In this letter, a miniaturized, flexible and high data dense dual-polarized chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. The tag is designed within a minuscule footprint of 29 × 29 mm2 and has the ability to encode 38-bit data. The tag is analyzed for flexible substrates including Kapton® HN DuPont™ and HP photopaper. The humidity sensing phenomenon is demonstrated by mapping the tag design, using silver nano-particle based conductive ink on HP photopaper substrate. It is observed that with the increasing moisture, the humidity sensing behavior is exhibited in RF range of 4.1–17.76 GHz. The low-cost, bendable and directly printable humidity sensor tag can be deployed in a number of intelligent tracking applications

Anika Winkler

Deni Ribicic

Kelly Marie McFarlin

Mimmi Throne-Holst

Odd Gunnar Brakstad

Roman Netzer

Trond Røvik Størseth

Ribicic D, McFarlin KM, Netzer R, et al. Oil type and temperature dependent biodegradation dynamics - Combining chemical and microbial community data through multivariate analysis. BMC MICROBIOLOGY. 2018;18(1): 83.Background: This study investigates a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil. The rationale for this approach lies in the inherent complexity of the data and challenges associated with comparing multiple experiments with inconsistent sampling points, with respect to inferring correlations and visualizing multiple datasets with numerous variables. We aim to identify novel correlations among microbial community composition, the chemical change of individual petroleum hydrocarbons, oil type and temperature by creating modelled datasets from inconsistent sampling time points. Four different incubation experiments were conducted with freshly collected Norwegian seawater and either Grane and Troll oil dispersed with Corexit 9500. Incubations were conducted at two different temperatures (5 degrees C and 13 degrees C) over a period of 64 days. Results: PCA analysis of modelled chemical datasets and calculated half-lives revealed differences in the biodegradation of individual hydrocarbons among temperatures and oil types. At 5 degrees C, most n-alkanes biodegraded faster in heavy Grane oil compared to light Troll oil. PCA analysis of modelled microbial community datasets reveal differences between temperature and oil type, especially at low temperature. For both oils, Colwelliaceae and Oceanospirillaceae were more prominent in the colder incubation (5 degrees C) than the warmer (13 degrees C). Overall, Colwelliaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae consistently dominated the microbial community at both temperatures and in both oil types. Other families known to include oil-degrading bacteria were also identified, such as Alcanivoracaceae, Methylophilaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Erythrobacteraceae, but they were all present in dispersed oil incubations at a low abundance (< 1%). Conclusions: In the current study, our goal was to introduce a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of dispersed oil, including curve-fitted models of datasets for a greater data resolution and comparability. By applying these approaches, we have shown how different temperatures and oil types influence the biodegradation of oil in incubations with inconsistent sampling points. Clustering analysis revealed further how temperature and oil type influence single compound depletion and microbial community composition. Finally, correlation analysis of degraders community, with single compound data, revealed complexity beneath usual abundance cut-offs used for microbial community data in biodegradation studies

Ribicic, Deni

McFarlin, Kelly Marie

Netzer, Roman

Brakstad, Odd Gunnar

Winkler, Anika

Throne-Holst, Mimmi

Storseth, Trond Rovik

Publications at Bielefeld University

English

Oil type and temperature dependent biodegradation dynamics - Combining chemical and microbial community data through multivariate analysis

