Modulation
of Lithium Plating in Li-Ion Batteries
with External Thermal Gradient
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Abstract
Li-ion
battery safety is often threatened by undesirable lithium
metal electrodeposition or dendrite growth, during charging. The unpredictable
and complex onset of widely ranging lithium morphologies limits reproducibility,
making prevention and detection strategies difficult to assess. This
work blends the fundamentals of classical metallurgical dendrite growth
with traditional Li-ion battery charging, to prove the ability to
modulate lithium metal deposition through an applied interelectrode
thermal gradient. With NMC (nickel–manganese–cobalt)
cathode warmed to 40 °C and graphite anode cooled to 0 °C,
irreversible lithium plating is observed within 10 cycles, and complete
cell deactivation within 20 cycles. The stages of failure over these
first 20 cycles are assessed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
This work provides a technique for accelerated aging and the reliable
study of lithium deposition in Li-ion batteries