The results of this study comparing teacher perceptions and observed teacher behaviors for teachers from Japan and the U.S. are attributed to cultural differences, difficulty in interpretation of the practices, or differing degrees of confidence in implementing constructivist practices, or a combination of factors remains to be seen. But, this investigation is but a beginning in terms of successes and failures with science education reform initiatives around the world. Looking at these problems globally may be important to assure that current reforms are successful for all and will stimulate continuous progress