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黄土区长期施用磷肥对冬小麦产量、吸氮特性及土壤肥力的影响
Authors
张少民
柳燕兰
郝明德
Publication date
1 January 2007
Publisher
Abstract
为了明确长期施用磷肥对冬小麦产量、吸氮特性和土壤肥力的影响,通过21年的黄土高原旱地长期定位肥料试验,测定了冬小麦每株有效小穗数、穗粒数、成穗数、千粒重和干物质量以及植株和土壤中的氮、磷养分含量。结果表明,合理施用磷肥(45~135 kg/hm2)能提高冬小麦穗粒数和千粒重,并能显著提高每株有效小穗数、成穗数和冬小麦抽穗期后干物质累积量,继而显著提高产量,其中当磷肥施用量为135 kg/hm2时,产量最高,为2 869.0kg/hm2,但磷肥施用量过大(达到180 kg/hm2)时,成穗数和抽穗期后干物质累积量显著降低,导致产量显著下降;冬小麦的氮素累积动态呈先增加后下降的趋势,增施磷肥能增加冬小麦吸氮量,但到成熟时,冬小麦地上部分出现氮素损失,损失量达13.4%~44.2%;长期施用磷肥能增加土壤有机质和氮素含量,并显著提高土壤磷素含量,其中全磷含量增加10.7%~64.5%,速效磷含量增加234.6%~667.3%。长期合理施用磷肥,能提高冬小麦产量、吸氮量以及土壤中有机质和氮磷养分含量
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Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources
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Last time updated on 21/09/2018