Dos raras especies de Comatricha de reciente descripción. Se estudian dos especies de Comatricha recientemente descritas como nuevas para la ciencia: C. Meandrispora y C. pellucida .
Se aportan datos sobre su variabilidad morfológica, preferencias en su fructificación y se amplía su área de distribución penínsular. Se incluyen microfotografias de sus esporocarpos y al MEB de sus caracteres diferenciales mas importantes.Two rare recently described species of the genus Comatricha. Two species of the
genus Comatricha recently described as new for the science are studied: C. Meandrispora and C.
pellucida. Dates about its morphologic variability and preference regarding its fructification are given. Moreover, the area of its distribution is enlarged. Microphotographs both of sporocarps and more
important differential characters under SEM are included

A. Sánchez

Aurelio Castillo

Carlos Illana Esteban

Gabriel Moreno Horcajada

Two rare recently described species of the genus Comatricha. Two species of the
genus Comatricha recently described as new for the science are studied: C. Meandrispora and C.
pellucida. Dates about its morphologic variability and preference regarding its fructification are given. Moreover, the area of its distribution is enlarged. Microphotographs both of sporocarps and more
important differential characters under SEM are included.Dos raras especies de Comatricha de reciente descripción. Se estudian dos especies de Comatricha recientemente descritas como nuevas para la ciencia: C. Meandrispora y C. pellucida .
Se aportan datos sobre su variabilidad morfológica, preferencias en su fructificación y se amplía su área de distribución penínsular. Se incluyen microfotografias de sus esporocarpos y al MEB de sus caracteres diferenciales mas importantes

Castillo, Aurelio

Moreno Horcajada, Gabriel

Illana Esteban, Carlos

Sánchez, A.

