The Internet of Things (IoT) is happening now. By implementing IoT, we can build smart home system. Smart home is an application that is a combination of technology and services that specialize in the home environment with specific functions aimed at improving the efficiency, comfort and security of the occupants. Smart homes filled with connected products are loaded with possibilities to make our lives easier, more convenient, and more comfortable. This intelligent home system uses a

microcontroller to process functions that provided by smart home system, such functions as RFID for door access and PIR sensors for motion detection. By using Android users could control the sensors anytime and anywhere. Microcontroller used is Arduino IDE with WeMos D1R2 board. Based on the testing process, there was a successful communication between the components of the device, sensors, and Android devices. Users could open or close the solenoid, users can also turn off or turn

on electronic devices using Android

Lim, Resmana

Santoso, Leo Willyanto

TRISNAJAYA, KEVIN

Scientific Repository

J. lnf. Commun. Converg. Eng. 16(1): 60-65, Mar. 2018 Regular paper60Received 21 March 2018, Revised 23 March 2018, Accepted 26 March 2018 *Corresponding Author Leo Willyanto Santoso (E-mail: leow@petra.ac.id, Tel: +62-312983455)Department of Informatics, Petra Christian University, Siwalankerto, Surabaya 60236, Indonesiahttps://doi.org/10.6109/jicce.2018.16.1.60 print ISSN: 2234-8255 online ISSN: 2234-8883This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ⓒ The Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering   Smart Home System Using Internet of ThingsLeo Willyanto Santoso1*, Resmana Lim2, and Kevin Trisnajaya1, Member, KIICE1Department of Informatics, Petra Christian University, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia2Department of Electrical Engineering, Petra Christian University, Surabaya 60236, IndonesiaAbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is happening now. By implementing IoT, we can build smart home system. Smart home is anapplication that is a combination of technology and services that specialize in the home environment with specific functionsaimed at improving the efficiency, comfort and security of the occupants. Smart homes filled with connected products are loadedwith possibilities to make our lives easier, more convenient, and more comfortable. This intelligent home system uses amicrocontroller to process functions that provided by smart home system, such functions as RFID for door access and PIRsensors for motion detection. By using Android users could control the sensors anytime and anywhere. Microcontroller used isArduino IDE with WeMos D1R2 board. Based on the testing process, there was a successful communication between thecomponents of the device, sensors, and Android devices. Users could open or close the solenoid, users can also turn off or turnon electronic devices using Android.Index Terms: Automated home, Internet of Things (IoT), Microcontroller, Smart homeI. INTRODUCTIONIoT or Internet of Things is a system whereby interrelateddevices could exchange data over the Internet withoutrequiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction[1]. Things in the IoT are like a sensor-mounted chair, aheart monitor implant, or a vehicle with a sensor installed toalert tire pressure. IoT use objects with sensors to recorddata. The data obtained will be processed through a proces-sor board or microcontroller. Microcontroller commonlyused for IoT is Raspberry Pi, Arduino, ESP8266, and others.People are now tend to invest in IoT by implementing sev-eral application [2]. One of the application of IoT is smarthome system.Smart home system (hereafter Smart Home) allows usersto build and maintain a house that is smart enough to main-tain energy levels and provide many applications automati-cally. Smart Home will take advantage of its environmentand allow for regular controls while users are not in or insidethe home. So, the user could know that the house is perform-ing well in terms of energy.Smart Home is divided into several parts including SmartHome for door security and motion sensors. Security sys-tems in homes are now sometimes easy to penetrate by usingonly a few tools. By implementing Smart Home on the secu-rity of the door then its security can be increased. Moreover,by equipping with a motion sensor, the smart home applica-tion could detect the human presence. The proposed systemshould able to control other electronic devices via the inter-net. The implementation of smart home system could beseen in Fig. 1.In this paper, authors make a Smart Home applicationusing microcontroller based on Android so users can feelsafe and comfortable in the house.Smart Home System Using Internet of Things61 http://jicce.orgThe main contributions of this paper are as follows. (1)The designed IoT system enables the communication amongdifferent smart devices, including smart phones, microcon-troller, and sensors. (2) The system provides solution toimprove the home