Campbell, K.

Gooding, R.

Herald, L.

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· ·: •·. Horticulture & Crop Science Series 200 January 1998 . t: ~ ;rt;P 0 II 0 v ~0 Ohio Performance Trials of Spring Oat Cultivars Including 1997 Results .-·· ·") C~ Q. -' \I \.. ' R. W. Gooding, K.G. Campbell, and L.D. Herald T · H · E OHIO srA1E UNIVERSITY OARm: The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status. PERFORMANCE TRIALS OF SPRING OAT CUL TIV ARS IN OHIO - 1997 Season1 Robert W. Gooding, Dr. Kimberly Garland Campbell, and Larry D. Herald2 Oat Growina: Conditions and Production in Ohio in 1997: Oat seeding in Ohio was about two weeks ahead of normal in 1997. In spite of temperatures that averaged below normal throughout most of the month of April, the oat crop in Ohio emerged more than a week ahead of the long term average. Cooler than normal temperatures continued through the month of May resulting in a slight delay in oat heading compared to past years. This meant that the vegetative phase of the crop's development was prolonged and the stage was set for excellent yields. Overall, adequate moisture and below normal temperatures during the growing period allowed the oat crop to progress at a nearly ideal rate. In addition, the below normal precipitation and below Production of Spring Oat ~ 50000 ..5 40000 -c 30000 0 g 20000 ~ 10000 a.. in Ohio, 1955-1997. :::: ::::: :::: :: ::: ____ :h~ O~~~~THTH~~~H+H+~~TH~ 195519601965197019751980198519901995 Year normal temperatures kept Figure 1. disease incidence to a minimum. The oat crop in Ohio was completely ripe by August 11th and harvest was completed across the state by August 25th. Across the U.S., oat production was up by nearly 32 million bushels, an increase of over 20% compared to 1996. In Ohio, production was up even more compared to the previous season. Harvested acres equaling 110 thousand and an average yield of 74 bu/a resulted in the production of 8.1 million bushels, an increase of over 58% compared to 1996 (Fig 1 ). 1Acknowledgment is given to the farm managers and crews of the Wooster Horticulture and Crop Science Research Farm and branch research facilities of The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center for their excellent cooperation. 2Senior Research Associate, Assistant Professor, and Research Associate, respectively, Small Grains Breeding, Department of Horticulture & Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691. Statewide Drilled Plot Yield Test: The objective of this oat cultivar evaluation is to provide an unbiased evaluation of cultivar characteristics and performance expectations for the soils and climates of Ohio. In 1997, spring oat performance trials were sown at the following four agricultural research stations located in Ohio (Fig. 2): 1) Main Campus O.A.R.D.C., Wooster 2) Northwestern Branch O.A.R.D.C., Custar 3) Western Branch O.A.R.D.C., South Charleston 4) Southern Branch O.A.R.D.C., Ripley. Fertilization at each site was uniform and conformed to fertilizer recommendations published in the Ohio Agronomy Guide. Nitrogen was applied at 40 to 60 lbs/a at each location depending on soil organic matter content. All locations were drilled -2-Figure 2. Location of spring oat nurseries in Ohio: 1. Wooster; 2. Custar; 3. S. Charleston; 4. Ripley in 7-inch rows, 7 to 11 rows per plot and averaged 100 feet in length. Test Results: Table 1 presents yield data obtained from the four test locations in 1997. When averaged across locations, Armor led in yield at 109.6 bu/a followed by 'Rodeo' (107.9 bu/a), experimental line 'OH1087' (107.0 bu/a), and exp. line 'OH1128' (106.9 bu/a). Table 2 presents average test weights from the four locations. When averaged across locations, the experimental line 'OH1149' showed the highest average test weight at 36.7 lbslbu. Four