Background This study investigates a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil. The rationale for this approach lies in the inherent complexity of the data and challenges associated with comparing multiple experiments with inconsistent sampling points, with respect to inferring correlations and visualizing multiple datasets with numerous variables. We aim to identify novel correlations among microbial community composition, the chemical change of individual petroleum hydrocarbons, oil type and temperature by creating modelled datasets from inconsistent sampling time points. Four different incubation experiments were conducted with freshly collected Norwegian seawater and either Grane and Troll oil dispersed with Corexit 9500. Incubations were conducted at two different temperatures (5 °C and 13 °C) over a period of 64 days. Results PCA analysis of modelled chemical datasets and calculated half-lives revealed differences in the biodegradation of individual hydrocarbons among temperatures and oil types. At 5 °C, most n-alkanes biodegraded faster in heavy Grane oil compared to light Troll oil. PCA analysis of modelled microbial community datasets reveal differences between temperature and oil type, especially at low temperature. For both oils, Colwelliaceae and Oceanospirillaceae were more prominent in the colder incubation (5 °C) than the warmer (13 °C). Overall, Colwelliaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae consistently dominated the microbial community at both temperatures and in both oil types. Other families known to include oil-degrading bacteria were also identified, such as Alcanivoracaceae, Methylophilaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Erythrobacteraceae, but they were all present in dispersed oil incubations at a low abundance (< 1%). Conclusions In the current study, our goal was to introduce a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of dispersed oil, including curve-fitted models of datasets for a greater data resolution and comparability. By applying these approaches, we have shown how different temperatures and oil types influence the biodegradation of oil in incubations with inconsistent sampling points. Clustering analysis revealed further how temperature and oil type influence single compound depletion and microbial community composition. Finally, correlation analysis of degraders community, with single compound data, revealed complexity beneath usual abundance cut-offs used for microbial community data in biodegradation studies.Oil type and temperature dependent biodegradation dynamics. Combining chemical and microbial community data through multivariate analysis.publishedVersio

Størseth, Trond Røvik

SINTEF Open

Oil type and temperature dependent biodegradation dynamics. Combining chemical and microbial community data through multivariate analysis.

Figure S3. PC2 loadings for PCA analysis of microbial community dynamics (Fig. 4). Only top 30 loadings and corresponding taxa are presented here for readability. (PDF 48Â kb

Deni Ribicic (5612087)

Kelly McFarlin (5612090)

Roman Netzer (5612093)

Odd Brakstad (5612096)

Anika Winkler (3067698)

Mimmi Throne-Holst (5612099)

Trond StĂ¸rseth (5612105)

FigShare

Additional file 6: of Oil type and temperature dependent biodegradation dynamics - Combining chemical and microbial community data through multivariate analysis

