Se abordan los principales retos que plantean un grupo ecológico muy determinado de plantas mediterráneas (gipsófitos)

Dominguez, Felipe

Fernandez Mazuecos, Mario

Genova Fuster, Maria del Mar

Moreno, Juan Carlos

Perez, Nora

Servicio de Coordinación de Bibliotecas de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

CONSERVATION CHALLENGES FOR
MEDITERRANEAN GYPSOPHYTES
Juan Carlos Moreno, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, R. Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC
Mar Génova, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Nora Pérez, Universidad de Barcelona
Felipe Domínguez, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Distribution  of  gypsum  outcrops
• Outcrops around the
Mediterranean basin
• Gypsiferous soils in the World
(≈ 850,000 km2)
Gypsophytes in  Iberia
ALP1
MED45MED5
ALP4
ALP2
ALP3
ATL3
ATL7
ATL5
ATL6 ATL9
MED44
MED1
MED10
MED13
MED11
MED2
MED25
MED48
MED6
MED9
MED8
MED53
MED16
MED39
MED7
MED27
MED26
MED29
MED17
MED20
MED46
MED24
MED3
MED52
MED28
MED41
MED32
MED35
MED30
MED50
MED47
MED38
MED31
MED34
MED54
MED36
MED43
MED33
MED37
MED42
MED40
ATL1
ATL2
ATL4
ATL8 MED51
MED12
MED14
MED23
MED21
MED18
MED15
MED49
MED19
MED49
MED22
MED49
• Priority areas for 
conservation in Europe 
(Source: Habitats of Spain, 
Ministry of Environment)
Mota, Gómez & Guirado (2011): 
• 77 gypsophilous taxa
≈ 70 gypsovags taxa      
Thuiller et al. (2005) PNAS 102: 8245-8250
©2005 by National Academy of Sciences
• Climate Change: more than 50% of the European 
vascular plants will be threatened by 2080
• Spatial sensitivity of plant 
diversity in Europe to ranked by 
biogeographic regions
Vella pseudocytisus L. (Brassicaceae)
• Endemic genus of W Mediterranean
• Shrub up to 100 cm hight
• Facultative summer-deciduous
•High levels of genetic diversity
Seed
1. 2. 3.
Septum
Silicula
• Passive ballistic dispersal
• Possible secondary myrmecochory
• Transient seed bank in the soil
Habitats
• Open shrublands
• Slopes between crops
• Cliffs
Vella pseudocytisus L.
■ subsp. pseudocytisus
■ subsp. paui Gómez-Campo
■ subsp. glabrata Greuter
■■
■■
■■
♦
■■
■■■
• C & SE Spain
• EN (Moreno, 2008)
• Protected by regional laws
• Legal Recovery Plan in 
Castilla-La Mancha
Vella pseudocytisus L.
■ subsp. pseudocytisus
■ subsp. paui Gómez-Campo
■ subsp. glabrata Greuter
■■
■■
■■
♦
■■
■■■
• CE Spain
• EN (Moreno, 2008)
• Protected by regional law
• Recovery Plan in Aragon
• Ongoing reintroduction
Vella pseudocytisus L.
■ subsp. pseudocytisus
■ subsp. paui Gómez-Campo
■ subsp. glabrata Greuter
■■
■■
■■
♦
■■
■■■
• Morocco: Middle Atlas
• Status: Rare (Fennane & 
Ibn Tattou, 1998)
• No protection
• Algeria: no recent data
Demographic  monitoring
• Two plots in Aragon and two plots in Madrid
(300 initial individuals in each plot)
• 2000-2011
S
1
S
2
J
1
J
2
A
1
A
2
f
3
f
4
f
5
f
6
s6  g66
Classes
S1 1st year seedling
S2 2nd year seedling
J1 > 10 cm high / < 10 dm3
J2 11 ‒ 50 dm3
A1 51 ‒ 500 dm3
A2 > 500 dm3
Evolution of  λ in  Aragonian plots
0,85
0,9
0,95
1
1,05
1,1
1,15
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
la
m
bd
a
Villalba Villel
Villalba: primary 
habitat
Villel: secondary 
habitat
Elasticity matrices:  mean  values 2000-2010
Villalba: 
primary 
habitat
Villel: 
secondary 
habitat
- - 0,000202 0,000517 0,007027 0,015307
0,023052 - - - - -
- 0,018443 0,162365 0,016584 0,001438 -
- 0,004609 0,032923 0,133612 0,025134 -
- - 0,003341 0,045173 0,286219 0,019863
- - - 0,000391 0,034779 0,16902
- - 0,000177 0,00013 0,004687 0,009237
0,014232 - - - - -
- 0,013508 0,187528 0,015634 0,002013 -
- 0,000499 0,023531 0,128406 0,024495 0,000522
- 0,000225 0,007447 0,033283 0,286171 0,013432
- - - - 0,023191 0,211651
Population  projection  for  100 years
Secondary habitat
Primary habitat
Seedling  dynamic
• Ten plots (5 x 1 m) monitored every 3 months 
Seedling  emergence
310
0 0 0 0 0 0
10
87
41
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
#
 S
e
e
d
li
n
g
s
2006 2007 2008 20102009 2011
Seedling  survival  of  the  2006  cohort 
2006 2007 2008 20102009 2011
310
24 15
4 4 3 1 1 1 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
#
 S
e
e
d
li
n
g
s
• # rings: 6 – 47
• Significative diferences in longevity between populations
1 cm
Dendrochronological study  of  61  individuals
Changes  in  land  use
Fenced plot in 2008
Provisional results:
• Quick increase of fecundity
• Changes in growth or survival are not very noticeable 
yet 
- - 0,0021 0,0241 0,0049
0,0301 0,0473 0,003 - -
0,0009 0,0331 0,1637 0,0067 -
- - 0,0356 0,5944 0,0051
- - - 0,01 0,0391
Euzomodendron bourgeanum Coss.
M.L. Jiménez Sánchez (2004)
y = 93,1e
-0,0001x
R
2
 = 0,9556
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Tamaño de la población (N)
P
ro
b
a
b
ili
d
a
d
 d
e
 e
x
ti
n
c
ió
n
 (
%
) Estimated extinction curve in 50 years
J.M. Iriondo et al. (2009) Populations in peril: 
demographic viability of threatened Spanish 
vascular flora
• 37 taxa monitored between 2001 and 2006
IUCN Criteria 10 years 20 years 100 years
A Proyected reduction 0% - -
E Probability of extinction 0% 9% 100%
Astragalus tremolsianus Pau
J.M. Iriondo et al. (2009) Populations in peril: 
demographic viability of threatened Spanish 
vascular flora
• 37 taxa monitored between 2001 and 2006
IUCN Criteria 10 years 20 years 100 years
A Proyected reduction 0% - -
E Probability of extinction 0% 0% 96%
Helianthemum polygonoides Peinado et al.
Climate models
A.M. Felicísimo 
et al. (2011)
“… not foresee future problems (for 
Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui) due to 
climate, with large potential areas 
superimposed on the currently 
occupied.”
Projected areas of potential distribution of 
the threatened Spanish flora
Acknowledgements:
J. Mota, A. González, R. López, J. Sánchez, A. Baltanás
Thank you for your attention!



Conservation challenges for mediterranean gypsophytes.

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http://oa.upm.es/12533/1/INVE_MEM_2011_105988.pdf

Conservation challenges for mediterranean gypsophytes.

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