Hemeroteca Cientifica Catalana

Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 27: 153-158; 2005 153TWO RARE SPECIES RECENTLY DESCRIBED IN THEGENUS COMATRICHAA. CASTILLO, G.MORENO, C. ILLANA & A. SANCHEZDepartamento de Biología Vege tal (Bot ànica), Universidad de Alcalà, 2887 1 Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.E-mails:aurelio.castillo@uah.es;gabriel.moreno@uah.es ;carlos.illana@uah.esABSTRACT. Two rare recently described species of the genus Comatricha. Two species of thegenus Comatricha recently described as new for the science are studied: C. meandrispora and C.pellucida. Dates about its morphologic variability and preference regarding its fructification are given.Moreo ver, the area of its distribution is enlarged. Microphotographs both of sporocarps and moreimportant differential characters under SEM are included.Key words: Myxomycetes, Stemonitales, Comatrieha meandrisp ora, C. p el/lleida , taxonom y, chorology , SEM.RESUMEN. Dos raras especies de Comatricha de reciente descripción. Se estudian dos especiesde Comatricha recientemente descritas como nuevas para la ciencia: C. meandrispora y C. pe llucida .Se aportan datos sobre su variabilidad morfológica, preferencias en su fructificación y se amplía suàrea de distribución penínsular. Se incluyen microfotografias de sus esporocarpos y al MEB de suscaracteres diferenciales mas important cs.Palabras clave: Myxomycetes, Stemonitales, Comatrieha meandrispora, C.pel/lleida, taxonomy, chorology, SEMINTRODUCTIONThe genus Comatricha was proposed by Preuss and is characterized by its stalked sporocarps, itsstalk fibrous in the base , its globose to cylindrical sporotheca, its capillitium forming a net ofslender, dark and branched threads arising along the columella, usually whitout pointed free endsand by its dark and globose spores.Comatricha pellucida was propo sed as a new species for the science in 1992 (MORENO et al. ,1992). Its slender, f1exuous and very pale capillitium is very different from the other species of thegenus Comatricha. In consequence, the species must be placed in the subgenus Laxaria. Up to thedate only the type collection was cited, but recent1y we have found a very abundant collection ofthis species on leaves of elm (U/mu s minori, the same habitat as the type collection. On the otherhand , Comatricha meandrispora was described by CASTILLO et al. (1993) and it is characterizedby its pale and small spores with an omamentation fonned by dark and meander shaped crests, itssinuous capillitium and by its columella, At present, there are not many records of this species.The spore ornamentation both under LM and SEM of these two species is very typical , anddifferent from the rest of species of the genus Comatricha. This confinns that the microscopicfeatures such as spore ornamentation are very important in the identification and delimitation ofsome critical species of Myxomycetes and especially of species of the genus Comatricha. Thesecharacters only can be observed under SEM, preferably using the critical point drying method,which keeps intact the original spore omamentation. This paper has as an objective to complete thedescription of these ton little known species and to increase its chorology with new records.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe collected material was studied with a binocular microscope and after mounting in Hoyer' smedium, with a Nikon (Optiphot) microscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographswere taken in the University of Alcal à de Henares using a Zeiss DSM-95ü. Spore measurementswere made under the oil immersion objective and include surface structure s such as spines or warts.154 Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 27: 153-158; 2005SEM-preparation: Sporocarps were rehydrated in concentrated ammonium hydroxide (28-30%) for30 minutes, dehydrated in aqueous ethanol (700/0) for 30 minutes, fixed for 2 hours in pure ethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (= 1,2-düll ethoxYlllethane) and finall y immerscd in pure aceton e for at least 2hours follo wed by critical point drying and sputtering with gold-palladium.The terminology of the spore-producing stages follo ws DORFELT & MARX (1990) and LADO& PANDO (1997). The spore wall ornamentation as seen in the SEM is describ ed according to theterminology proposed by RAMMELOO (1975a, b). The abbreviations for author citations follo wKIRK & ANSELL (1992). All the samples are keeped in AH herbarium.TAXONOMYComatricha meandrispora A. Castillo , G.Moreno & Illana, Mycotaxon 46: 315. 