La Preeclampsia se considera un problema de salud p\ufablica y est\ue1 asociada a una alta morbi-mortalidad materna y fetal. Por tal motivo, el objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las complicaciones maternas en pacientes con diagn\uf3stico de Preeclampsia ingresadas en el Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\ueda del Hospital Central Universitario "Dr. Antonio Mar\ueda Pineda", durante el lapso mayo-diciembre 2014. Para ello, se realiz\uf3 un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, obteniendo una serie de 152 pacientes, de las cuales 62,50% correspondan al grupo de edad entre 20-34 a\uf1os y 46,05% eran primigestas. Adem\ue1s, 62,50% registraron embarazo pret\ue9rmino, 70,39% estuvieron hospitalizadas entre 2-7 d\uedas y 96,05% reportaron preeclampsia severa; en 75% la v\ueda de terminaci\uf3n fue ces\ue1rea y 84,21% fueron atendidas en sala de parto y las maternidades; sin embargo, 8,55% estuvieron hospitalizadas en el Servicio de Medicina de Agudos y 7,24% en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Trauma Shock. Entre las Comorbilidades se encuentra hipertensi\uf3n arterial cr\uf3nica (15,79%) y obesidad (3,95%). Asimismo, 32,03% presentaron complicaciones maternas, 28,29% complicaciones tanto maternas como fetales, 11,18% complicaciones fetales y 9,87% muerte materna. A su vez, se registraron como complicaciones maternas m\ue9dicas alteraciones hematol\uf3gicas (83,87%), S\uedndrome de Hellp (62,36%), alteraciones metab\uf3licas (39,78%), alteraciones cardio-respiratorias (20,43%) y alteraciones renales (13,97%); mientras que las complicaciones maternas obst\ue9tricas fueron desprendimiento prematuro de placenta (11,82%) y hemorragia postparto (12,90%). De esta manera, al identificar las principales complicaciones maternas es posible ejecutar una conducta adecuada y realizar una intervenci\uf3n precoz para prevenir la aparici\uf3n de las mismas en su forma m\ue1s grave.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Preeclampsia, complicaciones maternas m\ue9dicas y obst\ue9tricas.
ABSTRACT
Preeclampsia is considered a public health problem and it is associated to high maternal and fetal morbility - mortality. For this reason, the objective of the following research was to describe the maternal complications in patients with a diagnosis of preeclampsia who entered in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Central University Hospital "Dr. Antonio Mar\ueda Pineda", during the time period of May - December 2014. A Descriptive retrospective study was made, obtaining a series of 152 patients in which 62,50% corresponded to the age grup between 20-30 years old, 46,05% were newly expecting mothers. In addition, 62,50% registered prematury delivery, 70,39% were hospitalized between 2-7 days and 96,05% reported severe preeclampsia; also a 75% of de way of culmination of pregnancy was by caesarean operation and 84,21% were treated in the delivery room, however, 8,55% were hospitalized in the Acute Medical Service and 7,24% in the Shock Trauma Intensive Care Unit. Between the comorbidities chronic arterial hypertension was found (15,79%) and obesity (3,95%). Likewise, 32,03% presented maternal complications, 2829% showed both maternal and fetal complications, 11,18% fetal complications and 9,87% maternal death. At the same time, hematologic alterations were registered as medical maternal complications (83,87%), Hellp syndrome (62,36%) metabolic alterations (39,78%), cardio-respiratory alterations (20,43%) and renal alterations (13,97%); whereas the obstetric alterations were premature release of the placenta (11,82%) and postpartum hemorrhage (12,90%). In the way, it was achieved to obtain the main maternal complications in manner to use the most adequate conduct for this disorder together with the early interventions to be able to decrease the maternal events adverse in the context of its acute form.
KEY WORDS: Preeclampsia, Obstetric medical complications.<br