Zeb, Sumra

Habib, Ayesha

Satti, Javeria Anum

Amin, Yasar

Loo, Jonathan

Tenhunen, Hannu

UWL Repository

Dual-polarized chiplesshumidity sensor tagSumra Zeb1a), Ayesha Habib1, Javeria Anum Satti1, Yasar Amin1,Jonathan Loo2, and Hannu Tenhunen31 ACTSENA, Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University ofEngineering and Technology, Taxila-47050, Punjab, Pakistan2 School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL),Ealing-W5 5RF, UK3 TUCS, Department of Information Technology, University of Turku,Turku-20520, Finlanda) sumra_zeb@hotmail.comAbstract: In this letter, a miniaturized, ﬂexible and high data dense dual-polarized chipless radio frequency identiﬁcation (RFID) tag is presented. Thetag is designed within a minuscule footprint of 29 × 29mm2 and has theability to encode 38-bit data. The tag is analyzed for ﬂexible substratesincluding Kapton® HN DuPont™ and HP photopaper. The humidity sensingphenomenon is demonstrated by mapping the tag design, using silver nano-particle based conductive ink on HP photopaper substrate. It is observed thatwith the increasing moisture, the humidity sensing behavior is exhibited inRF range of 4.1–17.76GHz. The low-cost, bendable and directly printablehumidity sensor tag can be deployed in a number of intelligent trackingapplications.Keywords: humidity sensor, green electronics, low-cost, chipless RFIDClassiﬁcation: Microwave and millimeter-wave devices, circuits, andmodulesReferences[1] M. Bolic, et al.: “Proximity detection with RFID: A step toward the internetof things,” IEEE Pervasive Comput. 14 (2015) 70 (DOI: 10.1109/MPRV.2015.39).[2] K. Wu, et al.: “Millimeter-wave identiﬁcation for future sensing, tracking,positioning and communicating systems,” Global Symposium on MillimeterWaves (GSMM) & ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology andApplications (2016) 1 (DOI: 10.1109/GSMM.2016.7500315).[3] S. Preradovic, et al.: “Chipless RFID: Bar code of the future,” IEEE Microw.Mag. 11 (2010) 87 (DOI: 10.1109/MMM.2010.938571).[4] D. M. Dobkin: The rf in RFID: uhf RFID in Practice (Newnes, 2012).[5] T. M. Choi: “Coordination and risk analysis of VMI supply chains with RFIDtechnology,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat. 7 (2011) 497 (DOI: 10.1109/TII.2011.2158830).[6] A. Habib, et al.: “Frequency signatured directly printable humidity sensing tagusing organic electronics,” IEICE Electron. Express 14 (2017) 20161081 (DOI:10.1587/elex.14.20161081).[7] R. Rezaiesarlak, et al.: “Design of chipless RFID tags based on characteristic© IEICE 2017DOI: 10.1587/elex.14.20170926Received September 8, 2017Accepted October 3, 2017Publicized October 24, 2017Copyedited November 10, 20171LETTER IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.14, No.21, 1–6mode theory (CMT),” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63 (2015) 711 (DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2382640).[8] M. Zomorrodi and N. C. Karmakar: “Cross-polarized printable chipless RFIDtag with superior data capacity,” Proc. of the 44th European MicrowaveConference (EuMC) (2014) 766 (DOI: 10.1109/EuMC.2014.6986547).[9] R. A. A. Rodrigues, et al.: “Design of planar resonators on ﬂexible substrate forchipless tags intended for crack sensing,” IEEE 15th Mediterranean MicrowaveSymposium (MMS) (2015) 1 (DOI: 10.1109/MMS.2015.7375402).[10] N. Javed, et al.: “Directly printable moisture sensor tag for intelligentpackaging,” IEEE Sensors J. 16 (2016) 6147 (DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2016.2582847).[11] L. Xu and K. Huang: “Design of compact trapezoidal bow-tie chipless RFIDtag,” Int. J. Antennas Propag. 2015 (2015) 502938 (DOI: 10.1155/2015/502938).1 IntroductionMan has always strived for a better, easier and more comfortable living standardand the revolutionary technology of Internet of things (IoT) is thought to be one ofthe most effective platforms in changing this dream to reality. IoT acts as a bridgebetween human beings and all the objects in the physical world around them; soas to create a meshwork of closely associated objects/items [1]. Radio frequencyidentiﬁcation (RFID) is the imperative prerequisite of IoT; without this IoT wouldnot have been known better than a fantasy. RFID is a contactless wirelesstechnology [2], which has earned widespread popularity, owing to its uniqueattribute of readily identifying/tracking the objects without requiring any line ofsight communication [3] for its operation. RFID system [4] comprises of two basiccomponents; RFID reader or interrogator that is attached to a computer and RFIDtag, more speciﬁcally known as a transponder. RFID is used in a number ofapplications including health care, asset tracking [5], logistics [6] and supply chainmanagement [7] etc.Chip-based tags consist of an integrated circuit [8] that poses strict monetarylimitations and therefore are no longer the ideal choice of academic as well as theindustrial sector. Chipless RFID tags have gathered much attention of the researchercommunity due to their low-cost, ability to cater high data capacity and simpledesign. They work on the principle of backscattering i.e., the reader showers theinterrogating signal on the tag which then reﬂects the encoded information back tothe reader. Furthermore, in order to achieve smart working, sensing feature isintegrated along with data storing characteristic of chipless RFID tags. Dependingon the environment and nature of a particular application chipless tags can bedeployed as crack, moisture, gas and temperature sensors [9, 10].In past, the researchers have achieved 24-bits within a tag dimension of20:6  19:9mm2 covering a bandwidth of 13.5GHz [10], whereas in the proposedresearch work the tag yields 38-bits in a squeezed bandwidth of 13.66GHz withina compact size of 29  29mm2. The tag has a dual-polarized circuitry which depictits polarization independent nature. The uniqueness of proposed backscatteringbased chipless RFID tag relies on its compact size, low budget requirement, and© IEICE 2017DOI: 10.1587/elex.14.20170926Received September 8, 2017Accepted October 3, 2017Publicized October 24, 2017Copyedited November 10, 20172IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.14, No.21, 1–638-bit high data capacity together with the ability to yield a better paper based radarcross section (RCS) response.2 Proposed chipless tag designThe proposed chipless tag is designed using different substrates and radiators.Initially, the tag is analyzed and optimized for item-level tagging using ﬂexiblesubstrate Kapton® HN DuPont™ along with aluminum and silver nano-particlebased conductive ink as radiators. Keeping in view, the ample accessibility and lowmanufacturing cost of paper the tag is also scrutinized for green electronic basedmoisture sensing using HP photopaper substrate along with silver nano-ink asradiator. Thus the ﬂexible paper based tag can be easily deployed on irregularsurfaces. From previous researches, it is observed that the RCS response degradeswith the use of paper substrate [8]. In [10] the quality of the RCS response is muchdegraded. Contrary to this, the proposed tag structure is designed in such a mannerthat signiﬁcantly improves the quality of the RCS response which ultimately leadsto its use in long read range applications. The tag is designed using CST StudioSuite® tool. The labelled tag design is shown in Fig. 1(a).The proposed tag is capable of transmitting 38 number of bits, which signiﬁesthat it can generate 238 number of unique ID’s in a compact dimension of 29 29mm2. The square-shaped geometrical structure of the tag jointly comprises ofthirty-eight slot resonators having different lengths, which is a combination ofnineteen horizontally polarized and nineteen vertically polarized bar-shaped slotresonators. The encoded information is stored in the tag’s resonating structure. Inthe proposed tag design, the metallic radiators are symbolized as M1-M38 and haveﬁxed width of 0.2mm. Whereas, the slots i.e., (gaps between the metal portions) arereferred as S1-S38. The vertical slot resonators are represented by even numeralsand are labeled as S2, S4 so on. Moreover, the horizontal slot resonators arerepresented by odd numerals and are labeled as S1, S3 so on. In order to to achievebetter RCS response, there is a non-uniformity in the width of the slots i.e., (S1,S2 = 6.5mm), (S3, S4, S7, S8, S35 and S36 = 0.4mm), (S5, S6, S9 andS10 = 0.5mm). The slots S11-S34 are of 0.3mm width, whereas, slots S37, S38(b)(a)Fig. 1. (a) Tag design (b) Shorted Tag ID’s© IEICE 2017DOI: 10.1587/elex.14.20170926Received September 8, 2017Accepted October 3, 2017Publicized October 24, 2017Copyedited November 10, 20173IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.14, No.21, 1–6are of 0.7mm width. When the incident electromagnetic (EM) waves energize themetallic radiators then, each slot produces one dip, which ultimately corresponds toone bit or a logic state-1. The logic state-1 can be changed to 0 by shortening a slot.A shorted slot does not give a resonant dip at a particular frequency and thuscorresponds to 0 bit. Hence by shortening, multiple tag ID’s can be generated.Consequently, each tag can be identiﬁed through a unique ID code, which preventsthe data collision in a network. Since each slot resonates at a different frequency, soshortening any slot has a minor impact on frequency response of the neighboringslots [11]. Fig. 1(b) illustrates, the RCS response of paper based tag labelled as(tag ID with all 