security by using cutting edge technology.The remaining part of this paper is organized as follows.Section II presents the background and the related work.Sections III presents the design of the IoT system and Sec-tion IV present the testing of the proposed system. Finally,the conclusions are drawn in Section V.II. RELATED WORKSIn this section, the previous work of IoT, Ubidots, andmicrocontroller are presented.A. Internet of ThingsThe IoT is a technology that has become popular todescribe the machine connectivity phenomenon [3-5]. Smallsensors and computer chips are placed on a variety ofdevices or things, which enable them to communicate via theinternet or other network to computer systems. As the IoTmoves more into daily life, it creates exciting opportunitiesfor developer and researcher alike [6]. In industry, IoT coulddo automation in the industrial processes [7]. IoT can beused for agricultural purposes [8]. IoT was illustrated by itstypical use in medical system and smart home [9, 10].B. UbidotsUbidots is a server that can be used for the implementa-tion of the Internet of Things. Ubidots helps for the processof cloud implementation. Ubidots provides APIs to helpwith the data collection process and make it informational.API is a way or solution for objects to interact with the web.This API allows makers to make changes and retrieval datafrom the server. This API supports both HTTP and HTTPSusage. To exchange data required API key. To retrieve avalue or variable from the server then required the ID of thatvariable and the user account tokens that the server hasgiven. To facilitate Android developers, Ubidots has pro-vided a library that works to shorten the writing of HTTPrequests in Java [11]. Ubidots has been used in several IoT-based system, for example for health management system[12], smart home [13, 14] and for environmental monitoringsystem [15].C. Arduino IDEArduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is anopen-source software that helps create scripts or code andupload the script or code on the board or microprocessor.Arduino IDE has an environment written in Java. The Ardu-ino IDE also has a compiler for C or C++ languages. Ardu-ino IDE does have a major function to help create scripts orcode for various boards or microprocessors [16].D. MicrocontrollerMicrocontroller is a microprocessor that has additionalparts that make it possible to organize or control otherobjects. It can be interpreted that the microcontroller runprograms that have been created by the user and stored inmemory. Microcontroller is a very useful tool that can helpthe designer to manipulate data obtained from input or out-put. Usually microcontroller is composed of microprocessor,memory and I/O. The microprocessor itself is composed ofcentral processing unit (CPU) and control unit (CU). CPU isthe main brain that performs arithmetic and logic processes.While CU controls the operation of the microprocessor andsends signals to other parts of the microprocessor to performinstructions [17].III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATIONBlock diagram and schematic design are used to explainhow to assembly the device. The block diagram and sche-matic design can be seen in Fig. 2. The ESP8266 is an easeWi-Fi chip with full TCP/IP stack and MCU (microcontrol-ler unit) capacity. WeMos ESP8266 is associated with RFIDto get data from ID tags that are already available, thenswitches are useful for arranging the connected solenoidwith 12-V adapter and WeMos ESP8266. This is used tosupply the power when ID tag in the scan match with thedesired then solenoid will be electrified and open. Terminalis used to connect GND (ground) pin and 3.3-V pin to beused by RFID and Relay.A passive infrared (PIR) sensor connected with WeMosFig. 1. The implementation of Smart Home system.J. lnf. Commun. Converg. Eng. 16(1): 60-65, Mar. 2018 https://doi.org/10.6109/jicce.2018.16.1.60 62ESP8266 and LED. A PIR sensor is an electronic sensor thatmeasures infrared (IR) radiation being emitted from objectsin its field-of-view. A PIR-based motion detector is used tosense movement of people, animals, or other objects. Theyare commonly used in burglar alarms and automatically-acti-vated lighting systems. An individual PIR sensor detectschanges in the amount of infrared radiation impinging uponit, which varies depending on the temperature and surfacecharacteristics of the objects in front of the sensor. When anobject, such as a human, passes in front of the background,such as a wall, the temperature at that point in the sensor’sfield-of-view will rise from room temperature to body tem-perature, and then back again. The sensor converts theresulting change in the incoming infrared radiation into achange in the output voltage, and this triggers the detection.The picture can be seen in Fig. 3.Database is used to store data both from server and fromuser input. The database is used to store user account infor-mation such as tokens and tags from RFID. The databaserelation used is shown in Fig. 4.Arduino IDE was used to develop program for