additional test lines were ranked among the top five by test weight. These were 'MF9118-81', 'MF9225-613', 'MF9225-120', and OH1128. OH1128 was also among those ranked highest for yield. Table 3 presents data averaged across the four locations and rankings for date headed, plant height, and percent lodging. Tables 4 through 7 provide 1997 data as well as long term average data from each of the four test sites. Table 8 provides long-term yield data from 1982 through 1997 and Table 9 presents a summary of averaged data describing agronomic -3-characteristics for spring oat varieties entered in these tests since 1982. Brief descriptions of cultivars of interest to Ohio growers follow the data tables. This report can be accessed by visiting our Website at: http:/1111111'. oardc. ohio-state. edu/vmgrain Table1. 1997 Yield of 17 Spring Oat Varieties at Four Locations in Ohio. Variety ARMOR RODEO (IL86-1995) OH1087 OH1128 CHAPS (IL86-2081) MF9118-81 OH1065 OH1120 OH1149 OH1086 OGLE BURTON HERCULES MF9225-613 CHAIRMAN NOBLE MF9225-120 Test Mean: LSD.05: CV%: OARDC Wooster 104.4 110.0 107.7 112.3 107.7 113.8 110.8 104.2 109.4 109.0 101.4 104.4 106.7 106.7 92.2 94.5 96.4 105.1 4.7 3.2 NWBraucb Custar 117.3 119.2 119.8 112.5 119.9 115.1 121.5 114.2 111.7 122.9 113.6 115.1 104.1 102.4 104.6 95.0 110.0 112.9 8.9 5.6 Western Br. Southern Br. S. Cbarlestou Ripley --bu/a-n.9 138.8 n.9 124.6 75.4 125.0 80.0 122.9 76.5 123.1 81.7 112.1 78.4 109.6 78.9 120.6 79.6 115.9 72.7 107.4 70.3 119.6 72.8 111.2 73.8 105.9 70.3 94.7 70.4 106.2 70.8 97.8 70.8 73.2 75.2 112.3 5.8 16.5 5.5 10.3 Average 4-loc. 109.6 107.9 107.0 106.9 106.8 105.7 105.1 104.5 104.1 103.0 101.2 100.9 97.6 93.5 93.3 89.5 87.6 101.4 5.0 7.0 -4-Table 2. Test Weight of 17 Spring Oat Varieties at four Locations in Ohio in 1997. Variety OH1149 MF9118-81 MF9225-613 MF9225-120 OH1128 HERCULES OH1065 BURTON OH1120 ARMOR CHAPS (IL86-2081) NOBLE RODEO (IL86-1995) OGLE OH1087 OH1086 CHAIRMAN Test Mean: OARDC Wooster 38.1 36.6 36.7 37.3 35.0 35.6 35.4 34.0 35.4 34.9 34.6 33.8 34.3 34.0 34.3 33.0 33.5 23.0 NWBraaeh Custar 38.4 37.2 38.1 37.8 37.2 36.5 36.0 36.4 35.6 33.5 34.6 35.1 33.8 32.9 33.8 33.6 32.7 35.5 Westera Br. Southera Br. S. Charlestoa Ripley -lb/bu-35.8 34.6 35.6 34.7 36.8 31.2 35.3 31.4 35.0 32.9 33.7 34.1 34.4 33.8 34.6 33.8 34.4 33.1 34.2 33.2 33.9 31.0 33.2 31.5 32.8 31.2 32.3 32.3 32.6 30.4 32.6 31.2 31.6 31.2 34.7 32.4 Avenge 4-Joe. 36.7 36.0 35.7 35.4 35.0 35.0 34.9 34.7 34.6 33.9 33.5 33.4 33.0 32.9 32.8 32.6 32.2 34.9 -5-Table 3. Average Days to Heading, Plant Height, and Percent Lodging of 17 Spring Oat Varieties at 4 Locations in Ohio in 1997. ARMOR BURTON OGLE CHAIRMAN NOBLE HERCULES OH1087 OH1120 OH1149 OH1065 OH1128 OH1086 RODEO (IL86-1995) CHAPS (IL86-2081) MF9225-120 MF9225-613 MF9118-81 MEAN: LSD.05: CV%: Date Headed (d*)_ 172 171 170 169 170 172 170 169 170 171 172 171 172 170 174 170 171 170.9 0.4 0.3 * Days after January 1. Rank 15 9 4 2 8 16 6 1 3 10 14 11 13 7 17 5 12 Plant Height (in.) 37.9 39.2 37.7 37.5 37.8 39.3 38.5 39.5 36.8 39.5 37.6 40.1 39.0 38.3 37.6 39.8 38.0 38.5 1.1 4.1 Rank 7 12 5 2 6 13 10 15 1 14 3 17 11 9 4 16 8 Lodging (%) 14.1 8.1 10.9 3.3 7.1 11.8 16.7 52.3 2.1 14.0 10.0 5.0 14.3 27.1 0.4 9.7 6.9 12.6 6.3 71.4 Rank 13 7 10 3 6 11 15 17 2 12 9 4 14 16 1 8 5 -6-Table 4. Summary of Agronomic Characteristics for Spring Oat Varieties at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center/OSU, Wooster, Ohio, 1990-1997. VARIETY YIELD rank (bu/a) TO HEADING (d from Jan. 1) PLANT HEIGHT (in.) LODGING (%) TESTWf. (lblbu) ----------------6-yr. averages 1992-1997* -----------------NOBLE OGLE MEAN: CHAPS (IL86-2081) HERCULES MF9118-81 OGLE RODEO (IL86-1995) OH1065 MEAN: LSD.05: CV%: 83.9 85.1 89.5 112.3 109.4 103.5 4.7 3.2 6 5 2 5 171 171 171.3 1997 175 172 174.3 0.8 0.3 35.0 34.1 34.6 35.0 37.4 34.6 37.4 2.3 4.3 *Yield and Test Weight Data unavailable in 1994 & 1995. 