Chemicals active in the prevention of bacterial biofilms

Abstract

U ovom radu izložen je kratki pregled o istraživanju bakterijskih biofilmova, njihovom formiranju, prijenosu, prisutnosti u raznim okolinama i kemikalijama koje služe za njihovo suzbijanje. Biofilmovi su važni s medicinskog aspekta, budući da su naše tjelesne površine od kože do zuba te crijeva pokrivene bakterijama koje potencijalno mogu izazvati bolest ili kontaminirati medicinsku opremu. Isto tako, kontaminacija površina je glavni izazov u proizvodnji hrane. S obzirom na probleme koje izazivaju, postoje različiti pristupi u istraživanju sprječavanja njihovog nastanka. Znanstvena istraživanja zbog bakterijske multirezistentnosti na antibiotike su godinama usmjerena na pronalaženje kemijskih spojeva koji imaju baktericidno i bakteriostatsko djelovanje kao i na spojeve koji sprječavaju bakterijsko vezanje na različite površine, a time i formiranje biofilmova. Najčešće istraživani i najbolji rezultati dobiveni su s kemijskim spojevima što su srebro (taloženjem plazme), D-tirozin (repelentna aktivnost), furanon (fizikalna adsorpcija), kvarterne amonijeve soli (kovalentne veze), silika nanočestice s kvartarnim amonijevim solima (kovalentne veze), trimetilsilan (taloženje plazme s kovalentnom vezom), PLL-g-PEG (poli-L-lizin - graft - poli - etilen glikolom) i silika koloidi (superhigrofobno vezanje). Usprkos nedostacima brojnih pristupa, pokazalo se da je biološko - kemijski pristup jedan od učinkovitijih. On istražuje svojstava anti-biofilmskog biomaterijala i kemijske spojeve koji imaju najveću ulogu u sprječavanju negativnog učinka (bolesti, smrtnost) povezanog s infekcijama uzrokovanim bakterijskim biofilmovima.This work presents a brief overview of historical review of the bacterial biofilm studies, their formation, transfer and presence in variety of environments and agents used for their control. Biofilms are important from a medical point of view, since our body surface, the teeth and our intestines are covered with bacteria that can potentially cause disease or contaminate medical equipment. Also, contamination of the surface is a major challenge in food production. There are different studying approaches of preventing their occurrence considering the problems they cause. Due to bacterial multiple resistance to antibiotics for years, the scientific aims are focused on finding chemical compounds which have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect so as compounds that inhibit the bacterial binding to different surfaces and, therefore, the formation of biofilms. The most common researches that obtained the best results are those with chemical compounds such as silver (plasma deposition), D-Tyrosine (repellency activity), furanones (physical adsorption), a quaternary ammonium salt (covalent bonds), silica nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium salts (covalent bonds), trimethylsilane (plasma deposition with covalently), PLL-g-PEG (poly - L-lysine - graft - poly - ethylene glycol) and the silica colloids (superhydrophobic coating). It has been demonstrated that the biological - chemical approach is one of the most effective. Investigating the properties of anti-bacterial biomaterials and chemical compounds that have a major role in preventing the negative impact (illness, mortality) associated with infections caused by bacterial biofilms