Burrow, Sheona

Margoni, Thomas

McCutcheon, Valerie

English

Enlighten

 1 Draft v 4.0 INFORMATION GUIDE (1) INTRODUCTION TO OWNERSHIP OF RIGHTS IN RESEARCH DATA  This information guide contains general responses to common concerns about ownership of rights in research data. It may be necessary to consult specialist resources to answer more specific questions about research data. This guide complements other information guides on Making Research Data Available, Frequently Asked Questions: Using Research Data and Choosing a Licence for Research Data. A Glossary is available to explain certain terms used in this information guide.   When is research data protected?  Research data are likely to be a ‘bundle’ of different types of information and content, sourced from third parties, or created by the researcher. Research data may be factual and/or creative.  Data as such, like facts, principles, mathematical concepts and methods are not protected by copyright. 1  However, there are cases in which data, not as such but part of collections, can be protected, Additionally, whereas data as such are not protected by copyright, that does not mean data are not protected by other laws (e.g confidential information or personal data). This guide will offer guidance in this area with a specific focus on research data.  This information guide will focus on those elements of research data that, in the UK, might be automatically protected by intellectual property rights such as copyright protected works and databases protected by copyright and/or  the Sui Generis Database Right (SGDR).                                                          1  Agreement on Trade-Relation Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, WTO, Article 9 Does the Research Data contain?Written prose or poetry?Software code?Drawings, photographs or other graphic works?A television broadcast or podcast?A published edition of work?A film?A sound recording?Information that identifies an individual person?A performance or dramatic work?A piece of music?An invention?In this information guide the definition of research data used in the Concordat on Open Research Data. Research data are the evidence that underpins the answer to the research question, and can be used to validate findings regardless of its form (e.g. print, digital, or physical). These might be quantitative information or qualitative statements collected by researchers in the course of their work by experimentation, observation, modelling, interview or other methods, or information derived from existing evidence. Data may be raw or primary (e.g. direct from measurement or collection) or derived from primary data for subsequent analysis or interpretation (e.g. cleaned up or as an extract from a larger data set), or derived from existing sources where the rights may be held by others. Data may be defined as ‘relational’ or ‘functional’ components of research, thus signalling that their identification and value lies in whether and how researchers use them as evidence for claims. They may include, for example, statistics, collections of digital images, sound recordings, transcripts of interviews, survey data and fieldwork observations with appropriate annotations, an interpretation, an artwork, archives, found objects, published texts or a manuscript.   2  How does rules on research data impact on use?  Research data may be: -  Automatically protected by the law;  Regulated by contract. Multiple types of protection might exist in research data, or there may be elements that have no legal protection.     As explained in this information guide, the default position is that the owners of protected rights can restrict the use of those rights.   Licensing is a way to stipulate when and how protected rights in research data can be used by others. Our information guides on Making Research Data Available and Choosing a Licence for Research Data provide further information on how to make research data available through licensing.   Our information guide on Using Research Data explores some of the concepts that are important when thinking about using data created by another researcher.   Before thinking about licensing or using research data, it is important to understand the rights that can arise automatically in the UK in research data. The rest of this guide will discuss copyright and the database right.       Sui Generis Database Right – SGDR is a right protecting  databases where there has been a substantial investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting the data. You can read more about SGDR on pages 3-4 of this information guide. Copyright is a property right in certain types of works. Some works are original, but copyright also protects some non-original work. Copyright does not protect ideas. You can read more about copyright on pages 5-6 of this information guide. Confidentiality protects confidential information. This might be imposed by a contract or if the information is marked confidential. Use of confidential information might give rise to a claim for compensation if confidentiality is breached. Data Subject Rights arise in information that identifies individuals and are recognised by data protection laws in the UK and EU. The Information Commissioner’s Office oversees the implementation and enforcement of data protection law in the UK. Patents are registered rights in novel inventions of products or processes. Patent protection is not discussed in this guide. Some research data may not benefit from any legal protection, although moral and ethical considerations may apply. 