Cross, T.

Goodfellow, M.

Lacey, J.

Mccarthy, A. J.

English

Rothamsted Repository

Patron:		Her	Majesty	The	Queen	 	 Rothamsted	Research	Harpenden,	Herts,	AL5	2JQ		Telephone:	+44	(0)1582	763133	Web:	http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/			 			Rothamsted Research is a Company Limited by Guarantee Registered Office: as above.  Registered in England No. 2393175. Registered Charity No. 802038.  VAT No. 197 4201 51. Founded in 1843 by John Bennet Lawes.		Rothamsted Repository DownloadA - Papers appearing in refereed journalsLacey, J., Mccarthy, A. J., Goodfellow, M. and Cross, T. 1984. Conservation of the name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky, and McDurmont over Faenia Kurup and Agre and designation of Micropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey as the type species of the genus. Amended request for an opinion. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 34, pp. 505-507. The output can be accessed at: https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/8q1z0/conservation-of-the-name-micropolyspora-lechevalier-solotorovsky-and-mcdurmont-over-faenia-kurup-and-agre-and-designation-of-micropolyspora-faeni-cross-maciver-and-lacey-as-the-type-species-of-the.© Please contact library@rothamsted.ac.uk for copyright queries.26/11/2019 15:29 repository.rothamsted.ac.uk library@rothamsted.ac.ukINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, OCt. 1984, p. 505-507 0020-7713/84/040505-03 $02.00/0 Copyright 0 1984, International Union of Microbiological Societies Vol. 34, No. 4 Conservation of the Name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky, and McDurmont over Faenia Kurup and Agre and Designation of Micropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey as the Type Species of the Genus Amended Request for an Opinion J. LACEY,’” A. J. McCARTHY,~ M. GOODFELLOW,3 AND T. CROSS4 Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Molecular Biology, University of Manchester Institute of Technology, Manchester M60 I QD,2 Department of Microbiology, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7RU,3 and School of Biological Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 United Kingdom We request an Opinion conserving the name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky , and McDur- mont over Faenia Kurup and Agre. If our proposal is accepted, Micropolyspora faeni (type strain, ATCC 15347) should be cited as the type species of Micropolyspora. We also provide a new description of this genus. McCarthy et al. (24) requested an Opinion from the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology that the genus Micropolyspora Le- chevalier Solotorovsky, and McDurmont 1961 (21) be con- served following the transfer of the type species, Micropoly- spora brevicatena Lechevalier Solotorovsky, and McDurmont 1961 (Approved Lists 1980), to the genus No- cardia Trevisan 1889 (Approved Lists 1980) (32) by Goodfel- low and Pirouz (7). They also proposed that Micropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey 1968 should be designated the type species of the conserved genus. Recently, the genus Faenia has been proposed by Kurup and Agre (17) to accommodate isolates of Micropolyspora rectivirgula (Kras- silnikov and Agre 1964) Prauser and Momirova 1970 (Ap- proved Lists 1980), a species synonymous with M. faeni. In this amended request we propose that the Judicial Commission reject Faenia and accept our original proposal in the interest of nomenclatural stability and to avoid confu- sion in the literature, given the widespread use of M. faeni in scientific and medical publications as the causative organism of farmers’ lung disease and related hypersensitivity pneu- monitides. The Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (31) included four species of Micropolyspora apart from M .  brevicatena, but several other species names appear in the literature. There is little doubt that M. faeni and M. rectivirgula are synony- mous (3,6,  16, 29) despite considerable differences between the original descriptions of the two species (5, 13). Krassilni- kov (12) stated that “Thermopolyspora” and Micropoly- spora were not distinct genera but later classified his isolates as “Thermopolyspora rectivirgula” because their method of spore formation excluded them from Micropolyspora (13). This was not supported by Henssen (9), who had originally described the method of spore formation in “Thermopoly- spora” (8). ‘‘ Thermopolyspora rectivirgula” was subse- quently found to have wall chemotype IV, similar to that of M. brevicatena (20), and the species was tentatively