Bidlingmaier, Frank

Dorr, H. G.

Eisenmenger, Wolfgang

Knorr, D.

Kuhnle, U.

English

Open Access LMU

DEMONSTRATION OF MINERALOCORTICOI D RECEPTOR DEFICIEN-8 1 CY I N TWO SIBLI NGS WITH PS EUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISOI(PH). Ursula Kuhnle, Helmuth Do rr, Thomas Strasse r, Pete r ~.Jebe r , Dietrich Knorr, Decio Armanini. Children's Hospital~ Internal Medicine Hospi tal, Univers ity of t-1unic h, Mun ich, FRG. Aldost erone(A) binding sites have been demonstrated in human mononucl ear leucocytes (H}IT..). The measureme nt of the mine ralocorti-coi d binding capaci ty of these recep tors coul d be a va luab l e tool t o as sess s ta t es of mineral oc ortico id insensit ivi ty in humans. We here present da ta obtained in 2 sibs with PH and t heir pa-rents. The 8 y o ld girl was diagnosed in infanc y aft er a severe s alt -losing crisis . Plsma renin activity(PRA) and A we re elevat -ed. In the 2 y old brother the diagnosis was suspect ed when hypo-nat raemia and hyperka l aemia occured in the fir st week of life. At this time PRA and A were normal but became e leva t ed a t 3months o f age. Bo th children receive ora l s odium suppL e ment at ion, th e dosage needed t o normalize the sodium balance in the girl i s con-side rably highe r than in the younge r brot he r. The pa rents show no s igns o f s od i um imbalance . \,~en measuring the A binding i n HML we found no binding sites in the gir l. In the boy , t here we re 62 r ecep tor s/ce l l (r/c) as compa red to 170+29 r/ c in normal chi ldren . The binding sit es in th e pare nts wer; with i n th e no rmal adult ra nge. These result s are s t rong evidence tha t the A insensivit y in PH i s due to a de-f iciency o f mine ralocorticoid recepto rs . I t may be speculat e d th a t th is deficiency is al so present in o the r mine ra locortico i d t arge t organs in particu l ar i n the kidney . The exist e nce of a sma ll amount of recepto r in the boy may e xplain the more f av orab-l e cour se in th is ch ild . PRENATAL TREATME NT OF CONGENITAL ADR ENAL HYPERPLAS IA 82 (CAH ): FURTHER STUDIES IN MOTHERS AND CAH UNAFFECTED INFANTS. M. David*, M.G . Fore st*and H. Betuel* . Pediatr i c clinic, In se rm-U .34, Hop ital Debrous se and Cen tre de transfusion san guine , Lyon , France. In an at tempt to prevent in utero viril ization of female fe -tuses wiUJ CA H due to 21 -hydroxy l ase def iciency, we have propo-sed the following protocol of treatment{ Rx ){J .Ped 1984, 105, 799. Thi s protocol is based on the suppress i ve action of~e f et al adrenals by dexamethasone{dex ) given to the mother . Rx must be s tarted befo re the criti cal time of sex differencia t ion ( i e . befo re9 wks). Dex was chosen because of its efficient pla -cental t ransfer, la ck of binding to plasma proteins and it s pro-l ong ed half-life.The dosage of dex used(. 5 mg twi ce a day) was judged suffi cient on bio l ogica l ~arameters sh owing a suppre s-sion of maternal and fe ta l adren al s .Diagnosis of CAH in utero wa s based on HLA typin g of amniotic flui d cell s in mid-pregnan -cy . Seven mothers at r isk were started on such Rx at a mean of 7 wks' preg na ncy. Exce pt in one case (J. Ped 1984 , 105, 799), the fetuses were found CAH unaffected. Rx was well-rDlerated in all mot hers,but stopped at 20- 22 wks when full pren atal diagnos i s was ach ieved . Pregnancie s ~Iere a ll une ventfull and the 3 boys an d the 3 girls were fu l lterm babi es. These infa nts now a few mont hs to 3 year old ha ving thus re ceived a gluco co r t i co id ' Rx at somewhat phys iol og i cal dosages during the f irst part of pregnan cy al so show n0rm~l deve]bpmenta~ fea tures. MEN DE LIAN RATIO DISTORTION IN STEROID 