5.9 5.5 7.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 31.7 35.8 33.7 35.2 35.0 38.1 35.0 rank 3 6 8 1 -7-Table 5. Summary of Agronomic Characteristics for Spring Oat Varieties at the Northwestern Branch, Custar, Ohio, 1990-1997 VARIETY YIELD (bu/a) DAYS TO rank HEADING (d from Jan. 1) PLANT HEIGHT (in.) LODGING TESTWT. (%) (lb/bu) --------------6-yr. averages 1992-1997 -----·-··-··-· ARMOR NOBLE OGLE ARMOR BURTON c MEAN: MEAN: LSD.05: CV(%): 71.4 79.2 79.5 112.9 8.9 5.6 6 3 176 176 176.8 173.9 1.0 0.4 30.3 31.1 30.4 1997 30.7 1.7 4.0 20.5 14.5 15.9 5.8 7.5 92.0 34.8 33.1 34.0 33.5 36.4 35.3 rank 2 6 15 7 -8-Table 6. Summary of Agronomic Characteristics for Spring Oat Varieties at Western Branch, South Charleston, Ohio, 1990-1997. VARIETY YIELD DAYS TO rank HEADING PLANT HEIGHT LODGING (bu/a) (d from Jan. 1) (in.) (%) TESTWT. (lb/bu) ---------------6-yr. averages 1992-1997--------------ARMOR BURTON OGLE ARMOR BURTON CHAIRMAN MF9225-120 MF9225-613 NOBLE OH1086 OH1087 OH1120 MEAN: 60.6 59.3 56.2 77.9 72.8 70.4 70.8 70.3 70.8 72.7 75.4 78.9 1 2 6 11 15 14 16 13 12 9 4 170 169 168.1 168.3 166.8 165.3 172.0 166.3 166.3 167.5 166.3 165.0 33.5 34.0 33.5 1997 40.1 41.1 39.1 39.1 40.4 40.3 40.5 40.6 41.5 9.3 4.9 6.2 53.8 20.0 12.5 0.0 28.8 25.0 15.0 65.0 95.5 33.4 34.9 33.7 34.2 34.6 31.6 35.3 36.8 33.2 32.6 32.6 34.4 rank 4 1 9 6 17 4 1 12 15 14 7 l.'l:.l.li.llli· .. ,j:l::.l':::l::l·::··i"·l·l:·i·:·:l!;l~lll::·:llliillliiiiijijijjlil:lllli MEAN: LSD.05: CV%: 75.2 5.8 5.5 167.0 0.7 0.3 39.9 ns 4.4 37.4 23.3 43.8 33.9 -9-Table 7. Summary of Agronomic Characteristics for Spring Oat Varieties at the Southern Branch, Ripley, Ohio, 1990-1997. VARIETY YIELD rank (bu/a) DAYS* TO HEADING (d from Jan. 1) PLANT HEIGHT (in.) LODGING (%) ------------6-yr. averages 199Q-97*----MEAN: CHAPS (IL86-2081) HERCULES MF9118-81 OG RODEO (IL86-1995) OH1065 MEAN: LSD.05: CV(%): 82.2 76.6 73.0 123.1 105.9 112.1 112.3 16.5 10.3 1 2 4 4 14 9 170 169 168.6 1997 168.3 170.0 170.3 168.9 0.9 0.4 36.0 38.4 36.4 36.6 46.3 46.5 45.5 45.8 2.2 3.4 7.9 15.6 16.1 14.6 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.3 2.5 76.5 * 5-year avg. Days to Heading not available in 1994 or 1995. TESTWT. (lb/bu) 32.6 34.9 33.8 31.0 34.1 34.7 32.3 rank 6 3 16 3 Table 8. Yield of Spring Oat Varieties in Ohio Trials, 1982-97. 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Rank A\IQ. A ~~g. A\IQ. 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 6 5 6 6 4 4 4 1997 29Trials -40Trials -77 Trials -Cultlvar Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials Trials only (1992-97) (1990-97) (1982-97) ---------------------------------but a----------------- (bu/a) (buta) (bu/a) 1NOBLE 79.8 76.8 77.0 98.3 99.2 77.7 59.2 77.5 80.8 72.3 81.8 50.8 54.2 85.7 49.9 89.5 16 66.9 6 69.4 4 74.7 2 OGLE 91.0 92.1 84.5 105.7 120.9 84.4 68.7 95.2 92.7 79.6 69.8 60.5 66.0 93.3 53.5 101.2 12 72.4 4 76.0 2 83.7 1 HERCULES 80.9 55.4 81.7 76.4 74.2 81.4 56.9 60.8 77.4 51.4 106.9 5 70.9 5 72.1 3 ARMOR 96.8 84.3 89.3 65.3 71.9 90.6 58.5 109.6 1 79.5 2 82.4 l CHAIRMAN 89.5 56.6 61.4 92.8 52.8 93.3 15 72.8 3 BURTON 93.1 67.2 72.7 97.5 58.4 100.9 13 80.4 l OH1065 76.3 92.0 57.3 105.1 8 OH1087 72.2 94.6 58.9 107.0 3 OH1086 74.0 94.0 57.2 103.0 11 OH1120 92.7 55.0 104.5 9 OH1128 98.6 58.3 106.9 4 '* 0Hll49 58.9 104.1 10 CHAPS (1L86-2081) 106.8 6 MF9118-81 105.7 7 MF9225-613 93.5 14 MF9225-120 87.6 17 RODEO (IL86-1995) 107.9 2 MEAN: 85.4 84.5 80.8 102.0 110.1 81.0 61.1 84.8 86.7 77.6 84.2 59.6 67.7 91.7 55.9 102.0 73.8 75.0 79.2 Table 9. Summary of Agronomic Characteristics of Spring Oat Varieties in Ohio Trials, 1982-1997. Cultivar Days to Heading Plant Ht. lodging Test weight 60 trials 21 trials 60 trials 24 trials 60trials 24 trials 57 trials 22 trials (1982-97) (1992-97) (1982-97) (1992-97) (1982-97) (1992-97) (1982-97) (1992-97) (from Jan. 1) --(in.)