as- signed to Micropolyspora. However, no formal proposal for * Corresponding author. transfer was made as stated by Kurup and Agre (7). Indeed, transfer was formally made only in 1970 by Prauser and Momirova (29). Of the remaining species, “Micropolyspora fascifera, ” like M. brevicatena, contains mycolic acids characteristic of Nocardia (27, 28), but has not been formally transferred to that genus. “Micropolyspora viridinigra” and “Micropoly- spora rubrobrunea” have been transferred to the genus Excellospora Agre and Guzeva 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) (l) ,  and Micropolyspora internatus Agre, Guzeva, and Dor- okhova 1974 (Approved Lists 1980) (2) and “Micropolyspora caesia” (10) have been transferred to the genus Saccharo- monospora Nonomura and Ohara 1971 (Approved Lists 1980) (16, 26), although none of these transfers has been validated. “Micropolyspora coerulea” (30) and “Micropoly- spora thermovirida” (11) also appear to be typical saccharo- monosporas. However, the position of “M.  thermovirida’ ’ cannot be clarified since no strains of this species are extant (16). Micropolyspora angiospora Zhukova, Tsyganov, and Morozov 1968 (Approved Lists 1980) (33) has wall chemo- type I11 (16); its position remains to be determined, but it may be a species of Actinomadura (Lechevalier, quoted by Kurup [16]) or Excellospora (18). Clearly, M. internatus and M. angiospora, which are included on the Approved Lists (31), cannot be accommo- dated in the genus Micropolyspora. Thus, this taxon now contains only one species, and the following two questions have to be resolved: (i) can the name Micropolyspora be retained, or must it be replaced by Faenia; and (ii) can faeni be conserved (Rule 56b of the International Code of Nomen- clature of Bacteria [19]) over rectivirgula as the specific epithet for the new type species. Kurup and Agre (17) argue that because of the removal of the type species, the name Micropolyspora becomes illegiti- mate under Rule 37a of the International Code of Nomencla- ture of Bacteria (19) and that the new generic name, Faenia, is thus necessary. However, these authors did not consider whether bacterial systematics was best served by such a change or whether the change advocated would cause more confusion than exists already. Similar considerations apply to the support given by Kurup and Agre (17) to the priority of 505 506 LACEY ET AL. INT. J. SYST. BACTERIOL. rectivirgula over faeni (Rule 42 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria [19]). Principal 1 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (19) states that the essential aims of nomenclaure are as follows: stability of names; to avoid or reject the use of names which may cause error or confusion; and to avoid the useless creation of names. We submit that to change a name which has been used in more than 350 papers referring to M .  faeni in relation to farmers’ lung disease and other forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, placing the organism in a new genus with a specific epithet which has been used in few publications and which has never been used in reports of respiratory disease, does not aid the stability of names, will lead to much confusion, and is thus a needless creation. It also highlights an undesirable consequence of the new starting date for bacterial nomenclature and the Approved Lists (1 January 1980). If Faenia is retained, it seems that the easy way to resolve a difficult taxonomic problem is to create a new name regardless of what has gone before. Rules 23a and 37a of the International Code of Nomencla- ture of Bacteria (19) allow the retention of a name in a way that excludes the type. Furthermore, the name Micropoly- spora can be preferred to Faenia under Rule 42 of the international Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (19). Also, the definition of Micropolyspora can easily be amended to eliminate possible confusion with other sporoactinomycete genera, whereas the .definition of Faenia remains incom- plete. The description of the only species, Faenia rectivir- gula , contains serious contradictions with other published descriptions of M .  faeni and M .  rectivirgula, including that of Kurup (16). Indeed, it is timely to redescribe the genus Micropolyspora in light of recent studies (4, 7, 14, 15, 22, :25), as done below. Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky , and McDur- ,mont 1961 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Gram-positive, non-acid-fast bacteria with well-developed, branched, sep- tate substrate mycelium 0.5 to 0.8 pm in diameter. The aerial mycelium is 0.8 to 1.2 pm in diameter, rising from the substrate mycelium. Spores formed in chains up to 20 spores long, but usually not more than 5 spores long, on both aerial and substrate hyphae on short, unbranched, lateral or termi- nal sporophores. Intercalary spores may sometimes be formed. Spore formation basipetal; spores thick walled, especially at sites of contact between spores. Colonies are slow growing, raised with entire or filamentous margins, and colorless or in yellow to brown shades; aerial mycelium sparse. Thermoduric, isolated from spontaneously heated organic substrates and soil, and somewhat xerotolerant. Able to utilize a wide range of organic compounds as sole sources of carbon for energy and growth to degrade a number of substrates. Susceptible to lysozyme. The wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose (wall chemotype IV). Mycolic acids are lacking, but organisms are rich in is0 and anteiso branched-chain fatty acids and have polar lipid contents characterized by large amounts of phosphatidylcholine, di- phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl- inositol, and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. Tetra-, hexa- and octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with 9 isoprene units are predominant, with smaller amounts of other menaqui- nones with 8 and sometimes 10 isoprene units. The type species is Micropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey 1968; the type strain of this species is strain ATCC 15347. The characteristics of M .  faeni have been well described (3, 5 ,  7), and in a recent extensive comparative study of thermophilic actinomycetes (23) M .  faeni was readily identi- fied by its good growth and aerial mycelium production in the presence of 10% (wthol) NaCl and its very strong activity against guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Arguments and precedents for the retention of M .  faeni as the type species of the genus Micropolyspora were given by McCarthy et al. (24) and remain valid. Following these arguments, to maintain a stable nomenclature and to avoid confusion in the literature, especially in light of the mislead- ing description of “ Thermopolyspora rectivirgula” (13) and the inadequate description of Faenia rectivirgula (17), we request that the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology issue an Opinion conserving the genus Micropolyspora and the specific epi- thet faeni over the genus Faenia and the specific epithet rectivirgula. If these proposals are accepted by the Judicial Commission, Micropolyspora faeni (type strain, ATCC 15347) should be cited as the new type species of Micropoly- spora . LITERATURE CITED 1. Agre, N. S., and L. N. Guzeva. 1975. New actinomycete genus: Excellosporu gen. nov. Mikrobiologiya 44518-523. (In Rus- sian .) 2. Agre, N. S., L. N. Guzeva, and L. A. Dorokhova. 4974. A new species of the genus Micropolysporu-Micropolyspora interna- tus. Mikrobiologiya 43:679-685. (In Russian.) 3. Arden-Jones, M. P., A. J. McCarthy, and T. Cross. 1979. Taxonomic and serological studies on Micropolysporu faeni and Micropolyspora strains from soil bearing the specific epithet rectivirgula. J. Gen. Microbiol. 115343-354. 4. Collins, M. D., T. Pirouz, M. Goodfellow, and D. E. Minnikin. 1977. Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and Cory- nebacteria. J.  Gen. Microbiol. 100:221-230. 5 .  Cross, T., A. Maciver, and J. Lacey. 1968. The thermophilic actinomycetes in mouldy hay: Micropolyspora faeni sp. nov. J. Gen. Microbiol. 50:351-359. 6. Dorokhova, L. A., N. S. Agre, L. V. Kalakoutskii, and N. A. Krassilnikov. 1970. A study of the morphology of two cultures belonging to the genus Micropolyspora Mikrobiologiya 39:95- 100. 7. Goodfellow, M., and T. Pirouz. 1982. Numerical classification of sporactinomycetes containing meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. J .  Gen. Microbiol. 128503-527. 8. Henssen, A. 1957. Contributions to the morphology and system- atics of the thermophilic actinomycetes. Arch. Mikrobiol. 26:373-414. (In German.) 9. Henssen, A. 1970. Spore formation in thermophilic actinomy- cetes, p. 205-210. In H. Prauser (ed.), The Actinomycetales. Gustav Fischer, Jena. 10. Kalakoutskii, L. V. 1964. A new species of Micropolyspora- Micropolyspora caesia nsp .  Mikrobiologiya 33:858-862. 11. Kosmachey, A. E. 1964. A new thermophilic actinomycete, Micropolyspora thermovirida n. sp. Mikrobiologiya 33:267-269. 12. Krassilnikov, N. A. 1964. Systematic position of ray fungi among the lower organisms. Hind. Antibiot. Bull. 7:l-17. 