1’s), secondly, shorted tag ID (generated by shortening slot S12,S15 and S28) and tag ID with all 0’s (obtained by shortening all slots).3 Results and discussionThe tag is analyzed using ﬂexible Kapton® HN substrate along with two differentradiators; aluminum and silver nano-ink. They are referred as ‘Tag-1’ and ‘Tag-2’,respectively. Whereas the paper based tag is named as ‘Tag-3’. A comparison ofTag-1 and Tag-2, reveal that the resonant dips shift slightly, by changing theradiators while keeping the same Kapton® HN substrate. The frequency bands ofTag-1 and Tag-2, given in Table I justify this fact. A characteristic comparison ofthe proposed tag structure, analyzed using different substrates and radiators, ispresented in Table I. The RCS curves, of Tag-1 and Tag-2, are shown in Fig. 2(a)and Fig. 2(b), respectively.Table I. Characteristic comparison tableParameters Tag-1 Tag-2 Tag-3Substrate Kapton® HN Kapton® HN HP photopaperThickness (mm) 0.125 0.125 0.25Permittivity 3.5 3.5 3.2Loss Tangent 0.0026 0.0026 0.04Radiator aluminum silver nano-ink silver nano-inkThickness (mm) 0.007 0.015 0.015Freq. band (GHz) 5.3–17.9 5.3–17.93 4.1–17.76(b)(a)Fig. 2. (a) RCS curve of Tag-1 (b) RCS curve of Tag-2© IEICE 2017DOI: 10.1587/elex.14.20170926Received September 8, 2017Accepted October 3, 2017Publicized October 24, 2017Copyedited November 10, 20174IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.14, No.21, 1–6The proposed tag designed using HP photopaper substrate and silver nano-inkradiator constitutes a sound moisture sensing behavior, which is experimentallyobserved using climatic chamber by Weiss Technik WK11-180. The HP photo-paper has the ability to absorb the moisture present in the environment. It isobserved that, with the increasing humidity level inside the climatic chamber, theelectrical properties of the substrate also vary, due to which the frequency responseof the tag exhibits a subtle shift towards the lower frequencies. The moisturesensing behavior of the tag on H-Probe and V-Probe is studied for different RHvalues i.e., 30%, 60% and 90% which is portrayed in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b),correspondingly.In order to examine the robustness of the paper-based tag its reliability factor isdetermined, for this reason ﬁve to six prototypes of proposed tag were fabricatedand tested. It is observed that the tag depicts 0.3% tolerance along the RCS axis,whereas a tolerance of 0.25% is noticed in RF band of interest. Thus, the proposedtag renders a quite reliable behavior, the reliability curve of the tag on H-Probe andV-Probe is shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b), respectively.The tag is tested using the experimental setup as shown in [11]. It comprises oftwo horn antennas (one is transmitting and the other is receiving horn antenna),a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the chipless RFID tag. The tag is positionedat a far-ﬁeld distance from the antennas. The incident plane wave is showered on to(b)(a)Fig. 3. Humidity sensing curve (a) H-Probe (b) V-Probe(b)(a)Fig. 4. Reliability curve (a) H-Probe (b) V-Probe© IEICE 2017DOI: 10.1587/elex.14.20170926Received September 8, 2017Accepted October 3, 2017Publicized October 24, 2017Copyedited November 10, 20175IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.14, No.21, 1–6the tag using the transmitting antenna, while the receiving antenna gathers thebackscattered signal with the help of (VNA) R&S®ZVL13. The computed andmeasured results on H-Probe along with the prototype of printed tag is shown inFig. 5(a). The tag is printed using FUJIFILM DMP-2800 Dimatrix inkjet printerwith silver nano-ink (Cabot CCI-300) as radiating material. Moreover, Fig. 5(b)depicts the computed and measured RCS response on V-Probe.4 ConclusionA novel, dual polarized, 38-bit tag with a stable paper based RCS response isrevealed. The compact 29  29mm2 tag is liable to generate 238 number of uniqueID’s with minimum ink consumption. The tag also exhibits humidity sensingfunctionality without requiring any external circutry. Owing to its numerousadvantages involving compactness, low manufacturing cost, ﬂexibility togetherwith the ability to produce comparatively sharp and better resonant dips on papersubstrate the tag is an impressive choice for long read range applications.AcknowledgmentsThis work is ﬁnancially assisted by Vinnova (The Swedish Government agency forInnovation Systems) and UET, Taxila Pakistan.(b)(a)Fig. 5. Computed and measured RCS response (a) H-Probe (b) V-Probe© IEICE 2017DOI: 10.1587/elex.14.20170926Received September 8, 2017Accepted October 3, 2017Publicized October 24, 2017Copyedited November 10, 20176IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.14, No.21, 1–6