21-HYDROXY-83 LASE DEFICIENCY (210HD). P Speiser, MI New, New York Hosp- Cornell l~ed Ctr, Dept Ped, New York NY 10021 Steroid 2l0HD is a monogenic, HLA-linked, recessively inher-ited condition. The homozygous affected state is not necess-arily lethal . Penetrance is complete by cri teria of ACTH-stimu-1 ated hormonal response. We report a distort i on of the expect-ed Mendelian ratio of 1 homozygou s affected:2 heterozygous:l homozygous unaffected among st families studied with both ACTH-stimulation and HLA-typing. Specifi ca lly, we have observed a paucity of homozygous unaffected individual s. The mendel ian ratio of 1:2 :1 held true if HLA typing alone was considered. However, 50% of offspring predicted by HLA type to be unaffect-ed tested hormonally as het erozygotes, indicating that extreme-ly frequent chromosomal recombination had occurred. Neither paternal nor maternal transmission distortion was observed; nor wa s haplotype transmission distorted by specific HLA associa-tions, Using hormonal criteria solely, there was a 35% in-crease over the expected number of heterozygotes (p <'005), re sul ting in a comparable decrease in homozygous unaffect ed individuals who had been ACTH-tested. Exc luding one proband per family, there wa s no deviation from the expected proportion of homozygous affected individuals even when deceased sibs we re included. Conclusion: In light of the excess number of heter-ozygotes and fewer than expected unaffected indi iduals among 2l 0HD families, it appears that there is some pressure to transmit the haplotype segment bearing the gene for 2l0HD. Whether this ca n be attributed to the 210HD gene itself remains to be proven. STUDY OF THE HUMAN GENE FOR THE CHOLESTEROL SIDE-· 84 CHAIN CLEAVAGE ENZYME , P450scc (20 , 22 DES/oKllJ\SE) IN CONGENITAL LIPOID ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA. Karla J . ~!atteson, Bon-chu Chung, WaIter L. Hiller, University of California , San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco , CA , USA Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone is mediated by the sL~gle mitochondrial cholesterol side-chai n cleavage (SCC) enzyme P450scc, formerly termed 20 , 22 desmol ase . sce activity is absent in patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyper-plasia (lipoid CAB) and direct evi dence for absent P450scc protein his bePJ> reported in one case . To determine if sce deficiency is caused by deletion of the P450scc gene, we obtained l eukocytes fran 3 of the 10 reported living patients wi th lipoid CAB. Leukocyte DNA was cleaved ,vith restriction endonucleases and analyzed on Southern blots . Bl ots were probed with long chemically synthesized oligonucleotides contaL~ing 63 to 72 bases of the bovine P450scc cDNA sequenc,~, and with a 1 kb human P450scc cDNA cl oned in our laboratory. Analysis of Northern blots of hcunan and bCY/ ine adrenal mRNA indi cate the P450scc mRNA is 2.0 kb l.ong a;",d ari ses fr an pre=sors "'6 kb l ong in l:xJth srecies , i ndicating the P450scc gene is about 6 kb . Analysis of Southern blots of DNA from ':he 3 patients and 8 control s showed no deletion in the human P450scc gene , and no detectable restriction fragment l eng+Jl polyrrorphisms with the following enzymes: BaJrHI, EcoRl, HindIII , PstI , PvuII, and ~gI. We conclude -thatthe Clbsent SCC activit y in t he adrenals and gonads of patients Hi th lipJic CAB is r.ot due t o a lurge deleti on in the P450scc gene . SIGNI FICANC E OF THE ADRENALS AND THE TES TES FOR THE 85 PRODUC TION OF TESTOSTERONE CT) AND ANDROST ENED IONE CA) DUR ING MALE INFANCY . Frank Bidl ingmaier, Wo lf-gang Eisenmenger, Helmuth DOrr, Ursula Kuhn le, Dietrich KnOrrc Children's Hospital and Inst itute