1993.(Figs. 1- 5,10-11).MATERIALSTUDIED: Guadalajara : Tor remocha del Pinar, on wood of Pinus pinaster Aiton, 22-XI-1992, leg. A. Casti//o,AH 15360 and AH 15364. Mad rid: Santa María de la Alameda, source Arroyo del Tobar, 1650 m., on tn mk whitoutbark of Pinus sy /vestris L., leg. P. Manin & M O/tra, 13-VI-1993, 1958 Oltra in AH 20994 . Santa María de laAlameda, source Arroyo del Tobar, 1650 m., on branch of Pinus sy/vestris L., leg. M P. Núñ ez & M Oltra , 17-X-1 993,224 Oltra in AH 20977. Puerto de Navacerrada (1900 111.), on wood of Pinus sy /vestris L., 19-X-1998, leg. A. Sanchez,AH-28626. Puerto de Cotos (187 5 m.), on wood of Pinus sy /vestris L., 4-VII- 1998, leg. A. Sànchez, AH-30 139.Sego via: Molino El ROIn o, Santo Dom ingo de Pirón (1300 m.), on wood of Pinus sy /vestris L., 12-X-1998, leg. A.Sànchez, AH-28650. Boca del asno (1400 m.), Va lsaín, on wood of Pinus sylvestris L., 7-X- 1996, leg. A. Sànchez, AH-30 140. Boca del asno (1500 m.), Valsaín , on woo d of Pinus sy/vestris L., 28-X-1997, leg. A. Sànchez, AH-30 141.Puerto de Navacerrada, on wood ofPinus sy /vestris L., 11.VI.2002, /eg. A. Sànchez, AH-32244.Comatricha meandrispora was described by CASTILLO et al. (1993), from gatherings growing onwood of Quercus faginea Lam, and Pinus pinaster Aiton, from the province of Guadalajara, Spain.l t is characterized by its pal e and small spores (5,5-7 urn in diam. ) with an omamentation form edby dark elongate and sinuous (meander shaped) crests. Therefore it was named C. meandrispora.Moreover, the shape of sporotheca rang es frorn cylin drical to oval , its capillitium is sinuous and itscolumella typically rostrate. Later, it has been cited from Santa María de la Alameda (Madrid),growing on wood of Pinus sy/vestris L. (OLTRA, 1997). Thi s species is also kno wn from Rognaix(Savoie, France), collected by M. Meyer (personal C0111l11. ). Thi s material wa s not publi shed yet.MOBIN & CAVALCANTI (1999) cite six collections of Comatricha cf. meandrispora from theNa tional Park of Sete Cidades (Piaui, Bra sil), but we should con sider these records as doubtfuluntil they have been revised , since bigger spores (7,6 um diam.) with a finely spinuloseornamentation are described for these samples, very different from C. meandrispora. As we havecollected new and abundant samples of this species, a larger distribution seems very probable. Weadd colour photographs of its sporocarps to contribute to its diffusion among themyxomycetologits.Comatricha pellucida G. Moreno & Illana , Cryp togam ie, Mycol. 13 (4): 299.1992. (Figs.6-9,12-15).Fructifications very abundant, gregarious to disper sed. Sporocarps 0,7-1 ,5 mm in total height,stalked. Sporotheca 0,3-0 ,9 Irun in diam. , globo se to ovoid, reddi sh brown (clayey). Stalk short,from 1/3-1 /4 of the height of the sporotheca, dark reddi sh-brown, Sl1100th, shiny, widened andfibrous at the base. Peridium evanescent, sometimes per sisting as a reddish-brown collar at thebase. Hypothallus conspicuous, discoidal and concolorous with the stalk. Columella present, up to1/2 or 3/4 of the height of the sporotheca, cylindrical or gradually tapering towards the apex,concolor with the stalk, with an irregular apex that sometimes presents small and very short branchesbearing spines. Capillitium hyaline, flaccid, easily fray ing , arising along the columela, without ma inbranches, fonning a network with abundant meshes of variable diameters, hyaline to yellowishhyaline, with darker nodes up to 1 um diam. by LM; capillitium threads 0,2-0 ,5 um in diam. , withabundant straight free ends. Spores 7-9 um diam. , globose, pale reddish-brown by transmitted light,bearing irregularly distributed warts. By SEM, irregularly distributed baculae of different width areobserved.Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 27: 153-158; 2005 155Figs. 1-5 Comatricha meandrispora: 1. AH 28626.2. AH 15360. 3. AH 15360.4. AH 14691 Holotypus. 