Brown, Walter N.

Gauss, James F.

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NAY 17'71. UBlAarPOTATO VAR.lETY ..TRIALS, 1968-1970MUCK CROP BRANCHC'ELERYVILLE, OHIOJAMES F. GAUSS and WALTER N. BROWNDEPARTMENT of :HORTICULTURE'Ohio Agricultural Research and Development CenterWooster, OhioHorticultural Mimeograph Series No. 374, March 1, 1971This page intentionally blank.- 2 -TABLE l.--Planting and harvest dates for the 1968 - 1970growing seasons.Planting Harvest SeasonYear Date Date (Days)1968 May 10 Oct. 17 1601969 May 14 Oct. 3 1421970 May 4 Sept. 28 147Seed pieces were spaced 11 inches within paired rows 32 inches apart on 56 inchcenters. Each variety was planted in single plot row 25 feet long and each plot rep-licated 5 times. Superior and Katahdin were used as varietal checks. See Table 2.for the list of varieties planted in 1968 - 1970.Fertilizer at the rate of 1000 pounds per acre of 0-20-20 was plowed down beforeplanting. EPtam (4 Ibs./A), for weed control, was applied prior to the last cultiva-tion when the potato plants were 12 - 18 inches tall. Dithane M-45 (3 Ibs./A) wasapplied at weekly intervals starting when the plants were 6 - 8 inches tall. Thiodan(0.5 Ib./A), Sevin (1 Ib./A) and Meta Systox (0.5 Ib./A) applications were started atthe same time on a weekly alternating basis. Irrigation water was applied as needed.other cultural practices were similar to those used by commercial growers.Harvesting of plots commenced about 10 - 14 days after natural vine death. Spe-cific gravity of tubers taken during the 1968 trials was determined by the potato hydro-meter method and converted to percent solids using the Maercker-Landwerths conversionchart.For storage quality tests in 1970, each variety was kept at room temperature foro2 weeks after harvest and then stored for 5 months at 45 F. and 85 - 90% relativehumidity. No sprout inhibitors were used in this test.Results - 1968. See Table 3. for a summary of the results.1. Yield. Five varieties had a total yield of over 500 cwt./A. They wereLenape, Alamo, Katahdin, Norchip and Platte. Other varieties having relatively highThis page intentionally blank.- 3 -TABLE 2.--List of Potato Varieties Planted During the 1968, 1969 and 1970 Seasons.Variety Released By Year Year TestedAlamo U.S.D.A. - Texas 1967 1968, 1969, 1970Haig Nebraska 1957 1968Iopride Iowa 1970 1970Katahdin U.S.D.A. 1935 1968, 1969, 19701 La Chipper Louisiana 1962 1968, 1969Lenape U.S.D.A. - Pennsylvania 1967 1968, 1969Monona U.S.D.A. - Frito Lay 21964 1968, 1969, 1970MS 709 Michigan 2 1970N.Yo 30 New York 1969, 1970Norchip North Dakota 1968 1968, 1969, 1970Ona U.S.D.A. 1961 1968Peconic New York 1966 1968, 1969Penobscott U.S.D.A. - Maine 1962 1968Platte Nebraska 1965 1968, 1969Shurchip Nebraska 1969 1969, 1970Superior Wisconsin 1961 1968, 1969, 1970Wauseon U.S.D.A. 1967 19701Withdrawn by U.S.D.A. and Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Stationon February 11, 19702 Not yet released.yields were Superior, Monona, Penobscott and Peconic. La Chipper was the lowestyielding variety with 248 cwt/A.2. Total Solids. (Specific Gravity). Lenape, a newly released variety, had thehighest specific gravity (10093). Penobscott also had a fairly high specific gravity(1.084)0 For chipping, a specific gravity of less than 1.070 (low solids) is usuallyconsidered as unsatisfactory because of excess oil absorption by the chips. Varietieshaving specific gravities below this level were Alamo, Superior, Monona, Haig, Platteand La Chipper. Haig was extremely low in specific gravity (1.056).3. Chip Color. Subjective potato chip color rating above 700 is generally con-sidered to be unacceptable for market. The higher the score above 7.0 the darker thechip. Varieties having slightly darkened chips before storage were Dna and Alamo.Penobscott was borderline in color before and after storage. Lenape, Norchip, MononaThis page intentionally blank.TABLE 3.