Poly(<i>N</i>‑isopropylacrylamide-<i>co</i>-1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium bromide) Microgels with Internal
Nanophase-Separated Structures
- Publication date
- Publisher
Abstract
Microgels
with internal nanophase-separated structures were fabricated
by surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization of <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and ionic liquid comonomers, namely,
1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium bromide (VIM<i>n</i>Br) with
various lengths <i>n</i> of long alkyl side chain, in an
aqueous solution at 70 °C using <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linker. Combined techniques
of transmission electron microscopy, dynamic and static light-scattering,
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction
(WAXD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and polarized optical
microscopy were employed to systematically investigate the sizes,
morphologies, and properties of the obtained microgels as well as
the microstructures and phase transition of nanophases inside the
microgels. The obtained P(NIPAm/VIM<i>n</i>Br) microgels
are spherical with narrow size distributions, and the nanophases have
a radius of about 8–12 nm and are randomly distributed inside
the microgels. The cooperative competition of the hydrophilic quaternary
vinylimidazole moieties and hydrophobic long alkyl side chains determines
the thermal sensitive behavior of the P(NIPAm/VIM<i>n</i>Br) microgels. DSC and WAXD results reveal that the nanophases consist
of the ordered alkyl side chains with a layered crystalline structure
at low temperature, which exhibit a low melting temperature and a
broad melting transition. SAXS results further show that the nanophases
form a layered liquid crystalline structure at high temperature for
the microgel suspensions and freeze-dried microgels