Reynolds, JC

Starzl, TE

Sugitani, A

Todo, S

Tsuboi, M

PubMed

Name not available

Extrinsic reinnervation of the intestine after small bowel autotransplantation in dogs

D-Scholarship@Pitt

-------------_ .. _ .. _._ .....•.... _ .. Extrinsic Reinnervation of the Intestine After Small Bowel Autotransplantation in Dogs A. Sugitani, J.e. Reynolds, M. Tsuboi, S. Todo. and T.E. Starzl I MMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL examination of two failed human small intestinal grafts showed no evi-dence of extrinsic reinnervation for up to 22 or 8 months whereas intrinsic neural innervation showed only a slight decrease from normal intestine. The mechanisms respon-sible for this lack of neural input are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine extrinsic reinnerva-tion in canine small bowel autotransplantation (SBT). This model eliminates potential aggravating factors such as rejection and immunosuppressant medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The entire small intestine of adult mongrel dogs was isolated on a vascular pedicle of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV). After ftushing the SMA and irrigating the lumen. the graft was immediately reimplanted into the same dog. Arterial recon-struction was done by either end-to-end SMA to SMA (E-E) or end-to-side SMA to aorta with an iliac arterial interpositionai graft (E-S). Venous reconstruction was done by E-E SMV to SMV anastomoses. Intestinal continuity was restored by E-E anasto-moses of the jejunum and ileum. The animals were killed to obtain specimens at four intervals: \, 3. 6. and 12 months following transplantation. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentration of norepinephrine (NE) on full thickness specimens ofjeiunum and ileum from sham control dogs as well as those of host/graft jejunum (Table II and host/graft ileum (Table 2) from autotransplanted dogs at each time period. Indirect immunohistochemistry was applied to jejunal and ileal specimens from six controls and autotransplanted dogs to exam-ine immunelike reaction to extrinsic (tyrosine hydroxylase ITHll. mixed intrinsic and extrinsic (neuropeptide Y. substance P. calci-tonin. gene-related peptide). and intrinsic neurotransmitters (va-soactive intestinal peptide. galanin. gastrin releasing peptide. L-enkephalin. l.md somatostatin I. Table 1. nssue NE Concentration Host Jelunum Grall Jelunum Group No. (ll!Yg) (1l!Y91 Control 10 108.12!: 31.50 1 mo 6 54.42 !: 50.46 0.60 = 0.46 3mo 5 46.58 = 40.17 O.SO = 0.30 6 mo IE to E) 2 85.96 = 82.87 1.23 = 0.02 6 mo (E to 5) 2 63.44:!: 2.40 0.70:: 0.99 12 mo IE to E) 3 64.00 = 27.74 29.24 = 8.14' 12 mo (E to 5) 3 111.36 :: 27.94 10.57 !: 4.82 AllbrevtahOnS: E 10 E. end-to-end artenal anaslOlTlOSls: E to S. end-to-SlOe artenaJ anastomoSIs wnn artenal grail ,nlerooseo. • p -: 05 vs!tle otner gran l8junum DV analySIs 01 vanance. 27% value 01 control Jejunum Table 2. nuue NE ConcentratIon Host Ileum Graft Ileum Group No. (1lIJ'g) ('V'V) Control 8 136.46 :: 48.54 1 mo 2 71.89:: 40.13 0.13: 0.18 3mo 3 77.53 :: 36.13 1.31: 0.11 6 mo (E 10 E) 2 191.81 :: 0.48 1.22.: 0.46 6 mo (E loS) 2 137.87:: 67.22 0.46: 0.21 12 mo (E to E) 3 168.96 = 15.54 60.14 :t: 30.00· 12 mo (E to S) 3 201.12:: 70.82 5.12: 3.10 AbbrevIations: e 10 E. end-to-end arterial anastomosis; E to S. end401ide arterial anaatornosII with artelial grail Interposed. 'p< .05 VI the otI1er graft Ileum by ana/ylil 01 variance. 44% value 01 control ileum. RESULTS The concentration of NE in the host jejunum (Table 1) and in the host ileum (Table 2) of autotransplanted dogs was the same as respective controls. No measurable levels of NE were detected in any graft from 1.3. and 6 months nor in the 12-month E-S graft. In contrast. NE in the 12-month E-E graft jejunum and graft ileum was significantly in-creased compared with the other grafts. Immunoreactivity to intrinsic neuropeptides was similar to controls for all grafts. However. there was no evidence of immunoreac-tivity to extrinsic neuropeptides or TH in any experimental animal up to 3 months after transplantation. At 6 months. one of six E-E dogs showed scant perivascular staining for all four extrinsic peptides. At 12 months. sparse extrinsic peptide immunoreactivity was seen in all three dogs that underwent E-E anastomosis. In dogs undergoing E-S anastomosis. extrinsic innervation was absent in one and very sparse in the other two. In the dogs that had positive fibers. the graft ileum had more positive fibers than the graft jejunum with the exception of one 12-month-old E-S dog. DISCUSSION A previous report showed no reappearance of TH immu-noreactive extrinsic nerves 100 days after SBT in rats.' and an extrinsically denervated in ~ilr canine model From the Transplantation Institute and Department of MediCIne. University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania (A.S .• J.C.R .. S.T .. T.E.S.); TOSOH Corp. Address repnnt requests to Thomas E. Starzl. MD. PhD. Pitts-burgh Transplantation Institute. 5C Falk Clinic. 3601 Fifth Avenue. Pittsburgh. PA 15213. c' 1994 by Appleton & Lange 0041-1345/941$3.00/ +0 1640 Transplantation Proce90mgs. Vol 26. No 3 (June,. 1994: pp 1640-1641 EXTRINSIC REINNERVATION showed no measurable values of tissue catecholamine up to 12 weeks postoperativelyK~ Contrary to these findings. a recent report showed extrinsic adrenergic nerve regrowing along the mesenteric artery starting 3 weeks after SBT. followed by reappearance in the intramural area 15 weeks after SBT using an E-S vascular anastomosis model in rats. 3 From the present study we conclude: (I) Extrinsic reinnervation of autotransplanted canine small intestine is first detected I year after SBT. as evidenced by the presence of NE in tissues. and the presence of fibers 1641 immunoreactive to TH and extrinsic neuropeptides: (2) extrinsic reinnervation occurs more readily in E-E arterial anastomosis than in E-S arterial anastomosis: and (3) extrinsic reinnervation is more prominent in the graft ileum than in the graft jejunum. REFERENCES I. Hirose R. et al: Transplant Proc 24:1108. 1992 2. Nelson DK. Sarr MG. Go VLW: Gut 32: 1336. 1991 3. Kiyochi H. et al: Jpn J Gastroenterol Surg 26:1587. 1993 

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Extrinsic reinnervation of the intestine after small bowel autotransplantation in dogs

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