This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.Data archiving:Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9rk5f69.Social interactions can give rise to indirect genetic effects (IGEs), which occur
when genes expressed in one individual affect the phenotype of another individual.
The evolutionary dynamics of traits can be altered when there are IGEs. Sex often involves indirect effects arising from first order (current) or second order (prior)
social interactions, yet IGEs are infrequently quantified for reproductive behaviors.Here, we use experimental populations of burying beetles that have experienced
bidirectional selection on mating rate to test for social plasticity and IGEs associated with focal males mating with a female either without (first order effect)
or with (second order effect) prior exposure to a competitor, and resource defense
behavior (first order effect). Additive IGEs were detected for mating rate arising
from (first order) interactions with females. For resource defense behavior, a
standard variance partitioning analysis provided no evidence of additive genetic
variance – either direct or indirect. However, behavior was predicted by focal size
relative to that of the competitor, and size is also heritable. Assuming that behavior
is causally dependent on relative size, this implies that both DGEs and IGEs do
occur (and may potentially interact). The relative contribution of IGEs may differ
among social behaviors related to mating which has consequences for the
evolutionary trajectories of multivariate traits.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC
