Bird, Dominique

Ding, Hang

Fatehi, Farhad

Gray, Leonard C.

Karunanithi, Mohanraj

Russell, Anthony W.

University of Queensland eSpace

38  |  SFT-15 and the 6th Annual Meeting of the Australasian Telehealth Society - Conference Handbook
Design of a Mobile-based Diabetes Management System for Insulin Titration in Type 2 Diabetes: a Proof of 
Concept Study  
Farhad FATEHI1, Anthony RUSSELL2, Hang DING1, Dominique BIRD3, Mohan KARUNANITHI1, Leonard GRAY3 
 
1. Australian eHealth Research Centre, CSIRO, Queensland, Australia 
2. Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia 
3. Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia 
Initiation and titration of insulin treatment are resource intensive requiring frequent contact between the patient and 
the care provider team. Mobile health has shown potential in improving chronic care outcomes. The aim of this 
study was to demonstrate the proof of concept of a mobile-based system for insulin titration in type 2 diabetes.  
 
Methods 
Through a collaboration between CSIRO, Queensland Health, and the University of Queensland Centre for Online 
Health, a remote monitoring system was designed, developed, and piloted in Princess Alexandra Hospital. This 
system, which is based on a validated mobile health platform for home-based delivery of cardiac rehabilitation, 
comprises a mobile app, web-based database, and clinical dashboard. Blood glucose readings are auto-
transmitted from a Bluetooth-enabled glucose meter to the mobile app, and from there are uploaded to the 
database. Insulin doses taken and meal times are entered manually and also uploaded to the database. Clinicians 
at the PAH diabetes clinic monitor blood glucose readings and insulin doses in relation to meal times through the 
clinical dashboard, and make recommendations to the patients remotely. 
 
Results 
At the time of submission, 3 of 5 patients had been recruited to the initial proof of concept trial. Over a two-week 
period, each participant uploaded on average 2.6 blood glucose readings per day and received feedback from the 
app in the form of colour-coded numbers, graphs, and charts, on their mobile phone. The clinicians used the 
dashboard to see the uploaded readings, quickly identify levels outside the recommended range, and send 
feedback messages and insulin dosage recommendations to the participants through the mobile app. 
 
Conclusion 
The mobile-based system for insulin titration was designed and functioned as intended. Feedback from the patients 
and the clinicians were used to improve the system. Lessons learned and practical implications for designing 
mobile health apps will be discussed. 
 
Correspondence: 
Farhad Fatehi  
Australian eHealth Research Centre, Queensland, Australia 
ffatehi@gmail.com 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Design of a mobile-based diabetes management system for insulin titration in type 2 diabetes: a proof of concept study

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Design of a mobile-based diabetes management system for insulin titration in type 2 diabetes: a proof of concept study

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