Frequencies of large carnivores and large herbivores and their interactions in the area of mid Dinarides

Abstract

Za opstanak velikih zvijeri, vuka, risa i mrkog medvjeda, potreban je veliki ţivotni prostor kojeg velike zvijeri na području Hrvatske nalaze na prostoru Dinarida. Velike zvijeri u ekološkim sustavima zauzimaju vrh hranidbene piramide kao predatori, čiji su glavni plijen veliki biljožderi, prvenstveno srna, jelen i divlja svinja. Primjenom automatskih kamera na odabranim lokacijama na podruĉju Gorskog kotara, sjevernog Velebita i Plitviĉkih jezera određena je relativna učestalost velikih zvijeri i velikih biljoždera. Analiza korištenja prostora i vremena aktivnosti velikih zvijeri i velikih biljoždera pridonosi uvidu u međuodnose velikih sisavaca. Na podruĉju Plitvičkih jezera bila je zabilježena najveća učestalost vuka, risa na podruĉju Gorskog kotara, a mrkog medvjeda na podruĉju sjevernog Velebita. Od velikih biljoždera na području Plitviĉkih jezera bila je zabilježena najveća učestalost srne i divlje svinje, a jelena na podruĉju Gorskog kotara. Na učestalost velikih zvijeri i velikih biljoždera na pojedinoj kategoriji mjesta utječe povezanost kategorije mjesta s načinom života. Velike zvijeri i veliki biljožderi najaktivniji su u rano jutarnjim i večernjim satima, dok je u podnevnim satima aktivnost smanjena, no uznemiravanja na staništu bitno utječu na odstupanja od aktivnosti.For the survival of large carnivores, wolf, lynx and brown bear, they need a large living area, which could be found in the area of Dinarid. In ecological system, large carnivores occupy the top of the trophic pyramid as predators, whose main prey are large herbivores, roe deer, red deer and wild boar. By applying automatic cameras on selected locations in the area of Gorski kotar, northern Velebit and Plitvice Lakes relative frequencies of large carnivores and large herbivores could be determined. The analysis of space usage in the area of mid Dinarids and the time activity of large carnivores and large herbivores contributes to the interactions among large Mammals. The highest frequency of wolf was in the area of Plitvice Lakes, lynx in the area of Gorski kotar and brown bear in the area of northern Velebit. From large herbivores, the highest frequency of roe deer and wild boar was in the area of Plitvice Lakes, and red deer in the area of Gorski kotar. The way of life of large carnivores and large herbivores have a significant effect on the frequency of species in certain place category. Large carnivores and large herbivores are mostly active in the early morning and evening hours, while at noon activity is reduced, but disturbances in the habitat can significantly influence on the aberration from the activity pattern