-- --(%)--- (lblbu.) NOBLE 163.9 170.3 33.9 33.5 12.6 12.1 34.2 34.5 OGLE 163.7 170.4 34.3 34.0 11.6 11.0 33.0 33.3 HERCULES 172.6 34.4 11.4 34.7 ARMOR 172.2 33.7 10.1 33.5 CHAIRMAN 169.0 33.0 9.5 33.4 I I BURTON 172.3 34.7 12.4 35.0 '""""' '""""' I I MEAN: 163.8 171.1 34.1 33.9 12.1 11.1 33.6 34.1 -12-Brief Descriptions of Spring Oat Cultivars Armor - Armor was released by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in 1991. It is stiff-strawed with excellent yield potential, exceeding Noble, Ogle, and Porter in yield in statewide Ohio tests. Armor is a midseason cultivar with medium height. It is resistant to BYDV but susceptible to crown rust. Brawn - This cultivar was released by the University of lllinois Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA in 1993. Brawn has large, "brawny", yellow kernels. It has been equal to, or slightly better than, Ogle for yield in lllinois trials and in Ohio. It has crown rust and smut resistance and is moderately tolerant to BYDV. Brawn is a day later in maturity than Armor and several days later than Ogle. Burton - Burton was released in 1996. It is a productive oat cultivar bred for Ohio and surrounding states. Burton is a high-yielding line, similar to Armor, averaging over 16% higher in yield than Ogle in Ohio tests from 1992 through 1994. Burton is similar to Armor in appearance and in resistance to lodging but is somewhat taller. It is midseason in maturity being equal to Armor and a day later than Ogle. Burton has excellent test weight averaging over 35 lbs/ bu in Ohio tests. Burton is less tolerant to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) than either Armor or Ogle but is similar to Noble. Burton does not possess resistance to prevalent races of crown rust and should not be grown in areas in which this disease is a problem. Chairman - Chairman was officially released by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in September, 1995. It will be available to growers in the spring of 1997. Chairman was released because of its high yield potential and early maturity. It is comparable to 'Ogle' and 'Armor' in yield while being two and three days earlier, respectively, in maturity. Chairman is susceptible to current races of crown rust (Puccinia coronata) showing a reaction similar to Ogle to this disease. Dal - Released by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station in 1972, it is moderately late in maturity and of medium to tall height. It has good lodging resistance, large, plump kernels, high test weight and high groat protein. Dal has excellent resistance to smut and leaf rust, but is susceptible to Septoria and barley yellow dwarf virus. A U.S. Protected Variety, seed of this variety can be sold only as a class of certified seed. Dane - Released by The Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station in 1990, it is early in maturity, averaging 5 days earlier than Ogle in both Wisconsin and Ohio tests, and has excellent yield potential. Dane has yellow kernels with high groat percentage. Test weights are average and straw strength is excellent. Although susceptible to barley yellow dwarf virus in screening tests, Dane has demonstrated field tolerance under severe natural infection. -13-Don - A 1986 lllinois release, Don is a high yielding early maturing variety with excellent test weight. It has short straw, but is only moderately resistant to lodging. Don has excellent resistance to crown rust and smut, is moderately resistant to BYDV, but is susceptible to stem rust. Hamilton -A 1989 release by the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, it is a high yielding variety with midseason maturity and excellent lodging resistance. Hamilton is unusual in having both cytoplasmic