1. Sui Generis Database Right (SGDR)  For legal purposes, a ‘database’ means “a collection of independent works, data or other materials arranged in a systematic or Research dataCopyrightPatentsDatabase RightsUnprotected dataData subject rightsConfidentiality 3 methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means.”  Databases are not automatically protected by law unless: - (1) the selection or arrangement of the contents are the author’s own intellectual creation  – in which case copyright protection applies to the structure of the database; or (2) they qualify for a special IP right (called the sui generis database right (SGDR)) because there has been a substantial investment in obtaining,2  verifying or presenting the contents of a database (e.g. a database of poetry titles).   The content of a database can also be composed of copyright protected works in the first place, such as a database of scholarly articles. However in this case it is not the copyright in the database that extends to the content, there are simply two independent copyrights in the same database: the copyright in the database structure if it is sufficiently original, and the (independent) copyright in the element constituting the database. In addition there also may be a SGDR right in the substantial investment in the database. The latter protects the database from substantial extractions, therefore effectively offering a form of protection to data that would otherwise not be protected.   How long does SGDR last?                                                          2  Courts have distinguished ‘obtaining’ (recording existing data such as the number of goals at a football match) from ‘creating’ data (e.g. creating football fixture lists). The latter do not qualify for SGDR protection. The SGDR applies in the EU for 15 years (renewable if further substantial investment in the database).  Who owns SGDR?  SGDR is owned by the maker of the database, which is usually the person or entity who bears the financial risk.   Financial risk in academic research In academic research the financial risk of projects is usually borne by the funder or institution (an institution’s insurance cover might provide backing for unfunded research projects). It is therefore possible that the SGDR in a database produced during research may be owned by the funder or institution, even where copyright arising in the database may be owned by the researcher. However, contracts among the different parties (funders, universities, researchers, etc may provide differently.  It is important to check the terms of any funding or collaboration agreement to see whether ownership of the deliverables is specified.   What can SGDR owners do?  The SGDR will protect a database from extraction (copying) of substantial amount of data, or repeated extraction of insubstantial amount, therefore effectively extending protection to the data.   DatabaseCopyright in contentCopyright in structureSGDR Rights in Databases  Unprotected database Research data Database Legally protected database Original Structure or Arrangement (e.g. Yellow Pages) Original Copyright protected Works in Database (e.g. collection of photographs) ‘Substantial Investment’ in obtaining, verifying or presenting data’ Copyright protection - Owned by author - licensable SGDR - Owned by maker - licensable Copyright protection - Owned by author - licensable  2. Copyright law  Copyright protection arises automatically. The UK requires works to be fixed (expressed or recorded in some way) before they are protected.  Original literary, musical, dramatic3 and artistic works may be protected by copyright law. Certain non-original works such as the typographical arrangement of published editions, sound recordings, broadcasts, and films 4  are also protected by copyright.5 The structure of databases can also be protected by copyright – see the next section for more detail.  Copyright law does not protect ideas that are not expressed in an original form of expression – for example, recipes and magic tricks. There is no requirement to use the © symbol in the UK, although this is common practice.  Copyright law grants the owner the exclusive right to control certain rights such as reproduction, redistribution, communication to the public etc.   Who owns copyright?  Type of work Default* Owner Literary Author Musical Author Dramatic Author Artistic Author Database Author                                                         3  A dramatic work must be capable of being communicated in motion – e.g. a choreographed dance 4  Copyright in the recording of the film is protected separately from the dramatic work being filmed. 5  These are called ‘related rights’ in international copyright law. Sound Recording Producer Film Joint: Producer & Principal Director Broadcast Person making broadcast Typographical arrangement Publisher *Can be varied by contract  The author is usually the person creating the work, but if the work is created jointly, it may be jointly owned, and if a work is created by someone in the course of a contract of employment it may be owned by the employer (depending on the contract).  