The proteasome is a 700-kD multisubunit enzyme complex with several proteolytically active
sites. The enzyme complex is involved in both ubiquitin-dependent and -independent protein
degradation and may contribute to the processing of antigens presented by major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class I molecules. Here we demonstrate that treatment of mouse fibroblast cells
with 20 U interferon qr (IFN-y) for 3 d induces a change in the proteasome subunit composition
and that the B-type subunit LMP2, which is encoded in the MHC class II region, is incorporated
into the enzyme complex. This is paralleled by reduction of the homologous 6-subunit. IFN-3'
stimulation results in a downregulation of the chymotrypsin-like Suc-LLVY-MCA peptide
hydrolyzing activity of 20S proteasomes whereas the trypsin-like activity remains unaffected.
When tested as a substrate a synthetic 25-mer polypeptide whose sequence covers the antigenic
nonapeptide YPHFMPTNL of the MCMV pp89, 20S proteasomes of IFN-3'-induced cells exhibit
altered chymotrypsin-like cleavage site preferences. In the absence of IFN-qr induction, the naturally
processed nonamer peptide that is presented by MHC class.I molecules appears as a minor cleavage
product. IFN-'y activation does not result in an increase of the final peptide but results in a
different set of peptides. We hypothesize that these peptides represent precursor peptides that
can be trimmed to final peptide size