and nuclear genes from A vena sterilis. It is intermediate in test weight, height and BYDV resistance. Hazel -A 1986 lllinois release, it is a high yielding variety with midseason maturity. Hazel has short stiff straw and excellent resistance to lodging. It has excellent resistance to prevalent races of crown rust and BYDV, but is susceptible to prevalent races of stem rust and smut. Hercules - A 1986 release by the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, Hercules is a high yielding variety with excellent lodging resistance and test weight. It is resistant to currently known races of loose smut, and moderately resistant to BYDV, but susceptible to prevalent races of crown rust and stem rust. Horicon - A 1989 release by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Horicon combines high yield potential with unusually high groat percentage. It is midseason in heading and has resistance to prevalent races of crown rust. Horicon is intermediate in test weight, height and maturity. Larry - A 1981 lllinois release, it is early maturing, short and lodging resistant. Larry has good to excellent yield potential with moderate resistance to rusts and excellent resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus. Newdak -A 1990 cultivar released jointly by the Agricultural Experiment Station of North Dakota State University and Cornell. Newdak is about a day earlier than Ogle in Ohio tests. It has excellent resistance to crown rust and tolerance to BYDV. Newdak has white hulls under unweathered conditions. Noble - A 1973 Indiana release, it has good yield, good test weight and stiff, medium-short straw. It is medium-early in maturity, with moderate resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus and some of the oat rusts. A U.S. Protected Variety, seed can be sold only as a class of certified seed. Ogle - A 1981 lllinois release, it has excellent yield capabilities with good test weight and will yield well under a wide range of environments. Ogle is medium-early in maturity with medium-short, stiff straw and moderate resistance to oat rusts. It has excellent resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus. -14-Pennuda - A 1987 release by the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, Pennuda is an early maturing, lodging resistant naked-seeded cultivar with a relatively high yield potential1• It is high in protein and digestible energy and is especially useful in rations for poultry, swine and young animals. Pennuda is moderately resistant to BYDV but is susceptible to crown rust and loose smut. Porter -A 1982 Purdue University release, it is rather late in maturity, but has an excellent yield record. It is resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus and moderately resistant to crown rust. A U.S. Protected Variety, seed of this variety can be sold only as a class of certified seed. Premier - A 1990 release by The Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, it is similar to Ogle in heading date, height and lodging resistance. It has excellent test weight and groat percentage. Premier is moderately resistant to crown rust and slightly tolerant to barley yellow dwarf virus. The cultivars Armor, Burton, Chairman, Hercules, Noble, and Ogle were grown by Ohio Certified Seed Producers in 1997. All other cultivars may not be available from Ohio suppliers unless purchased or produced out-of-state. 1 When compared to other cultivars on a dehulled basis, Pennuda yields comparably to cultivars such as Noble, Hercules, and Hamilton. T · H · E OHIO SfA1E UNIVERSITY 

Ohio Performance Trials of Spring Oat Cultivars, Including 1997 Results

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Ohio Performance Trials of Spring Oat Cultivars, Including 1997 Results

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