This paper seeks to extol the virtues of named data networking (NDN), as

an alternative to host-centric networking (HCN), for its prominent features that can be taken advantage of to significantly reduce energy consumption demands in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) implementation. Therefore, a NDN-based content routing mechanism was compared with two types of HCN routing protocol implementations in this study: OLSR and Batman-adv. The experimental results obtained from this research provide early evidence that NDN can increase the energy efficiency of MANETcompared to the use ofHCNprimarily TCP/IP on the network stack solution for MANET. Of particular note would be NDN-based content routing’s viability as a solution for energy consumption issues that plague wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks. Last but not least, this paper also provides the future research direction that could be undertaken on the subject

Alubady, Raaid

Kumar Singh, Pradeep

Mohd Nordin, Ili Najaa Aimi

Muchtar, Farkhana

English

UTHM Institutional Repository

Journal of Techno-Social I ISSN 2229-8940 1 Vol. 4 No. 1 April 2012 - -- - -- - Principles For Sustainable Riverfront Development For Malaysia Azlina Binti Md. Yassin ', Sandy ~ o n d ' ,  & John ~ c ~ o n a ~ h ~  mdyassia@lincoln.ac.nzl, sandy.bond@lincoln.ac.nd & mcdonagi@lincoln.ac.nz3 University Tun Hussein Onn ~ a l a ~ s i a '  & Lincoln University, New zealand' Abstract River and water are important resources for human life, environment and national development In Malaysia, the importance of rivers as the focal point of the cify was established from early times of civilisation and remains forever. Population and economic growth, urbanisation and increased technologp have transformed many A-Ialaysian river systems from water industries into non water industries. Due to these changes, the function of the riverfront areas have also changed and the current pattern of riverfront development in ~Malaysia now focus more on mixed-use development and recreation. Present% numbers of riverfront a!evelopment projects were developed in Malaysia for recreation, residential, and mixed- use^ Unforttmately, in most cases, the developments identified are not snccess$~l whereby, having cost effects more than economic value. For example. increases in water pollution indexes and rates of j~rvenile problems. The focus of this study was to examine waterfront development in ~Malaysia as well as to identzb the attributes of waterfront development, in order to develop guidelines for ivate<fvont development. The findings of this research were based on interviews conducted with Government officers, Property developers, and the Waterfront community from three case study areas (qzlalitative phase), and from questionnaires mailed and e-mailed to property development companies listed tmder R~rrsa ~Malaysia (quantitative phase). The findings identified 18 attributes to be used in assisting developers when undertaking waterfront projects in the future The atbzbutes identified were then recommended to be used as guidelines ofbest practices of riverfront development in iWalaysia. Keywords: Waterfront, Waterfront Development, Riverfront Development, Riverfront Development guidelines Journal of Techno-Social I ISSN 2229-8940 1 Vol. 4 No. 1 June 2012 - ~ - ~ ~ * Factor loadings in the range of i .30 to 1 .40 are considered to meet the minimal level for interpretation of structure. Loadings i .50 or greater are considered practically significant, and loadings exceeding i .70 are indicative of well defined structure (Hair, et al., 2006). CONCLUSION This paper examined the waterfront development practices in Malaysia and, the principles that important for sustainable waterfront development in Malaysia. From the results, it can be  concluded that only a small number of property development companies had undertaken waterfront development projects in Malaysia, even though they had more than 10 years experience in property developments and employed sufficient numbers of staff. Moreover, although the results showed that only a small number of property development companies have undertaken waterfront development projects, however, the number of waterfront development projects in Malaysia is forecasted to increase in the future. These reasons are supported by the literature that indicate that the growing number of waterfront development and redevelopment projects throughout the world are attributed to several factors such as environmental awareness and smart growth, preservation and adaptive reuse, recreation, increased tourism and enhanced federal assistance (Gaffen, 2004; Tumbde, 2005). A n  increasing demand for recreational activities and a number of other factors have become determinants in the redevelopment process and waterfronts have been mostly designed as new public open spaces of cities that are totally different from their former structures (Butuner, 2006; Tsukio, 1984). T o  secure long-term growth of the waterfront resource, it is important for waterfront areas to be used strategically to  maintain its economic value and enhance its specific features or image. Therefore, inclusion all of the principles (as presented in Table 8) in the planning for waterfront development for Malaysia is appropriate. Thus, apparently, the harmonies of waterfront development could be achieved through combinations of people, nature and technology (Mann, 1973). Further, it was considered that these principles should be  used with modification to suit the current regulations and guidelines for the control of  waterfront developments in Malaysia. REFERENCES Abidin, R. Z. R. Z. 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Using NDN in improving energy efﬁciency of MANET

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