Andrási, Dávid

Bódi, Éva

Fekete, István

Kovács, Béla

Rakonczás, Nándor

European Chemical Bulletin

University of Debrecen Electronic Archive

Effects of various grape rootstocks on macro and microelement uptake of a grape cultivar                                 Section C-Research Paper 
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2012, 1(12), 524-527 524
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS ON MACRO 
AND MICROELEMENT UPTAKE OF ’CSERSZEGI FŰSZERES’ 
GRAPE CULTIVAR 
István Fekete[a]*, Nándor Rakonczás[b], Dávid Andrási[a], Éva Bódi[a], Béla 
Kovács[a] 
Paper was presented at the 4th International Symposium on Trace Elements in the Food Chain, Friends or Foes, 15-17 November, 2012, 
Visegrád, Hungary 
 
Keywords: grape rootstock, microelements intake, Cserszegi fűszeres, grape variety 
Data on mineral uptake of various scion-cultivar combinations demonstrated in the paper represent preliminary findings of a long term field
experiment. The variety collection was established on immune sand soil in 2003. In the experimental field leaf samples were collected from
9 different rootstock and ’Cserszegi fűszeres’ scion cultivars (the same stocks) before vintage of 2011, along with that of own rooted stocks
as control. In the samples 9 elements were analysed (K, Ca, Mg, Cu, P, B, Mn, Fe and Zn). Differences were found between mineral
composition of leaf samples of rootstocks and ’Cserszegi fűszeres’ scion grafted on them. A consequently higher content of K, Mg, Mn,
and Zn was found in scion, and P, Ca, B, Cu, Fe in rootstock leaf samples.  
 
* Corresponding Authors 
Fax: 36-52-417572 
E-Mail: feketei@agr.unideb.hu 
[a] University of Debrecen,  
Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, 
Institute of Food Science, Quality Assurance and 
Microbiology, H-4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138. 
[b] University of Debrecen,  
 Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences 
 Institute of Horticulture, H-4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 
138. 
Introduction 
After devastative invasion of phylloxera (Dactulosphaira 
vitifoliae Fitch.) to Europe the common biological 
preventive technology of graft making is used to eliminate 
the risk of infection. Since then, plantations on not immune 
sandy soils (with quartz content lower than 75%15) can only 
be established with the use of grafts. 
According to summary of Angeli et al. (1959)1 some 
characteristics of rootstock varieties are the following: 
mineral take up, soil demand, tolerance to lime and salt 
content of the soil, affinity and effects on biological cycle of 
the scion. Characteristics of rootstock varieties were studied 
by many researchers, since at their selection this crucial 
information give basic guideline to find the one, which 
mostly suits conditions of the planed vineyard. These 
characteristics of commonly used rootstock varieties show 
good correlation with corresponding data on their parent 
species of different geographical origin. The most common 
parental species used in ennobling of rootstocks are the 
following: Vitis Riparia Scheel., Vitis Rupestris Mich., Vitis 
Berlandieri Plan. and Vitis Vinifera L..8 
Lately there are 19 rootstock varieties listed in National 
Variety Register of Hungary, however only a few is used.2  
Range of commonly propagated rootstock varieties is larger 
in the neighbouring countries. Choice of ideal rootstock-
scion combination at the establishment has determinative 
role in the life of a plantation. An ideal rootstock-scion 
combination according to the aim of the production (wine- 
or table grape) has beneficial effects on the quality 
parameters of the grape, must and wine, and it can even 
result higher yields together with better quality.2, 11 In this 
context, an important result was highlighted by Hegedűs and 
I’só (1965)6, that showed, that not the same rootstock result 
the best data on the range of scion cultivars. 
Rootstocks have direct and indirect effects on scion.4, 13 
Rootstock varieties differently affect fruiting, rate of growth, 
yield and fruit quality. In the process of these effects a 
highly crucial role has both the rootstock and the scion.3 It is 
important from the point of growth and evolution of the 
stocks, that grafts fruit earlier than own rooted plants.16 
Accumulation of inorganic mineral elements change in 
grafts compared to that of own rooted stocks9. However 
rootstock-scion interaction has a crucial effect on mineral 
uptake of the grape7, this effect might alter or decrease to a 
great extent due to ecological factors and geographical 
characteristics.4 
Materials and methods 
Grape variety collecting point of the University of 
Debrecen was established in 2003 on immune sand soil in 
Pallag (10 km north from Debrecen) having 3 m between 
row and 1 m between stock spacing.  
The Table 1. shows the properties of soil of model farm at 
0-30 cm and 30-60 cm sampling depths. Table 2. shows the 
plant available K, Mg, P, Ca, Mn, B, Cu, Fe and Zn content 
of soil of model farm in 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm sampling 
depths. The soil samples were prepared for chemical 
analyses by extraction with 0.5 M ammonium acetate + 0.5 
M acetic acid + 0.02 M EDTA solution (pH 4.65) according 
to Lakanen-Erviö .10 Analyses of 9 elements in soil extract 
were performed with an iCAP 6300 Dual type ICP-OES. 
 