Copyright ownership in academic institutions Copyright ownership in the contracts of employees and researchers working for academic institutions often vary the statutory rule that an employer owns its employees copyright. It is essential to check the employment contract and the Intellectual Property Policy of an institution to understand who owns copyright. Practice can vary from institution to institution.   How long does copyright last?  In the UK, as well as EU countries, copyright protection lasts for: -  Type of work Length of copyright protection Literary Lifetime of Author plus 70 years** Musical Lifetime of Author plus 70 years Dramatic Lifetime of Author plus 70 years Artistic Lifetime of Author plus 70 years Database Lifetime of Author plus 70 Sound Recording 50 years from date of recording/publication  Film6 Lifetime of the last to die of the Principal Director/Screenplay Writer/Composer plus 70 years Broadcast 50 years from first broadcast Typographical arrangement 25 years from publication ** i.e. where the author died before 1948  After expiry of these periods, the work enters the public domain.                                                          6  The film recording is protected separately from any copyright in the dramatic work being filmed. The film script might also attract literary copyright. The idea, characters and title of a film are usually not protected.  What can copyright owners do?  You can read more about copyright at CopyrightUser.org.  Copyright owners have rights to restrict certain acts in relation to the protected work such as copying, distributing and communicating the work to the public. The effect is that in most instances use of copyright protected works requires permission from the owner.  Moral rights are additional rights in copyright works. These give the original author of a copyright work the right to: -  be attributed as the author   protect the integrity of the work (i.e. to object to alteration or derogatory treatment of the work).   Object to false attribution; and  Privacy in certain (personal) photographs and films.  Moral rights can be waived but they cannot be transferred.  Where moral rights arise in original copyright protected works, these rights belong to the original author and cannot be transferred although they can be waived.  Using copyright protected works  In the EU, there is no concept of ‘fair use’ of works protected by copyright (or SGDR).   There are some limited exceptions which permit use of protected copyright works in scenarios such as: -   Fair dealing for quotation, criticism and review  Fair dealing for parody & pastiche  Fair dealing for news reporting  Fair dealing for research & private study  Non-commercial text and data mining  Disability enablement  Libraries, museums, galleries and archives and other education institutions also benefit from some limited exceptions. You can read more about copyright exceptions at CopyrightUser.org. If an exception does not apply, then permission is required. However, an owner may grant a standard permission using a licence.  Depending on the type of licence, free use of the research data may be permitted, allowing for use/re-use or re-mixing. Other research data may be subject to certain conditions such as attribution of the original research data owner, or attribution of the owners of other rights in the research data. More restrictive licences may prevent using the research data for commercial purposes or not altering the research data.  If the research data does not specify a licence, it is necessary to consider whether use of any protected content within the research data would infringe the rights of anyone.    Using research data globally? Although copyright principles apply in most countries, there are variations and the law in force should always be researched.    Orphan Works  Copyright works where ownership is unknown or where the owner cannot be found are often called ‘orphan works’. This does not  mean they can be freely used. The UK government operates an Orphan Works Register and provides a scheme for licensing orphan works.  .   More Information  More Information Guides  Making Research Data Available  Choosing a Licence for Research Data  Frequently Asked Questions: Using Research Data   You can find out more about rights in research data from:   The Intellectual Property Office  CopyrightUser.org  UK Data Service  UK Data Archive  OpenMinTeD  OpenAIRE  Horizon 2020 Open Research Data Pilot  Day Thomson, S., Preserving Social Media, Digital Preservation Coalition 2016  Some useful legal sources:  Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988  Directive 96/9/EC of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases  The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679  Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), WTO, 1995     The production of this information guide has been supported by  CREATe, University of Glasgow, the University of Glasgow Research Information Management Services and Jisc. Suggested citation: Information Guide: Introduction to Ownership of Rights in Research Data, CREATe, University of Glasgow, 2018 Published under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence – CC-BY 4.0     CRediT taxonomy Writer: Dr. Sheona Burrow, CREATe - University of Glasgow Supervision: CREATe - University of Glasgow & University of Glasgow Research Information Management Services Reviewing & Editing: Participants at a series of workshops held in Glasgow on 2nd November, 6th April and 29th June 2018. Project Administration: Valerie McCutcheon, University of Glasgow Funding: Jisc (Grant Reference DIINNAA)      

