1boundary Sub'<N� bovl'ldary CombtMttoft" of 'M bolo1�MJ'C$ liT.M OCC'IIT and indiot.QOn1t�  ._._ �.bound.aty LANGUAGES OF THE HIGHLANDS PROVINCES PAPUA NEW GUINEA Phylum boundary Sub-phylum boundary Stock boundary Stock boundary within Super-stock Family boundary Sub-family boundary Language boundary Dialect boundary Language or Dialect boundary (controversial) Sub-dialect boundary Combinations of the boundaries listed occur and indicate controversial boundaries ______ Province boundary o 20 40 , kilometres 60 , woni�fr A1 II . 11i1r Marawa�a LANGUAGES Eastern Highlands Province PNG 80 100 , o 20 ! ! ,I Mr. UDON �r\ 40 ! kilometres . KERIGOMNA / 60 , 80 ! 100 ! LANGUAGES Chimbu Province PNG Phylum boundary Sub-phylum boundary Stock boundary _.......... Stock boundary within Super-stock ----- Family boundary Sub-family boundary Language boundary Dialect boundary Language or Dialect boundary (controversial) Sub-dialect boundary Combinations of the boundaries listed occur and indicate controversial boundaries --- - -- Province boundary "­-o 20 I 40 I 60 I LANGUAGES Western Highlands Province PNG 80 I Phylum boundary Sub-phylum boundary Stock boundary •••••••••• •• Stock boundary within Super-stock ----- Family boundary Sub·family boundary Language boundary Dialect boundary Language or Dialect boundary (controversial) Sub-dialect boundary Combinations of the boundaries listed occur and indicate controversial boundaries • __ • __ Province boundary 100 kilometres I --Phylum boundary -��_= Sub-phylum boundary Stock boundary Stock boundary within Super-stock Family boundary Sub-family boundary Language boundary Dialect boundary Language or Dialect boundary (controversial) Sub-dialect boundary Combinations of the boundaries listed occur and indicate controversial boundaries • __ • -- Province boundary o I 20 40 I kilometres 60 I 80 I 100 I LANGUAGES Enga Province PNG -Phylum boundary Sub-phylum boundary ----- Stock boundary •••••••••••• Stock boundary within Super-stock ----- Family boundary Sub-family boundary Language boundary Dialect boundary Language Of Dialect boundary (controversial) Sub·dialect boundary Combination$ of the boundaries listed occur and indicate controversial boundaries ------ Province boundary o 20 LANGUAGES Southern Highlands Province PNG 40 60 80 100 kilometres Wurm, S.A. editor. Language maps of the highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea. D-11, iv + 24 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1978.   DOI:10.15144/PL-D11.1 ©1978 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s).  Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL.  A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.

Language maps of the highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea

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Language maps of the highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea

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