Dual-polarized chipless humidity sensor tag

Sumra Zeb

Ayesha Habib

Javeria Anum Satti

Yasar Amin

Jonathan Loo

Hannu Tenhunen

Crossref

IEICE Electronics Express

Abstract Background This study investigates a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil. The rationale for this approach lies in the inherent complexity of the data and challenges associated with comparing multiple experiments with inconsistent sampling points, with respect to inferring correlations and visualizing multiple datasets with numerous variables. We aim to identify novel correlations among microbial community composition, the chemical change of individual petroleum hydrocarbons, oil type and temperature by creating modelled datasets from inconsistent sampling time points. Four different incubation experiments were conducted with freshly collected Norwegian seawater and either Grane and Troll oil dispersed with Corexit 9500. Incubations were conducted at two different temperatures (5 °C and 13 °C) over a period of 64 days. Results PCA analysis of modelled chemical datasets and calculated half-lives revealed differences in the biodegradation of individual hydrocarbons among temperatures and oil types. At 5 °C, most n-alkanes biodegraded faster in heavy Grane oil compared to light Troll oil. PCA analysis of modelled microbial community datasets reveal differences between temperature and oil type, especially at low temperature. For both oils, Colwelliaceae and Oceanospirillaceae were more prominent in the colder incubation (5 °C) than the warmer (13 °C). Overall, Colwelliaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae consistently dominated the microbial community at both temperatures and in both oil types. Other families known to include oil-degrading bacteria were also identified, such as Alcanivoracaceae, Methylophilaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Erythrobacteraceae, but they were all present in dispersed oil incubations at a low abundance (< 1%). Conclusions In the current study, our goal was to introduce a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of dispersed oil, including curve-fitted models of datasets for a greater data resolution and comparability. By applying these approaches, we have shown how different temperatures and oil types influence the biodegradation of oil in incubations with inconsistent sampling points. Clustering analysis revealed further how temperature and oil type influence single compound depletion and microbial community composition. Finally, correlation analysis of degraders community, with single compound data, revealed complexity beneath usual abundance cut-offs used for microbial community data in biodegradation studies

Directory of Open Access Journals

BMC Microbiology

Background This study investigates a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil. The rationale for this approach lies in the inherent complexity of the data and challenges associated with comparing multiple experiments with inconsistent sampling points, with respect to inferring correlations and visualizing multiple datasets with numerous variables. We aim to identify novel correlations among microbial community composition, the chemical change of individual petroleum hydrocarbons, oil type and temperature by creating modelled datasets from inconsistent sampling time points. Four different incubation experiments were conducted with freshly collected Norwegian seawater and either Grane and Troll oil dispersed with Corexit 9500. Incubations were conducted at two different temperatures (5 °C and 13 °C) over a period of 64 days. Results PCA analysis of modelled chemical datasets and calculated half-lives revealed differences in the biodegradation of individual hydrocarbons among temperatures and oil types. At 5 °C, most n-alkanes biodegraded faster in heavy Grane oil compared to light Troll oil. PCA analysis of modelled microbial community datasets reveal differences between temperature and oil type, especially at low temperature. For both oils, Colwelliaceae and Oceanospirillaceae were more prominent in the colder incubation (5 °C) than the warmer (13 °C). Overall, Colwelliaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae consistently dominated the microbial community at both temperatures and in both oil types. Other families known to include oil-degrading bacteria were also identified, such as Alcanivoracaceae, Methylophilaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Erythrobacteraceae, but they were all present in dispersed oil incubations at a low abundance (< 1%). Conclusions In the current study, our goal was to introduce a comparative multivariate approach for studying the biodegradation of dispersed oil, including curve-fitted models of datasets for a greater data resolution and comparability. By applying these approaches, we have shown how different temperatures and oil types influence the biodegradation of oil in incubations with inconsistent sampling points. Clustering analysis revealed further how temperature and oil type influence single compound depletion and microbial community composition. Finally, correlation analysis of degraders community, with single compound data, revealed complexity beneath usual abundance cut-offs used for microbial community data in biodegradation studies

NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives

Oil type and temperature dependent biodegradation dynamics. Combining chemical and microbial community data through multivariate analysis

https://figshare.com/articles/Additional_file_6_of_Oil_type_and_temperature_dependent_biodegradation_dynamics_-_Combining_chemical_and_microbial_community_data_through_multivariate_analysis/6944669

Dual-polarized chipless humidity sensor tag

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