microcon-troller. The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes iteasy to write code and upload it to the board. It runs onWindows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is writ-ten in Java and based on Processing and other open-sourcesoftware. To interact with the sensor or server, we need toadd the Library manually. To add the Library to the Ardu-ino IDE, we must select Sketch and then select Includelibrary.The microcontroller program is divided into two parts,namely the setup part and the loop section. The setup part isthe function that runs at the beginning of the microcontrollerrun, and the loop part is a function that runs continuouslyafter the setup function is executed.IV. TESTING AND DISCUSSIONThis section discusses the system testing of the smarthome system using IoT. System testing is done by doing theprocess. The purpose of system testing is to know whetherthe program can perform well and in accordance with theneeds.The sign in page is used for users who want to access theavailable sensors. The sign in page can be seen in Fig. 5. Ifthe username and password are entered correctly, then theuser will be moved to the main menu. After the user success-fully logged in the user will be directed to the main menuthat contains profile, sensor menu, and logout. Where theFig. 2. The block diagram (a) and RFID schematic design (b).Fig. 4. The entity relationship diagram.Fig. 3. The PIR schematic design.Smart Home System Using Internet of Things63 http://jicce.orgprofile contains the user information, the sensor menu con-tains the sensors that will be used and logout to exit theapplication.This Sensor Menu page contains sensors that can be usedby users, such as RFID sensors and electronic device sen-sors, which in which RFID serves to open the solenoid andthe electronic device itself serves to turn off or turn on thelights. The interface of the sensor menu can be seen in Fig.6.When the user clicks on the RFID it will show a functionof entry that is useful to open the solenoid, by changing thevalue from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0. This function use Blynk API andcalled Android using JSON.After that if it has opened the solenoid, then the user canalso turn on the lights and turn it off, in the same way that isby changing the value from 0 to 1.On the RFID management page, admin could manage andadd a new RFID for the use of a new sensor. After enteringthe RFID manage page, the Admin can see some tags thathave been stored in the database. To delete the tag, Admincould directly press the garbage button, where its functionwill directly delete the tag in the database. The RFID man-agement page can be seen in Fig. 7.In the user management page, devoted to admin that isuseful to manage the user that is from start new user add,edit and delete. The manage user page can be seen in Fig. 8.On this page, Admin could add user by pressing buttonplus and move page. Admin can also delete users by press-ing the button illustrated junk, and immediately delete theuser want to be deleted without the need to move pages.In the Token Management page, Admin could add a newtoken for the use of a new sensor. The Manage Token pageFig. 6. The Sensor Menu page.Fig. 5. The Login page.Fig. 8. The User Management page.Fig. 9. The Token Management page.Fig. 7. The RFID Management Tag page.J. lnf. Commun. Converg. Eng. 16(1): 60-65, Mar. 2018 https://doi.org/10.6109/jicce.2018.16.1.60 64can be seen in Fig. 9.After entering the manage token page, admins can seesome tokens that have been stored in the database, thenadmin can also add a new token by pressing the image plusthe top left. Admin can also edit the same way by simplypressing the pencil button. Moreover, admin could alsodelete token, and the function immediately runs without hav-ing to move the page again.V. CONCLUSIONImprovement of the security level at home is a major chal-lenge in the country like Indonesia, the technologicalimprovement is a mandatory work for this issue. We proposea novel technology by means of which gathered data fromphysical sensing devices is mitigated in the cloud server toproduce the current state of the environment.The IoT based architecture meet the real-time monitoringto the home situation of the people, and remote control ofhousehold equipment through the network, has the securityalarm, remote control, remote environmental monitoring andother functions, and has certain practical significance.The sensors and microcontroller are successfully inter-faced with the cloud server. The data is stored successfullyin the database and can be accessed remotely via Androiddevices. All observations and experimental set up proves thatthis is a complete solution for smart home system. User canhave access to the data from electronic devices and doors,and they are able to monitor the condition and situation inthe home. Implementing this system will enhance the qualityof live by improve the security aspect.The system can further been improved by incorporatingnew self-learning techniques which could deployed in thecloud to understand the behavior of the sensing data and cantake autonomous decisions.REFERENCES[ 1 ] A. McEwen and H. Cassimally, Designing the Internet of Things.Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2014.[ 2 ] L. W. Santoso and Yulia, “Analysis of the impact of informationtechnology investments: a survey of Indonesian Universities,” ARPNJournal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 12, pp.2404–2410, 2014.[ 3 ] J. Tan and S. G. M. Koo, “A survey of technologies in internet ofthings,” in Proceeding of IEEE International Conference onDistributed Computing in Sensor Systems, Marina Del Rey, CA, pp.269–274, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS.2014.45.[ 4 ] K. A. Al Rabaiei and S. Harous, “Internet of Things: applications andchallenges,” in Proceeding of the 12th International Conference onInnovations in Information Technology, Al-Ali, UAE, pp. 1–6, 2016.DOI: 10.1109/INNOVATIONS.2016.7880054.[ 5 ] S. Agrawal and M. Lal Das, “Internet of Things: a paradigm shift offuture internet applications,” in Proceeding of the Nirma UniversityInternational Conference on Engineering, Ahmedabad, India, pp. 1–7, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/NUiConE.2011.6153246.[ 6 ] Y. Liu and G. Zhou, “Key technologies and applications of Internetof Things,” in Proceeding of International Conference on IntelligentComputation Technology and Automation, Zhangjiajie, China, pp.197–200, 2012. DOI: 10.1109/ICICTA.2012.56.[ 7 ] L. D. Xu, W. He, and S. Li, “Internet of Things in industries: asurvey,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 4,pp. 2233–2243, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2014.2300753.[ 8 ] S. A. Jaishetty and R. Patil, “IoT sensor network based approach foragricultural field monitoring and control,” International Journal ofResearch in Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 45–48,2016. DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2016.0506009.[ 9 ] D. Lu and T. Liu, “The application of IoT in medical system,” inProceeding of International Symposium on IT in Medicine andEducation, Guangzhou, China, pp. 272–275, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/ITiME.2011.6130831.[10] K. Ullah, M. A. Shah, and S. Zhang, “Effective ways to use Internetof Things in the field of medical and smart health care,” inProceeding of International Conference on Intelligent SystemsEngineering, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp. 372–379, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/INTELSE.2016.7475151.[11] Ubidots, “REST API Reference,” [Internet], Available: https://ubidots.com/docs/api/#what-is-a-restful-api.[12] S. Siddagangaiah, “A novel approach to IoT based plant healthmonitoring system,” International Research Journal of Engineeringand Technology, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 880–886, 2016. [13] D. V. S. C. Babu and A. L. Siridhara, “Energy efficient homeautomation system,” International Journal for Scientific Research &Development, vol. 4, no. 4, pp 596–599, 2016.[14] D. Wang, D. Lo, J. Bhimani, and K. Sugiura, “AnyControl: IoTbased home appliances monitoring and controlling,” in Proceedingsof IEEE 39th Annual Computer Software and ApplicationsConference, Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan, pp. 487–492, 2015. DOI:10.1109/COMPSAC.2015.259.[15] L. W. Santoso, A. Kwariawan, and R. Lim, “IoT for real time datalogger and pH controller,” in Proceedings of the 2nd InternationalConference on Culture Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 2017.[16] Arduino Software (IDE) environment [Internet], Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/environment.[17] D. Ibrahim, Microcontroller-Based Temperature Monitoring andControl. Oxford: Newnes, 2002.Smart Home System Using Internet of Things65 http://jicce.orgLeo Willyanto Santosoreceived his bachelor’s degrees in computer science from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya,Indonesia in 2002 and his master’s degree in Information Technology from University of Melbourne, Australia, in 2007. Heis currently an assistant professor at Informatics Department, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia. Hisresearch interests include information system, intelligent system and big data analytics.Resmana Limreceived his bachelor’s degrees in electrical engineering from Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia in 1990 andhis master’s degree in Telecommunication Engineering from Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, in 1994. Heis currently an associate professor at Electrical Engineering Department, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia.His research interests include IoT, intelligent system and computer vision.Kevin Trisnajayareceived his bachelor’s degrees in information technology from Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2018.He is currently a junior software developer in Surabaya. His research interests include IoT and information system. 

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