Fenta, Berhanu A.

Habte, Endeshaw

Katungi, Enid

Yirga, Chilot

Katungi, Enid M.

CGSpace

Produced for the27 February – 4 March 2016Fig.2 Spatial distribution of sample districtsReaping the benefits: Assessing impacts and facilitating diffusion of improved common bean technologies in EthiopiaEndeshaw Habte 1, Enid Katungi 2, Chilot Yirga 1 and Berhanu A.Fenta 11 Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), P.O.Box 2003, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia2 International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P.O.Box 6247, Kampala, UgandaCommon bean is an important cash and food crop for small holdersin Ethiopia. It is widely grown in the central, southern, and northwestern parts of Ethiopia (Fig.1) by nearly four million households.In a time when national average productivity was less than 1ton perhectare, EIAR and CIAT obtained financial support from Bill andMelinda gates foundation under the Tropical Legumes project (ledby ICRISAT), which has been used to develop and promote anumber of improved varieties and related management practices.Farmers access to seed by geographic location (Fig. 3) andsocioeconomic status (Fig. 4) is through diverse sources. Otherfarmers trained as seed producers are important as source of seedin SNNP and Amhara regions, and for the poorer farmers.IntroductionResultsConclusions and next steps• The goal is to increase beanproductivity, which will lead tohigher welfare for the peoplein bean value chains.• The purpose of this study wasto assess project progress interms of achieving its goal anddevelopmental outcomesStudy objectivesRegion (Geog. area) District KebeleFarm HHOromia 22 56 616SNNP 8 24 264Amhara 8 19 209BNSG 1 3 334 strata 39 102 1122Fig.4 Sources of seed (by socioeconomic status: quartiles of poverty scorecard) of sample farmers(%)Government extension as a source ofseed is evenly spread across regionsthan it is across socioeconomic groups.• It is more available to well-offfarmers while poorer farmers gettheir seed from local market (Fig.4).• This means that poorer farmershave to wait for early adopters tosupply improved varieties to localmarket.The impact of adopting improvedvarieties of common beans is estimatedfor full sample including non-intervention areas and sub-sampleconsisting of intervention areas (Table2). The estimate for the full samplesuggest yield gain of about 336 kg/ha(based on radius matching. Thecorresponding yield gain for adopters inthe intervention area was 564-628kg/ha- nearly double the gain in thefull sample (Table 2). The resultsgenerally suggest that the investment oncommon bean research anddevelopment has achieved its goal ofincreasing productivity which cantranslate into household welfare.. Farmers are reaping the benefits of improved varieties . This corroborates  the  national statistics of yield gain from 1 ton to 1.7 tons/ha between 2008 and 2016  (project period). Most farmers rely mainly on informal sources of seed. Formal ones are accessible mainly to well-off farmers. These two seed channels can be complementarity, one for the rich; the other for the poor Government extension can increase its impacts among poorer farmers by targeting farmer groups for the poor More work on robustness check for unobserved heterogeneity in the  analysis In addition, accurate analysis on the impact and seed diffusion is expected as seed samples collected from respondents are precisely identified using DNA finger printing analysis Estimate impacts of adoption on household welfare: food security, incomes and poverty on-going0.0020.0040.0060.0080.00100.00120.00Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4% of farmers Axis TitleOwn saved Local market/open air Other farmers/groupsGovt extn Private trader/shop Others ( aid, NGO)Research center0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%AmharaBenshanguOromiaSNNPROwn saved Govt extnLocal market/open air Other farmers/groupsResearch center Others (traders, aid, NGO)Examine varietal diffusion pathways and inclusivityMeasure and explain adoptionAssess impacts on household welfare :a) Food securityb) Household incomesc) povertyEstimate productivity gains1234• The impacts of new variety adoption ondevelopment outcomes are analyzedwithin the treatment effects frameworkusing a combination of econometricapproaches: Propensity score matching(PSM) and instrumental variable methods.• In order to investigate patterns of accessto improved common bean seeds acrossfarmers of different socioeconomic status,the sampled households are categorizedinto quartiles using poverty scorecard(Schreiner and Cheu, 2009) (with cut offpoints at 25%, 50%, and 75%), the firstquantile being most poor and the fourthquantile the most well-off.• The study was conducted in four regional states ofEthiopia which consist over 98% of the totalcommon bean production area (CSA, 2015), andare used as sampling strata (Fig. 2)• Structured household and communityquestionnaires were used to elicit information froma nationally representative sample of 1122households and 102 kebeles that were selectedbased on stratified probability proportional to size(where production area was used as size) methodin the four strata (Table 1)Table 1. Sampling distribution by strata and samplingunitsResultsMethodologyResultsResultsTable 2. Impact of improved varieties on yield (kg/ha), PSM (sub-sample: intervention areas1 234Matching algorism# Bean plots (improved variety)# Bean plots (local variety) ATT Std. Err. tFull sampleNearest meighbor 482 314 -54.1 269.8 -0.201Radius 482 827 336.6 184.7 1.823Kernel 482 827 218.4 199.7 1.094Stratification 482 827 207.3 174.6 1.187Intervention areasNearest meighbor 253 135 258.3 290.8 0.888Radius 253 260 628.7 217.2 2.895Kernel 253 260 575.3 181.8 3.164Stratification 253 260 565.8 174.7 3.238Fig. 3 Sources of seed (by geographic location of sample farmers (%)View publication stats

Reaping the benefits: Assessing impacts and facilitating diffusion of improved common bean technologies in Ethiopia

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Reaping the benefits: Assessing impacts and facilitating diffusion of improved common bean technologies in Ethiopia

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