13. Krassilnikov, N. A., and N. S. Agre. 1964. On two new species of Thermopolyspora. Hind. Antibiot. Bull. 6:97-107. 14. Kroppenstedt, R. M., and J. H. Kutzner. 1976. Biochemical markers in the taxonomy of the Actinomycetules. Experientia 15. Kroppenstedt, R. M., and W. J. Kutzner. 1978. Biochemical taxonomy of some problem actinomycetes. Zentralbl. Bakte- riol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Suppl. 6:125-133. 16. Kurup, V. P. 1981. Taxonomic study of some members of Micropolyspora and Saccharomonospora. Microbiologica (Bo- logna) 4:249-259. 17. Kurup, V. P., and N. S. Agre. 1983. Transfer of Micropolyspora rectivirgula (Krassilnikov and Agre, 1964) Lechevalier, Leche- valier, and Becker, 1966) to Faenia gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33663-665. 18. Lacey, J., M. Goodfellow, and G. Alderson. 1978. The genus Actinomadura, Lechevalier and Lechevalier. Zentralbl. Bakte- 32:3 18-3 19. VOL. 34, 1984 AMENDED REQUEST FOR AN OPINION 507 riol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Suppl. 6:107-117. 19. Lapage, S. P., P. H. A. Sneath, E. F. Lessel, V. B. D. Skerman, H. P. R. Seeliger, and W. A. Clark (ed.). 1975. International code of nomenclature of bacteria. 1975 Revision. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 20. Lechevalier, H. A., M. P. Lechevalier, and B. Becker. 1966. Comparison of the chemical composition of cell-walls of nocar- diae with that of other aerobic actinomycetes. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 16: 151-160. 21. Lechevalier, H. A., M. Solotorovsky, and C. I. McDurmont. 1961. A new genus of the Actinomycetales: Micropolyspora gen. nov. J. Gen. Microbiol. 26:ll-18. 22. Lechevalier, M. P., C. DeBievre, and H. A. Lechevalier. 1977. Chemotaxonomy of aerobic actinomycetes: phospholipid com- position. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 5249-260. 23. McCarthy, A. J., and T. Cross. 1984. A taxonomic study of Thermornonospora and other monosporic actinomycetes. J. Gen. Mjcrobiol. 1305-25. 24. McCarthy, A. J., T. Cross, J. Lacey, and M. Goodfellow. 1983. Conservation of the Name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solo- torovsky , and McDurmont and designation of Micropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey as the type species of the genus. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33430- 433. 25. Mordarska, H., M. Mordarski, and M. Goodfellow. 1972. Che- motaxonomic characters and classification of some nocardio- form bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 71:77-86. 26. Nonomura, H., and Y. Ohara. 1971. Distribution of actinomy- cetes in soil. X. New genus and species of monosporic actino- mycetes. J. Ferment. Technol. 49:895-903. 27. Prauser, H. 1974. Nocardoides Prauser, Nocardiopsis J. Meyer and Micropolyspora fascifera Prauser-new taxa of the Actino- mycetales. Actinomycetologist (Tokyo) 24:14-20. 28. Prauser, H. 1978. Consideration on taxonomic relations among gram-positive branching bacteria. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasi- tenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Suppl. 6:3-12. 29. Prauser, H., and S. Momirova. 1970. Phagensensibilitat, Zell- wand-Zusammensetzung und Taxonomie einiger thermophiler Actinomyceten. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 10:219-222. 30. Preobrazhenskaya, T. P., R. S. Ukholina, N. P. Nechaeva, V. A. Filicheva, G. V. Gavrilina, M. K. Kudinova, V. N. Borisova, N. M. Patukhova, I. N. Kovsharova, V. V. Proshlyakova, and 0. K. Rossolimo. 1973. A new species of Micropolyspora and its antibiotic properties. Antibiotiki (Moscow) 18:963-970. 31. Skerman, V. B. D., V. McGowan, and P. H. A. Sneath (ed.). 1980. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 32. Trevisan, V. 1889. I Generi e le Specie delle Batteriaceae. Zanaboni e Gabuzzi, Milano. 33. Zhukova, R. A., V. A. Tsyganov, and V. M. Morozov. 1968. A new species of Micropolyspora-Micropolyspora angiospora (sp. nov.). Mikrobiologiya 97:724-728. (In Russian.) 30~225-420. 

Conservation of the name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky, and McDurmont over Faenia Kurup and Agre and designation of Micropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey as the type species of the genus. Amended request for an opinion

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Conservation of the name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky, and McDurmont over Faenia Kurup and Agre and designation of Micropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey as the type species of the genus. Amended request for an opinion

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