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Techno-economic evaluation of voltage dependent active and reactive power control to reduce voltage violations in distribution grids

Abstract

High penetration of PV plants or numerous electric vehicle (EV) charging station stations connected to the low voltage distribution grids (LVDG) may cause a voltage rise or voltage decrease respectively. There are several measures of maintaining the voltage stability such as grid reinforcement, battery energy storage, line voltage regulator, etc., although they vary in effectiveness and economic viability. This paper focuses on using decentralised voltagedependent active and reactive power (PQ(V)) control of PV inverters to stabilise the voltage in the grid. Using two grid models in Southern Germany and Switzerland the best PQ(V) control strategy is evaluated using load flow calculations. The weakest node in the first grid exhibits a maximum voltage of 1.072 pu on a sunny day. Due to the implementation of the PQ(V) control the maximum voltage is reduced to 1.024 pu at the same node. Costs considered for PQ(V) control are the PV yield loss and the additional reactive power compensation, which amount to roughly CHF 2’600.- per year. The future installation of EV charging stations may positively interact with PV feed-in. The voltage decrease can further be limited using PQ(V) control. Further grids and means for voltage stabilisation will be analysed in the future

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