Effects of various grape rootstocks on macro and microelement uptake of a grape cultivar                                 Section C-Research Paper 
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2012, 1(12), 524-527 525
Table 1. Properties of soil of model farm 
PARAMETERS AVERAGE 
Sampling depth (cm) 0-30 30-60 
pH (KCl) 5.93 5.91 
pH (distilled water) 6.85 6.87 
Soil texture sand sand 
All water soluble salt (m/m) 0.005 0.006 
CaCO3 % (m/m) 0.5 0.5 
Humic % (m/m) 1.12 1.08 
 
Table 2. Plant available elements content of soil of model farm 
PARAMETERS AVERAGE (mg kg-1) 
Sampling depth (cm) 0-30 30-60 
Potassium (K) 337 288 
Magnesium (Mg) 171 191 
Phosphorus (P) 144 105 
Calcium (Ca) 1790 1891 
Boron (B) 0.63 0.60 
Manganese (Mn) 329 382 
Copper (Cu) 9.95 7.02 
Iron (Fe) 239 213 
Zinc (Zn) 6.93 4.65 
The 28 rootstock variety of the collection was trained with 
bald-head training leaving no buds at regular pruning on the 
heads. Green grafting of ’Cserszegi fűszeres’ on 14 
rootstock varieties out of 28 was started in 2010. Further on 
grafts were trained according to single curtain training 
system, together with leaving one sampling shoot growing 
each year from the rootstock. 
Leaf samples were collected about 2-3 weeks before 
vintage, from ’Cserszegi fűszeres’ standing on 9 rootstocks 
and from sample shoots of the rootstocks in the cropping 
year 2011. Thus leaf samples of the scion and rootstock 
originate from the same stocks.  
Rootstocks of the 1st year of the experiment were: ’Vitis 
Berlandieri’, ’Berlandieri x Riparia S.O.4’, ’Berlandieri x 
Riparia T.G. 5.A.5.’, ’Berlandieri x Riparia 
T.8.B.’, ’Berlandieri x Riparia T.K. 5.BB’, ’Berlandieri x 
Riparia K.125 AA’, ’Riparia Sauvage’, ’Riparia 
Selecta’ ’Riparia Tomentosa’. 
The scion, ’Cserszegi fűszeres’ (’Traminer’ x ’Irsai 
Olivér’), also called ’Woodcutters white’ is a tolerant, 
middle time ripening white grape cultivar. 
In 2011 and 2012 grafting of the 28 rootstocks was 
continued with changing success, since the range of the 
rootstocks represent a broad range of different compatibility. 
Sample preparation was conducted in laboratory of 
University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied 
Economic Sciences, Institute of Food Sciences, Quality 
Assurance and Microbiology. Nine elements were analysed 
(K, Ca, Mg, P, B, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn), which could be 
informative from the point of plant physiology. Digestion of 
the leaf samples was done open with HNO3-H2O2. Prepared 
samples were measured by iCAP 6300 Dual type ICP-OES. 
Data shown in our paper represented first year results of a 
provisional long term experiment. Counting with the great 
impact of ecological factors, we would not draw conclusion. 
Vintage of 2011 could be characterised with rainy July and 
extremely arid August. 
Results and discussion 
The aim of our experiment was to show how different 
rootstocks affect mineral composition of the scion. The 
Table 3.- 4. represents data on mineral composition of leaf 
samples of ’Cserszegi fűszeres’ standing on 9 rootstocks and 
leaf samples of the rootstocks correspondingly, collected 2-3 
weeks before vintage from the same stocks. 
Results show, that potassium content of rootstock leaf 
samples were below optimum values given by reference 
data14, withstanding that potassium contents of scion leaf 
samples show optimum status concerning this element. Data 
of 2011 show a higher potassium concentration in leaf 
samples of the scion independent to the rootstock cultivar. 
It is obvious, that magnesium contents of leaf samples 
both of rootstocks and of the scion show lower values 
compared to previous data. The reason could be the period 
of extreme drought during August 2011. It is also visible, 
that magnesium content of scion leaves was somewhat 
higher than measured in the case of rootstocks. Exceptions 
were Vitis Berlandieri, Berlandieri x Riparia T.G. 5A5 and 
Berlandieri x Riparia S.O.4. with higher values in the 