--A Surmnary of the Results for the 1968 Potato Trial on Muck Soil, Celeryville, Ohio.Yield - GWr/AChip Score (1)U.S. No. 1 %Total Total Sp. Before 1 Day 10 DaysRank (2)Variety Size A Size B Culls Yield Solids Grav. Storage Out OutAlamo 469 38 69 576 15.4 1.060 7.6 8.8 8.0 9Haig 308 36 30 375 14.5 1.056 6.5 7.6 6.8 8Katahdin 448 20 73 540 17.7 1.071 6.9 7.0 7.2 5La Chipper 204 21 24 248 16.0 1.063 6.8 6.4 7.4 7Lenape 561 20 44 625 22.4 1.093 6.5 6.6 6.6 1Monona 328 25 35 388 16.0 1.063 6.6 6.0 5.8 3INorchip 412 30 53 503 18.2 1.073 6.8 6.6 6.6 4 ~ana 259 31 41 331 18.2 1.073 7.6 7.5 7.7 10Peconic 323 25 46 394 18.2 1.073 6.3 6.1 6.8 4Penobscott 443 19 36 498 20.5 1.084 7.1 7.2 7.3 2Platte 410 40 59 510 17.1 1.068 6.9 6.6 6.8 6Superior 355 23 50 428 16.9 1.067 6.5 7.8 7.0 6-(1) The Authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of Dr. Wilbur A. Gould in providingthis data.(2) Ranking included yield, total solids and chip score. A rank of 1 is the highest. A chip score of below7.0 is generally considered to represent a potato chip of acceptable color for market.This page intentionally blank.- 5 -Peconic and Platte had good chip color before storage as well as 1 and 10 days outof storage.Results - 1969. See Table 4. for a summary of the of the results.1. Yield. Yield was the only factor studied in 1969. The yields of all vari-eties was very low compared with the 1968 trials. Norchip which was fifth in totalyield in 1968 was first in total yield in 1969. Only six varieties had a total yieldof over 200 CWT/A. These low yields, when compared to the 1968 trial could have beendue to the heavy rains in July which apparently slowed down foliar and tuber growth.Results - 1970. See Table 5. for summary of the results.1. Yield. Two varieties, Katahdin and Alamo and on line, N.Y. 30, had totalyields exceeding 300 CWT/A. Monona and one breeding line, MS 709, had total yieldsless than 200 CWT/A. Monona also yielded poorly in 1968 and 1969, finishing ninth andeleventh, respectively.2. Cull Distribution. Cull tubers were divided into three major types, sun-greened, mis-shapen or second growth and growth cracks. Alamo had the highest per-centage of cull tubers (11%) and the highest incidence of sun greened tubers (89%).Katahdin, Shurchip, Iopride, N.Y. 30, Monona and Wauseon also had high incidence ofsun greened tubers. Superior' had a very high incidence (65%) of mis-shapened tubers.Surchip and Wauseon were also high in mis-shapen tubers. MS 709 had the highest inci-dence (43%) of growth cracks and Superior the lowest (0%).3. Tuber Size. Tuber size was determined for U.S. #1, size A tubers. MS 709,which was very late in maturity, had the smallest tubers. Shurchip also had smalltubers which is unlike its response on mineral soils where it produces relatively largetubers. A new variety, Iopride, and Monona produced the largest A-size tubers.This page intentionally blank.- 6 -TABLE 4.--A Summary of the Results for the 1969 Potato Trial on Muck Soil,Celeryville, Ohio.Yield - CWT/A.U.S. # 1 %Rank(l)Variety Size A Size B Culls Total U.S. #1Alamo 118 30 20 168 88 9Katahdin 173 23 32 228 86 5La Chipper 132 25 17 174 90 6Lenape 154 16 20 190 89 4Monona 100 8 14 122 89 8Norchip 221 20 18 259 93 1N.Y. 30 173 31 27 231 88 4Peconic 163 29 30 222 86 7Platte 168 33 17 218 92 3Shurchip 168 24 16 208 92 2Superior 128 18 17 163 90 6(1) Ranking was based on all yield factors in this table.A rank of 1 is the highest.This page intentionally blank.TABLE 5.--A Summary of the Results for the Potato Trial on Muck Soil, Celeryville, OhioYield - Cwr/A Cull Distribut.Lon( ._ 01 \1)/0Variety Size Au.s. # 1Size B Culls Total%U.S. # 1SunGreenMis-ShapenA~.Growth A-Size (2)Crack Tuber (Lb.) RankAlamoIoprideKatahdinM3 709MononaN.Y. 30NorchipShurchipSuperiorWauseon2502533268'717129021723926423619151721837231512163321251012251620141630221~9368118191352256274290268899393919493949395948980823659634677375461818o1714276536121312433112299o160.400.440.400.270.430.370.350.300.360.358329267514-J(1) Percentage may not add up to 100% since some tubers may have more than one defect.Where the percentage is less than 100%, tubers were culled for other reasons than the above.