Additional file 1: Figure S1. Stability in different solutions as indicated of l-PAV-AuNPs and d-PAV-AuNPs. (a) Photos and (b) UV–Vis-NIR of l-PAV-AuNPs or d-PAV-AuNPs in different solutions including saline, PBS, cell medium, fetal bovine serum and dilution of whole blood of the mice for 3 days. Figure S2. The toxicity study of l/d-PAV-AuNPs. (a) Dose- and chirality-dependent cytotoxicity of l/d-PAV-AuNPs in MDA-MB-231 cells, 3T3 fibroblasts and HBL-100 cells respectively. (b) Apoptosis rates of the MDA-MB-231 cells, 3T3 fibroblasts and HBL-100 cells treated with PAV-AuNPs, respectively. FCM analysis was tested via Annexin V-FITC and PI as probes. (c) Expression levels of LC3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, 3T3 fibroblasts and HBL-100 cells with PAV-AuNPs treatment, separately. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Figure S3. Biodistribution of PAV-AuNPs in vivo. The in vivo biodistribution of PAV-AuNPs was analyzed by testing the Au content in main organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and lung) of mice at 1 and 30 days post intravenous injection, separately. * and ** present p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively
