Fifty-nine rhizospheric soil samples from twenty different melon farms of Guatemala and Honduras were analysed to study the Fusarium species present in the soil and those developing on roots surfaces

Cara Garcia, Miguel de

Palmero Llamas, Daniel

Santos, M.

Tello Marquina, Julio

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Comparative study of Fusarium communities from soil and rhizoplane of melon plants from tropical farming soils.

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Journal of Plant Pathology (2008), 90 (3, Supplement), S3.47-S3.50 8 Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2008 S3.47 
FIRST REPORT OF FUSARIUM GLOBOSUM IN EUROPE. V. 
Balmas1,2, A. Marcello1,2, F. Masia2 and Q. Migheli1,2. 1Diparti-
mento di Protezione delle Piante, Unità di ricerca Istituto 
Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi, Via E. 
De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy. 2Centro per la Conservazione e la 
Valorizzazione della Biodiversità Vegetale, Università degli Studi 
di Sassari, Loc. Surigheddu, Alghero, SS, Italy. E-mail: balmas@ 
uniss.it 
In April, 2007, samples of tomato plants grown in a green-
house near Alghero (Sardinia, Italy) and showing dark necroses 
on the stem were analysed. Isolation on potato dextrose agar 
(PDA) and water agar indicated that plants were largely affected 
by the common soilborne pathogen Phytophthora infestans. In 
addition, several Fusarium colonies were isolated and morpholog-
ical characteristics of monosporic cultures grown on PDA and on 
carnation leaf agar either in the darkness or under alternating 12-
h darkness/light condition allowed their unambiguous identifica-
tion as F. globosum Rheeder, Marasas & P.E. Nelson. The mor-
phology of this species is unique, and includes three types of mi-
croconidia: mostly clavate to ellipsoid, with evident truncate 
base, forming in chains; rare pyriform to napiform; globose, with 
or witout a distinct papilla and 0-1 septate. The conidiophores 
are mono- and polyphialides. The macroconidia may be pro-
duced from monophialides or in sporodochia, present thin walls 
and are slightly curved, with apical cell curved to a point, and 
basal cell pedicellate or foot-shaped. Upon inoculation with a 
spore suspension (10 spores ml-1), the tested isolates did not es-
tablish on mechanically wounded tomato seedlings, suggesting 
that this plant species does not represent a susceptible host. F. 
globosum was first described in 1996 by Rheeder et al. (Mycologia 
88: 509-513, 1996) following isolation from corn kernels. A sec-
ond report came from in Japan (Aoki and Nirenberg, Myco-
science 40: 1-9, 1999), indicating this species as a frequent 
coloniser of healthy wheat culm. F. globosum may produce fu-
monisins, low levels of beauvericin, and in some cases also 
fusaproliferin. However, the reports of F. globosum are too limit-
ed to allow a precise definition of its ecological and pathogenic 
relationships. 
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY OF SARDINIAN FUSARIA. V. Bal-
mas1, Q. Migheli1, P. Garau1, S. Kang2, D.M. Geiser2 and K. 
O’Donnell3. 1Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Università 
degli Studi, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy. 2Department 
of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University 
Park, PA, USA. 3NCAUR-ARS-USDA, Peoria, IL, USA. E-mail: 
balmas@uniss.it 
Mediterranean islands such as Sardinia are well known for 
their diversity of vascular plants and high floristic endemism. We 
hypothesized that saprobic soil fusaria might exhibit distinct ge-
netic structures based on environmental contexts of their origins. 
To test this hypothesis, we measured the species and haplotype 
diversity of 313 fusaria cultured from soil obtained from ten di-
verse field sites across Sardinia. Information collected from these 
sites included global positioning system (GPS) coordinates, soil 
type, average yearly precipitation and land-use-type. Genetic di-
versity was assessed using sequences of partial translation elonga-
tion factor (EF-1a) and the second largest RNA polymerase sub-
unit (RPB2) gene. In addition, 2-locus haplotypes (EF-1a + IGS 
rDNA) were assigned to members of the Fusarium oxysporum 
species complex (FOSC). Similarly, 3-locus haplotypes (EF-1a + 