(2) Ranking was based on all of the above observations. A rank of 1 is the highest.This page intentionally blank.- 8 -4. Storage Quality (Table 6). All varieties increased considerably in specificgravity after harvest. This increase occurred primarily during low temperature stor-age. Tuber weight loss during the 5 month period was least in Alamo (3.9%). and Katah-din (2.7%). Norchip had the most weight loss (8.0%). Norchip also had a very highincidence of internal sprouting (35.7%). None of the other varieties or breeding linesexhibited this defect. Internal sprouting in Norchip has also been observed on uplandsoil. External sprout development was least in Alamo and considerable in Norchip,Katahdin and Shurchip. N.Y. 30 showed considerable internal breakdown (12.0%). Thisdefect in N.Y. 30 has also been observed when it has been grown on upland soil.On the basis of the storage factors observed, Alamo was the best storing varietyand Norchip was the worst.Summary. Of these varieties or breeding lines grown for two or three seasons during1968 - 1970 the following ranking, from highest to lowest was established: Lenape,Shurchip, Katahdin, Norchip, Superior, Monona, Platte, N.Y. 30, Peconic, La chipperand Alamo.Lenape was a promising new variety from the standpoint of yield potential, veryhigh specific gravity and acceptable chip color when grown on muck and mineral soils.Unfortunately, it had to be withdrawn from production because of the very high glyco-alkaloid content in the tubers.Surchip and N.Y. 30 look promising from the standpoint of yield potential onmuck soil. However, Shurchip has a very short tuber dormancy which needs to be con-trolled and N. Y. 30 might be withdrawn because of internal defects.Iopride, which was grown only in 1970, appears to be a promising new variety formuck soil, as well as mineral soil, from the viewpoint of yield potential and tuberquality. Further testing of this variety is underwayoThis page intentionally blank.- 9 -TABIJE 6. --Varietal Quality After Fi-,Te Months Storage at 450 F a11d 85--90% Rela tiveHUlnidity. Varieties were harvested on September 28, kept at roomtemperature for 2 weeks and then put into storage on October 12.Sprout Wt. % %Sp. Gr. Sp. Gr. %Wt. Per Tuber Intern. Intern.Variety 9/29 3/12 Loss (mgms) Break SproutAlamo 1.057 1.065 3.9 125 0.0 0.0Iopride 1.060 1.069 5.9 792 0.0 0.0Katahdin 1.061 1.067 2.7 1.909 4.5 0.0MS 709 1.056 1.065 6.9 423 0.0 0.0Monona 1.060 1.067 6.5 1.583 0.0 0.0N.Y. 30 1.061 1.069 6.8 920 12.0 0.0Norchip 1.061 1.070 8.0 1,964 0.0 35.7Shurchip 1.059 1.067 6.1 1,920 4.0 0.0Superior 1.066 1.074 5.4 1,360 4.0 0.0Wauseon 1.064 1.070 5.3 833 4.2 0.0Monona, while it chipped well off of muck soil, produced very poor yields in all threetrial years. MS 709, tested only in 1970, was very late, producing a very low yieldwith small U.S. #1, A-Size tibers and many B-Size tubers. This new line is probablytoo late and too low in yield for suitable production in muck soil.In the 1970 Storage Test, Norchip had a 35.7% incidence of internal sprouting.This defect is serious and if it can not be controlled then Norchip should be droppedfrom commercial production where storage is necessary.This page intentionally blank.This page intentionally blank.This page intentionally blank.'.', t

Potato Variety Trials, 1968-1970, Muck Crop Branch, Celeryville, Ohio

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Potato Variety Trials, 1968-1970, Muck Crop Branch, Celeryville, Ohio

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