Information Guide: Introduction to Ownership of Rights in Research Data. CREATe, University of Glasgow, 2018

Enlighten: Publications

 1 
Draft v 4.0 
INFORMATION GUIDE (1) 
INTRODUCTION TO OWNERSHIP OF RIGHTS IN RESEARCH DATA 
 
This information guide contains general responses to common concerns 
about ownership of rights in research data. It may be necessary to 
consult specialist resources to answer more specific questions about 
research data. This guide complements other information guides on 
Making Research Data Available, Frequently Asked Questions: Using 
Research Data and Choosing a Licence for Research Data. A Glossary 
is available to explain certain terms used in this information guide. 
 
 
When is research data protected? 
 
Research data are likely to be a 
‘bundle’ of different types of 
information and content, sourced 
from third parties, or created by 
the researcher. Research data 
may be factual and/or creative. 
 
Data as such, like facts, 
principles, mathematical concepts 
and methods are not protected by 
copyright. 1  However, there are 
cases in which data, not as such 
but part of collections, can be 
protected, Additionally, whereas 
data as such are not protected by 
copyright, that does not mean 
data are not protected by other 
laws (e.g confidential information 
or personal data). This guide will 
offer guidance in this area with a 
specific focus on research data. 
 
This information guide will focus 
on those elements of research 
data that, in the UK, might be 
automatically protected by 
intellectual property rights such 
as copyright protected works 
and databases protected by 
copyright and/or  the Sui 
Generis Database Right 
(SGDR). 
 
                                                        
1  Agreement on Trade-Relation Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights, WTO, Article 9 
Does the 
Research 
Data 
contain?
Written prose 
or poetry?
Software 
code?
Drawings, 
photographs 
or other 
graphic 
works?
A television 
broadcast or 
podcast?
A published 
edition of 
work?
A film?
A sound 
recording?
Information 
that identifies 
an individual 
person?
A 
performance 
or dramatic 
work?
A piece of 
music?
An invention?
In this information guide the definition of research data used in the Concordat 
on Open Research Data. 
Research data are the evidence that underpins the answer to the research 
question, and can be used to validate findings regardless of its form (e.g. 
print, digital, or physical). These might be quantitative information or 
qualitative statements collected by researchers in the course of their work 
by experimentation, observation, modelling, interview or other methods, or 
information derived from existing evidence. Data may be raw or primary 
(e.g. direct from measurement or collection) or derived from primary data 
for subsequent analysis or interpretation (e.g. cleaned up or as an extract 
from a larger data set), or derived from existing sources where the rights 
may be held by others. Data may be defined as ‘relational’ or ‘functional’ 
components of research, thus signalling that their identification and value 
lies in whether and how researchers use them as evidence for claims. 
They may include, for example, statistics, collections of digital images, 
sound recordings, transcripts of interviews, survey data and fieldwork 
observations with appropriate annotations, an interpretation, an artwork, 
archives, found objects, published texts or a manuscript. 
 
 2 
 
How does rules on research data 
impact on use? 
 
Research data may be: - 
 Automatically protected by the law; 
 Regulated by contract. 
Multiple types of protection might exist in research data, 
or there may be elements that have no legal protection. 
 
 
 
 
As explained in this information guide, the default 
position is that the owners of protected rights can 
restrict the use of those rights.  
 
Licensing is a way to stipulate when and how protected 
rights in research data can be used by others. Our 
information guides on Making Research Data Available 
and Choosing a Licence for Research Data provide 
further information on how to make research data 
available through licensing.  
 
Our information guide on Using Research Data explores 
some of the concepts that are important when thinking 
about using data created by another researcher.  
 
Before thinking about licensing or using research data, it 
is important to understand the rights that can arise 
automatically in the UK in research data. The rest of this 
guide will discuss copyright and the database right. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sui Generis Database Right 
– SGDR is a right protecting  
databases where there has 
been a substantial investment 
in obtaining, verifying or 
presenting the data. You can 
read more about SGDR on 
pages 3-4 of this information 
guide. 
Copyright is a property right in 
certain types of works. Some 
works are original, but 
copyright also protects some 
non-original work. Copyright 
does not protect ideas. You 
can read more about copyright 
on pages 5-6 of this 
information guide. 
Confidentiality protects 
confidential information. This 
might be imposed by a 
contract or if the information is 
marked confidential. Use of 
confidential information might 
give rise to a claim for 
compensation if confidentiality 
is breached. 
Data Subject Rights arise in 
information that identifies 
individuals and are recognised 
by data protection laws in the 
UK and EU. The Information 
Commissioner’s Office 
oversees the implementation 
and enforcement of data 
protection law in the UK. 
Patents are registered rights in 
novel inventions of products or 
processes. Patent protection is 
not discussed in this guide. 
Some research data may not 
benefit from any legal 
protection, although moral and 
ethical considerations may 
apply. 
1. Sui Generis Database Right 
(SGDR) 
 
For legal purposes, a ‘database’ means “a 
collection of independent works, data or other 
materials arranged in a systematic or 
Research 
data
Copyright
Patents
Database 
Rights
Unprotected 
data
Data subject 
rights
Confidentiality
 3 
methodical way and individually accessible 
by electronic or other means.” 
 
Databases are not automatically protected by 
law unless: - 
(1) the selection or arrangement of the 
contents are the author’s own 
intellectual creation  – in which case 
copyright protection applies to the 
structure of the database; or 
(2) they qualify for a special IP right (called 
the sui generis database right (SGDR)) 
because there has been a substantial 
investment in obtaining,2  verifying or 
presenting the contents of a database 
(e.g. a database of poetry titles).  
 