RPB2 + ITS-LSU rDNA,) were assigned to members of the F. 
solani species complex. Spatial distribution of individual geno-
types and association between genotypes and geospatial and envi-
ronmental contexts of sampling sites were investigated. All data 
from this study will be available for visualization via the geovisu-
alization function within the next web-accessible version of 
Fusarium-ID. 
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FUSARIUM COMMUNITIES 
FROM SOIL AND RHIZOPLANE OF MELON PLANTS FROM 
TROPICAL FARMING SOILS. M. de Cara1, D. Palmero2, M. 
Santos1 and J.C. Tello1. 1Departamento de Producción Vegetal, 
Universidad de Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, 
Spain. 2Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, EUIT Agrícola, Ciudad 
Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: mdecara@ual.es 
Fifty-nine rhizospheric soil samples from twenty different mel-
on farms of Guatemala and Honduras were analysed to study the 
Fusarium species present in the soil and those developing on roots 
surfaces. At the moment of the survey, all farms had been crop-
ping melons for more than five years. Air-dried soil samples were 
firstly analysed by Warcup’s technique using Komada medium. 
Rhizoplane of thirty-six melon plants (45 days-old) per sample 
were analysed by plating three root pieces per plant on the ana-
logue selective medium. F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. dimerum, F. 
moniliforme (sensu Snyder & Hansen), and F. roseum (sensu Sny-
der & Hansen) were detected from both soil and rhizoplane, as 
well as the percentages of samples with each species. For soil: 
57.6, 83.1, 13.6, 20.3 and 83.1% respectively; and for rhizoplanes: 
37.3, 89.8, 3.4, 62.7 and 76.3% respectively. F. roseum was repre-
sented by F. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. semitectum, F. longipes, F. 
scirpi (only in Honduras) and F. sambucinum (only in Guatemala). 
F. moniliforme was represented by F. anthophilum, F. proliferatum 
and F. verticillioides (sensu Gerlach & Nirenberg). Two species 
were isolated exclusively from soils: F. chlamydosporum (22% of 
total samples) and F. lateritium (only in one sample from Hon-
duras). Positive correlation between presence in soil and presence 
on rhizoplane for the same sample was 34.2% for F. oxysporum, 
75.9 for F. solani, 0% for F. dimerum, 20% for F. moniliforme and 
73.6% for F. roseum. 
CURRENT DISTRIBUTION OF FUSARIUM FUNGI ON 
SMALL GRAIN CEREALS IN RUSSIA. T.Y. Gagkaeva and O.P. 
Gavrilova. Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russ-
ian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), 196608 St. Petersburg-
Pushkin, Russia. E-mail: gagkaeva02@yahoo.com 
A mycogeographic survey of Fusarium species associated with 
grain of cereals has been done over the agricultural areas of Rus-
sia. Fusarium fungi were isolated from surface sterilized grains. 
Representatives of the genus have been found in all areas where 
cereals are cultivated (near 40 million ha). Collated records of oc-
currence have indicated two general types of distribution pattern 
among Fusarium species: widespread and geographically restrict-
ed. According to abundance of these species, Fusarium spp. may 
be divided in groups with dominant or infrequent positions in 
the complex of pathogens. The widespread and dominant fungi, 
F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. avenaceum; the widespread and in-
frequent fungi, F. tricinctum, F. equiseti, F. semitectum. Most like-
ly the second group has less pathogenicity and biological activity 
than the first one. The distribution of these ubiquitous fungi is 
not associated with climate. F. graminearum belongs to geograph-
ically restricted fungi. This is a typical pathogen in the South-Eu-
ropean area and in the Far East. During the few last years, this 
pathogen was detected in Central and North-western regions. 
The infrequent fungi are obviously linked to the environmental 
-* Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2008 


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Comparative study of Fusarium communities from soil and rhizoplane of melon plants from tropical farming soils.

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