fo r Forens ic Pathology, Uni vers ity of Muni ch, Muni ch, FRG. We previ ousl y repor ted hi gh concentrati ons of T in infant.ile t estes during the first 4 months of li f e and a sharp decline thereaft er corresponding wel l t o the plasma concentrati ons of T in this age group. Test icu lar A was lcw and d id not corre lat.e with pl asma A concentrat ions. To eva l uate the s ignif icance of the adrenal cortex as another source of c irculating androgens in mal e infancy we measured A and T in whole adrena ls of 56 boys day t o 2 yea rs of age . The med ian concentrations found in d ' ffe-ren t age groups a re shcwn in the t ab l e Cng/g adrenal tissue): Month 1 2 - 3 4 - 6 7 - 12 12 - A - -- - - - 186- - - - - 37 - - - - - 17- - - - - -10 - - - - 10 T 21 5 3 2 2 The decrease of ad renal androgen concentrat ions during the first yea r of I ife paral le ls the invo luti on of the ad rena l feta l "one. There is a close co rre 1 at i on between the adrena 1 and t he plasma concent rations of A but not of T. I f we C011[)a re the t otal con-tent of A and T in testes and adrena ls we f ind a t least 10 t imes more A in the adrenals than in t he tes tes duri ng the f irst 2 years of age . The t estes cont a in rrore T than the adrena ls onl y during t he f irst 4 rront hs . Thus we f ind that the adrena ls a'e a maj or source of A during the first 2 years, afte r the 6th month of life they seem to be the ma i n source even of T. INC REAS ED PLASMA DHEA AND DHEAS AND ABS ENT OR VERY 86 LOW URINARY DHEAS , A NEW CAUSE OF HIRSUTI SM (H). Mil o Zac hmann,Bianca Kempken,Brig itte Mane ll a,Urs Eiholzer,Edmond A.Werder,AI5ert Otten ,and Andrea Prader.O .of Zurl ch, Dept .Pedl at. ,Zurlch;Klnderspltal,Dept.Pedlat.,St.Gall-en, Switzer land, and U.of Giessen,Dept .Pedi at.,G iessen , FRG . 3 Hi rs ute,unrelated gir ls{14.6-1 7.8yrs)with norma l c litoris and regular(l) or irregu lar( 2) men struations were studi ed.Cor-ti so l (12.2-22.7 ug/d l ),testost erone(68-1 72), 17~OH-p rogesterone (107-479),a nd androstenedione( 120-459ng /d l ) in plasma were nor-mal or mo derately increased, but DH EA( 1023-1384ng/dl ) was hi gh. Al so DHEAS (2730-6080 ng/ml) was high,indi cating intact su lfo -kinase. In urine (capi ll ary co lumn gas chromat og raphy) , DHEAS was undetectable after helica se , acid or glucuronidase hydro-lysis,and low (0.4mg/d, lpt), or ab sent(2) after ACTH, but 16", OH-DHEAS was detectable before and after AC TH. Other conj u~a ­tes were normal or slightly increa sed , and dexamethasone-s up -press ibl e .When DHEAS was added to urine, a peak appeared after helicase, exc lud ing hydrolys i S inhi bi t ion. When DHEAS was in -jected iv (50mg, 2pts), DHEAS appeared in uri ne (0. 9-2.9 mg/ d) . With the same do se given to 2 normal girl s (17-1 8 .4 yrs) with norma l ba sa l plasma DHEA(285 and 549ng/dl) ,more DH EAS (4 .6-·6.4 mg/d) ,and a lso some 16"OH-DHEAS appeared . Unconjugated uri nary DHEA in the pts. was similar as or higher tha n in the control s . Thi s new type of H appears to be due to an increased renal t hreshol d for DHEAS , but not for other steroids. Based on plas -ma steroid results al one , such pts.could be erroneously consi-dered to have mi Id 3~-hyd roxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency . Supported by Swiss Nat iona l Sc ience Foundat ion (Grant 3874083) 617 

Significance of the Adrenals and the Testes for the Production of Testosterone (T) and Androstenedione (A) during Male Infancy

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Significance of the Adrenals and the Testes for the Production of Testosterone (T) and Androstenedione (A) during Male Infancy

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