rootstock leaf samples. 
Results show, that average phosphorus content of leaf 
samples both in the case of rootstock and scion was over the 
reference optimum level given by Szűcs et al. (1981)14. Data 
of 2011 also show, that average phosphorus content of 
rootstock leaves was higher than that of scion leaves. For 
two exceptions, Vitis Berlandieri and Berlandieri x Riparia 
T.G. 5A5 stands the opposite. 
Average calcium content of the leaf samples of rootstock 
and scion grafted on them is well according to reference 
optimum value given by Szűcs et al. (1981)14. According to 
data of 2011, higher average calcium content was 
experienced in rootstock leaves. In the case of three 
exceptions, Berlandieri x Riparia T. 8B, Riparia Tomentosa, 
and Riparia Selecta the higher calcium level was measured 
in scion leaf samples. 
Average boron content both of rootstock and scion leaf 
samples was in accordance with reference optimum values. 
Data of 2011 showed, that boron content of rootstock leaves 
was somewhat higher compared to scion samples. 
In respect to manganese content it is clear to see, that a 
much higher level was experienced in both cases compared 
to the reference data (Szűcs et al., 1981)14. More over a toxic 
manganese level was measured in the case of own rooted 
control ‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ leaf samples. Data of 2011 
showed, that manganese level of scion leaves was higher 
than in the case of rootstock samples. 
Effects of various grape rootstocks on macro and microelement uptake of a grape cultivar                                 Section C-Research Paper 
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2012, 1(12), 524-527 526
Table 3. Element content of leaf samples of 9 rootstocks and 
‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ grafted on them (Pallag, 2011) 
Variety/ Element K % Mg % P % Ca % 
Optimum values of 
leaf analysis* 1.01-1.40 0.30-0.40 0.16-0.23 
2.50-
3.20 
Cserszegi fűszeres 
own rooted 1.25 0.295 0.257 3.48 
V. Berlandieri 
rootstock 0.950 0.184 0.269 2.83 
V. Berlandieri 
scion 1.32 0.176 0.277 2.78 
BxR T.G. 5 A 5  
rootstock 0.739 0.216 0.337 3.37 
BxR T.G. 5 A 5  
scion 1.05 0.205 0.372 2.95 
BxR S.O.4 
rootstock 0.727 0.152 0.365 3.01 
BxR S.O.4 
scion 1.19 0.143 0.188 1.95 
Riparia Sauvage 
rootstock 0.786 0.178 0.509 3,83 
Riparia Sauvage 
scion 
1.27 0.208 0.289 2.86 
BxR T. 8B 
rootstock 0.843 0.169 0.350 2.39 
BxR T. 8B 
scion 1.29 0.203 0.248 3.11 
Riparia Tomentosa 
rootstock 0.999 0.124 0.300 1.45 
Riparia Tomentosa 
scion 1.14 0.172 0.266 3.05 
BxR K 125 AA 
rootstock 0.997 0.160 0.318 3.14 
BxR K 125 AA 
scion 1.09 0.205 0.313 3.06 
BxR T.K. 5BB 
rootstock 0.825 0.163 0.321 3.75 
BxR T.K. 5BB 
scion 1.022 0.168 0.220 3.11 
Riparia Selecta 
rootstock 0.900 0.150 0.330 2.23 
Riparia Selecta 
scion 
1.46 0.161 0.253 2.55 
Average rootstock 0.863 0.166 0.344 2.89 
Average scion 1.208 0.194 0.268 2.89 
Deviation rootstock 0.100 0.030 0.070 0.76 
Deviation scion 0.140 0.040 0.050 0.41 
RSD% rootstock 12.1 15.4 19.7 26.5 
RSD% scion 11.3 21.7 18.8 14.3 
Comments: K-, Mg-, P- and Ca: %,  B-, Mn-, Cu, Fe- and Zn: 
ppm (in dry matter) Data in boldface type represent the lowest 
values of the element, whereas Underlined and bolded data 
represent the highest values, in respect to rootstock varieties and 
scion grafted on them.5, 14 
Data show, that average copper content both in the case of 
rootstock and scion leaf samples was much lower, than the 
reference data. A reason for this effect could be the 
extremely dry vintage of 2011, and the well-known 
antagonism of manganese and copper.12 Data of 2011 
showed, that average copper concentration of rootstock 
leaves was higher than in the case of leaf samples collected 
from the scion parts of the stocks.  
One exception was experienced in this comparison. In the 
case of Berlandieri x Riparia K 125 AA rootstock, leaf 
sample from the scion showed higher copper content. 
 
Table 4. Element content of leaf samples of 9 rootstocks and 
‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ grafted on them (Pallag, 2011) 
Variety/ Element B ppm Mn ppm Cu ppm Fe ppm Zn ppm
Optimum values of 
leaf analysis* 20-40 80-120 20-25 80-120 25-40 
Cserszegi fűszeres 
own rooted 28.2 336 6.28 137 122 
V. Berlandieri 
rootstock 23.7 224 4.87 181 16.1 
V. Berlandieri 
scion 19.5 247 2.96 193 16.0 
BxR T.G. 5 A 5  
rootstock 28.1 171 5.52 310 21.0 
BxR T.G. 5 A 5  
scion 27.0 217 5.28 257 23.3 
BxR S.O.4 
rootstock 14.7 140 4.86 166 20.7 
BxR S.O.4 
scion 11.7 143 3.30 115 13.6 
Riparia Sauvage 
rootstock 25.5 181 4.31 203 20.5 
Riparia Sauvage 
scion 24.3 247 2.81 211 17.1 
BxR T. 8B 
rootstock 28.2 148 5.14 302 20.3 
BxR T. 8B 
scion 22.1 219 2.82 184 16.4 
Riparia Tomentosa 
rootstock 19.1 122 3.18 172 17.2 
Riparia Tomentosa 
scion 18.0 155 2.81 105 15.1 
BxR K 125 AA 
rootstock 26.1 171 4.75 161 16.4 
BxR K 125 AA 
scion 
19.9 233 6.11 181 17.5 
BxR T.K. 5BB 
rootstock 16.7 211 4.10 164 16.6 
BxR T.K. 5BB 
scion 10.8 211 2.80 149 12.8 
Riparia Selecta 
rootstock 21.9 157 5.16 113 19.8 
Riparia Selecta 
scion 18.6 261 2.32 109 26.2 
Average rootstock 22.7 169 4.65 197 18.7 
Average scion 20.0 227 3.75 164 28.0 
Deviation rootstock 4.93 32.7 0.70 66.1 2.09 
Deviation scion 5.75 54.3 1.52 49.7 33.4 
RSD% rootstock 21.8 19.3 15.1 33.6 11.1 
RSD% scion 28.7 23.9 40.5 30.3 119.1 
 
Comments: K-, Mg-, P- and Ca: %,  B-, Mn-, Cu, Fe- and Zn: 
ppm (in dry matter) Data in boldface type represent the lowest 
values of the element, whereas Underlined and bolded data 
represent the highest values, in respect to rootstock varieties and 
scion grafted on them.5, 14 
Effects of various grape rootstocks on macro and microelement uptake of a grape cultivar                                 Section C-Research Paper 
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2012, 1(12), 524-527 527
In respect to both leaf samples average iron content was 
higher, zinc content was lower, then the reference data.14 In 
the case of own rooted ‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ an extremely 
high zinc level (110%) was measured. 
 
Conclusion 
 
In our experiment leaf samples of 9 different rootstock 
varieties and ‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ grafted on the same stocks 
were analysed. Results of 2011 support the statement, that 
rootstock variety affect mineral take up of the scion. 
Experienced differences between rootstocks can be due to 
genetic background, environmental factors of the vintage 
and differences in compatibility of the scion-rootstock 
combination, since the range of examined rootstocks 
represent a broad range of compatibility and affinity. A 
comprehensive examination of this question needs a long 
term experiment to define the range of rootstocks, that 
facilitate best quality potential and stability in mineral take 
up and resistance to climatic extremities. 
Acknowledgements 
The publication is supported by the TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-
10/1-2010-0024 and TÁMOP-4.2.1./B-09/1/KONV-2010-
0007 projects. The projects are co-financed by the European 
Union and the European Social Fund. 
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Received: 26.10.2012. 
Accepted:26.11.2012. 
 
Effects of various grape rootstocks on macro and microelement uptake of a grape cultivar                                 Section C-Research Paper 
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2012, 1(12), 524-527 528
 


Effects of various grape rootstocks on macro and microelement uptake of 'Cserszegi Fűszeres' grape cultivar

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Effects of various grape rootstocks on macro and microelement uptake of 'Cserszegi Fűszeres' grape cultivar

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