The content of a database can also be 
composed of copyright protected works in the 
first place, such as a database of scholarly 
articles. However in this case it is not the 
copyright in the database that extends to the 
content, there are simply two independent 
copyrights in the same database: the 
copyright in the database structure if it is 
sufficiently original, and the (independent) 
copyright in the element constituting the 
database. In addition there also may be a 
SGDR right in the substantial investment in 
the database. The latter protects the 
database from substantial extractions, 
therefore effectively offering a form of 
protection to data that would otherwise not be 
protected. 
 
 
How long does SGDR last? 
 
                                                        
2  Courts have distinguished ‘obtaining’ 
(recording existing data such as the number of goals 
at a football match) from ‘creating’ data (e.g. creating 
football fixture lists). The latter do not qualify for SGDR 
protection. 
The SGDR applies in the EU for 15 years 
(renewable if further substantial investment in 
the database). 
 
Who owns SGDR? 
 
SGDR is owned by the maker of the 
database, which is usually the person or 
entity who bears the financial risk.  
 
Financial risk in academic research 
In academic research the financial risk of 
projects is usually borne by the funder or 
institution (an institution’s insurance 
cover might provide backing for 
unfunded research projects). It is 
therefore possible that the SGDR in a 
database produced during research may 
be owned by the funder or institution, 
even where copyright arising in the 
database may be owned by the 
researcher. However, contracts among 
the different parties (funders, 
universities, researchers, etc may 
provide differently. 
 
It is important to check the terms of any 
funding or collaboration agreement to 
see whether ownership of the 
deliverables is specified. 
 
 
What can SGDR owners do? 
 
The SGDR will protect a database from 
extraction (copying) of substantial amount of 
data, or repeated extraction of insubstantial 
amount, therefore effectively extending 
protection to the data.  
 Databa
se
Copyrig
ht in 
content
Copyrig
ht in 
structur
e
SGDR
 Rights in Databases 
 
Unprotected 
database 
Research data 
Database 
Legally protected database 
Original Structure or 
Arrangement 
(e.g. Yellow Pages) 
Original Copyright 
protected Works in 
Database 
(e.g. collection of 
photographs) 
‘Substantial 
Investment’ in 
obtaining, verifying 
or presenting data’ 
Copyright protection 
- Owned by author 
- licensable 
SGDR 
- Owned by maker 
- licensable 
Copyright protection 
- Owned by author 
- licensable 
 2. Copyright law 
 
Copyright protection arises automatically. The UK requires works 
to be fixed (expressed or recorded in some way) before they are 
protected. 
 
Original literary, musical, dramatic3 and artistic works may be 
protected by copyright law. Certain non-original works such as the 
typographical arrangement of published editions, sound 
recordings, broadcasts, and films 4  are also protected by 
copyright.5 The structure of databases can also be protected by 
copyright – see the next section for more detail. 
 
Copyright law does not protect ideas that are not expressed in an 
original form of expression – for example, recipes and magic tricks. 
There is no requirement to use the © symbol in the UK, although 
this is common practice. 
 
Copyright law grants the owner the exclusive right to control certain 
rights such as reproduction, redistribution, communication to the 
public etc.  
 
Who owns copyright? 
 
Type of work Default* Owner 
Literary Author 
Musical Author 
Dramatic Author 
Artistic Author 
Database Author 
                                                        
3  A dramatic work must be capable of being communicated in motion – e.g. a 
choreographed dance 
4  Copyright in the recording of the film is protected separately from the dramatic work being 
filmed. 
5  These are called ‘related rights’ in international copyright law. 
Sound Recording Producer 
Film Joint: Producer & 
Principal Director 
Broadcast Person making 
broadcast 
Typographical 
arrangement 
Publisher 
*Can be varied by contract 
 
The author is usually the person creating the work, but if the work 
is created jointly, it may be jointly owned, and if a work is created 
by someone in the course of a contract of employment it may be 
owned by the employer (depending on the contract). 
 
Copyright ownership in academic institutions 
Copyright ownership in the contracts of employees and 
researchers working for academic institutions often vary the 
statutory rule that an employer owns its employees copyright. It 
is essential to check the employment contract and the 
Intellectual Property Policy of an institution to understand who 
owns copyright. Practice can vary from institution to institution.  
 
How long does copyright last? 
 