5.AH 28626 . (bar = 0,5 mm).156 Revista Cata lana de Mico logia, vol. 27: 153-158; 2005MATERIAL STUDIED: La Higu era , Segov ia, 1050 m, on leaves of U/mus minor, /eg. A. S ànchez , 5-11- 1998, AH 30044.Fuente la Reina, Cas tellón, on leaves of U/mus min or , /eg. A. Burguete, 3 1-1-1990, AH 12867 Holotypus , Isotypus in theprivate herbarium ofNanenga- Bremekamp n° 16690 in BR.OBSERVATIO s: Comatricha pellucida is characterized by the clayey color of the sporotheca and itsextremely thin , flexuous and hyaline capillitium, unique in the genus, that remind on one hand ofthe capillitium of some species of the genu s Diderma, and on the other hand of the capillitiumthreads of the genus Physarum. Up to now, only two foliicolous collections of this species areknown , both grow ing on leaves of Ulmus minor Mill er in winter time. Other foliicolous species ofthe genus with a clayey colour are: Comatricha rubens Lister, C. p ulchella (C. Bab.) Rostaf., C.lurida Lister and C. tenerrima (M.A. Curti s) G. Lister. Comatricha rubens is a similar spec iesconcerning size of the sporocarps and spore diameters, but it has a slender and long er stalk, adark er (pinkish brown), anastomosing capillitium with main branches and without node s.Comatricha pulchella shows a dark brown capil1itium and spores with a less marked ornamentationcompared with C. pellucida. By SEM the omamentation is very different and is fonned byconspicuous baculae with thomy and irregular apice s (RA MMELOO, 1983; MORENO, ILLANA& BURGUETE, 1993). Comatricha tenerrima presents a pale red capillitium, dark er as the one ofC. pellucida and a less conspicuous spore ornamentation by LM . By SEM the ornamentation isvery different, fonned by baculae with stellat e apice s (RAMMELOO, 1983; MORENO ; ILLANA& BURGUETE, 1993).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThi s investigation has been partly finan ced by theResearch Proj ect of the "Mini sterio de CienciTecnología, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Inno vación Tecnol ógREN2002-01 965". We expre ss our gratitude to Mr. D.W. Mitchel1 for the revi sion ofthe manu scand wish to thank J.A. Pére z and A. Priego "Servic io de Microscop ía Electrónica, Uni versidadAlcalà" for their invaluable help with the SEM.REFERENCESCASTILLO , A. , G. MORENO & C. TLLAN A (1993).- A new spec ies of Comatricha with incompl etely reticulated sporesfrom Spa in. Mycotaxon 46: 3 15-319.DOR FELT, H. & H. MARX (199 0).- Zur Te nn inologie del' spore nbildenden Stadien del' Myxomyce ten. Beitr. Kenntnis del'Pilze Mitteleur. 6: 5- 14.KIR K, P.M. & A.E. A SELL ( 1992).- Authors offungal names. A list ol authors ol sc ientific nam es offungi, withrecom mended standard forms ol their nam es, including abbreviations index offungi supplement. Eng land, Wa llingford:C.A .B. Tnternational.LADO, C. & F. PAND O (1997).- Myxomycetes, I: Ceratiomyxales, Echinosteliaies. Liceales, Trichiales. Flora MycologicaIberica 2: 1-323. Madr id, Berlin , Stuttgart, Real Jardín Botànico Madrid. J. Cramer.MO BI , M. & L. DE H. CA VALCANTT(1999).- Stemo nitales (Myxomycetes) do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piau i,Brasil. Acta bot. bras. 13 (2) : 139-148.MO REN O, G. , C. ILLANA &M. HEYKOOP (1992).- Spa nish Myxomycetes. V I. Four interesting spec ies belonging to theStemonitales. Cryp toga mie, My co /. 13 (4) : 295-303.MOR ENO , G., C. ILLANA & A. BURG UETE (199 3).- Spanish Myxomycetes. VII. (prov ince of Castellon). Mycotaxon 46:407-424.OLTRA, M. (1997) .- Myxomycetes procedentes de las actividades de la Sociedad Micológica de Ma drid. Bo/. Soc. Micol.Madrid 22: 9-2 1.RAMMELOO, J. (1975a) .- Structure of the epispore in the Stemonitales (Myxomyce tes) as seen with the scanning electronmicrosco pe. Bu//. Jard Bot. Belg . 45: 301- 306.RAMMELO O, J. ( 1975b).- Struc ture of the epispore in the Trichiaceae tTrichiales , Myxomycetes) as seen with the scanningelectron microscope. Bu/ /. Soc. Roy . Bot. Belgique 107: 353-359 .RAMMELOO, J. (1983).- Flore illustrée des champignons d'Afrique cent ra le. Fasc. 11 Echinostelia les et Stemon itales(Myxomycetes). Ministère de l'Agriculture. Jardin Botaniqu e Na tiona l de Belgiqu e. Mei se.Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 27: 153-158; 2005 157Figs. 6-9 Comatricha pellucida: 6. AH 12867 Holotypus. 7. AH 12867 Holo typus. 8-9. AH 30044 . (bar = 0,5mm),158 Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 27: 153-158; 2005Figs. 10-11 Comatricha meandrispora AH 32244: 1. Spore (bar = 1 um). 2. Detail of spore omamentation(bar = 500 nm). Figs. 12-15 Comatricha pellucida AH 30444: 12. Capillitium (bar = 1 um). 13-14. Spores(bar = 1 um), 15. Detail of spore ornamentation (bar = 1 um),

Two rare species recently described in the genus Comatricha

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Two rare species recently described in the genus Comatricha

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