In the UK, as well as EU countries, copyright protection lasts for: - 
 
Type of work Length of copyright protection 
Literary Lifetime of Author plus 70 
years** 
Musical Lifetime of Author plus 70 
years 
Dramatic Lifetime of Author plus 70 
years 
Artistic Lifetime of Author plus 70 
years 
Database Lifetime of Author plus 70 
Sound 
Recording 
50 years from date of 
recording/publication 
 Film6 Lifetime of the last to die of 
the Principal 
Director/Screenplay 
Writer/Composer plus 70 
years 
Broadcast 50 years from first broadcast 
Typographical 
arrangement 
25 years from publication 
** i.e. where the author died before 1948 
 
After expiry of these periods, the work enters the public domain.  
                                                        
6  The film recording is protected separately from any copyright in the dramatic work being 
filmed. The film script might also attract literary copyright. The idea, characters and title of a film are 
usually not protected. 
 What can copyright owners do? 
 
You can read more about copyright at CopyrightUser.org. 
 
Copyright owners have rights to restrict certain acts in relation to 
the protected work such as copying, distributing and 
communicating the work to the public. The effect is that in most 
instances use of copyright protected works requires permission 
from the owner. 
 
Moral rights are additional rights in copyright works. These give 
the original author of a copyright work the right to: - 
 be attributed as the author  
 protect the integrity of the work (i.e. to object to alteration or 
derogatory treatment of the work).  
 Object to false attribution; and 
 Privacy in certain (personal) photographs and films. 
 
Moral rights can be waived but they cannot be transferred. 
 
Where moral rights arise in original copyright protected works, 
these rights belong to the original author and cannot be 
transferred although they can be waived. 
 
Using copyright protected works 
 
In the EU, there is no concept of ‘fair use’ of works protected by 
copyright (or SGDR).  
 
There are some limited exceptions which permit use of protected 
copyright works in scenarios such as: -  
 Fair dealing for quotation, criticism and review 
 Fair dealing for parody & pastiche 
 Fair dealing for news reporting 
 Fair dealing for research & private study 
 Non-commercial text and data mining 
 Disability enablement 
 
Libraries, museums, galleries and archives and other education 
institutions also benefit from some limited exceptions. You can read 
more about copyright exceptions at CopyrightUser.org. 
If an exception does not apply, then permission is required. 
However, an owner may grant a standard permission using a 
licence. 
 
Depending on the type of licence, free use of the research data 
may be permitted, allowing for use/re-use or re-mixing. Other 
research data may be subject to certain conditions such as 
attribution of the original research data owner, or attribution of the 
owners of other rights in the research data. More restrictive 
licences may prevent using the research data for commercial 
purposes or not altering the research data. 
 
If the research data does not specify a licence, it is necessary to 
consider whether use of any protected content within the research 
data would infringe the rights of anyone.  
 
 
Using research data globally? 
Although copyright principles apply in most 
countries, there are variations and the law in force 
should always be researched. 
 
 
 
Orphan Works 
 
Copyright works where ownership is unknown or where the owner 
cannot be found are often called ‘orphan works’. This does not 
 mean they can be freely used. The UK government operates an 
Orphan Works Register and provides a scheme for licensing 
orphan works. 
 
. 
 
 
More Information 
 
More Information Guides 
 Making Research Data Available 
 Choosing a Licence for Research Data 
 Frequently Asked Questions: Using Research Data 
 
 
You can find out more about rights in research data from:  
 The Intellectual Property Office 
 CopyrightUser.org 
 UK Data Service 
 UK Data Archive 
 OpenMinTeD 
 OpenAIRE 
 Horizon 2020 Open Research Data Pilot 
 Day Thomson, S., Preserving Social Media, Digital Preservation Coalition 2016 
 
Some useful legal sources: 
 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 
 Directive 96/9/EC of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases 
 The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679 
 Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), WTO, 1995 
 
 
  
The production of this information guide has been supported by  
CREATe, University of Glasgow, the University of Glasgow Research Information Management Services and Jisc. 
Suggested citation: Information Guide: Introduction to Ownership of Rights in Research Data, CREATe, University of 
Glasgow, 2018 
Published under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence – CC-BY 4.0 
 
   
CRediT taxonomy 
Writer: Dr. Sheona Burrow, CREATe - University of Glasgow 
Supervision: CREATe - University of Glasgow & University of Glasgow Research 
Information Management Services 
Reviewing & Editing: Participants at a series of workshops held in Glasgow on 2nd 
November, 6th April and 29th June 2018. 
Project Administration: Valerie McCutcheon, University of Glasgow 
Funding: Jisc (Grant Reference DIINNAA) 
 
 
 
 
 


http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/171314/1/171314.pdf

Information Guide: Introduction to Ownership of Rights in Research Data. CREATe, University of Glasgow, 2018

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