Dekkers, E.C.A.

Govaert, L.E.

Kanters, M.J.W.

Meijer, H.E.H.

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 Message from "Buddha" : a practical application of long-termfailure estimationCitation for published version (APA):Kanters, M. J. W., Dekkers, E. C. A., Govaert, L. E., & Meijer, H. E. H. (2013). Message from "Buddha" : apractical application of long-term failure estimation. Poster session presented at Mate Poster Award 2013 : 18thAnnual Poster Contest.Document status and date:Published: 01/01/2013Document Version:Accepted manuscript including changes made at the peer-review stagePlease check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can beimportant differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. Peopleinterested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit theDOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and pagenumbers.Link to publicationGeneral rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, pleasefollow below link for the End User Agreement:www.tue.nl/taverneTake down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:openaccess@tue.nlproviding details and we will investigate your claim.Download date: 16. Nov. 2023  From the Dome’s dimensions (Fig.4), the estimated hoop stress induced by the water pressure is:   𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝=𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝐷2𝑡≈ 2,3 MPa.  For this stress and a constant temperature of 25°C (which is rather unrealistic), the failure is estimated to happen already in November 2007 (Fig.3b)!   Polymer Technology / department of mechanical engineering States of Nature: “Buddha” a On October 12th 2006, an art project by Alex Vermeulen and a group of physicist students, was revealed on the campus of TU/e. Eighty-eight solar cells, mounted on egg shaped floats, generate electrical energy which is converted into a magnetic field. A transparent Perspex cylinder, situated in the middle of a pond, contains a “Buddha”-like figure on a magnet which can move up and down, depending on the magnetic fields magnitude (Fig.1).  About PMMA  PMMA’s stress dependency of the plastic strain rate can be found by performing constant rate experiments (Fig.3a) and the critical strain results from constant load experiments (Fig.3b), both in compression and at different temperatures.  Doomsday  On the morning 1st of July 2010, the 12 mm thick Perspex (PMMA) dome suddenly shattered into pieces with no reason (Fig.2). So after approx. 4 years, this was the end of “Buddha”.      + - converter laminated core magnetic field, B  current, I  Fig.1: Schematic representation of the principle.  Fig.3: Stress dependence of the plastic strain rate (a) and time-to-failure (b) of PMMA. 05/11/’07 Fig.2: Security camera footage, 01-07-’10. 5:55:28 5:55:30 5:55:32 Failure of polymers  When a polymer is subjected to a constant load it will start to deform in time (creep). The deformation rate depends strongly on temperature and load. The material can only deform for a certain extend, so eventually this will lead to failure. 3,57 m 1,55 m 12 mm Fig.4: Dome’s dimensions source: Cursor/36  Message from “Buddha”  A practical application of long-term failure estimation.   Marc J.W. Kanters, Erwin C.A. Dekkers[*], Leon E. Govaert, Han E.H. Meijer [*] Equipment & Prototype Center (EPC) 0 0 01/07/’10 The lesson(s) learned  As Fig.3b shows, the slope of the time-to-failure versus stress is rather high, and this causes a very limited lifetime, even for extremely small loads!  Therefore, failure of the “Buddha” has nothing to do with a mistake in design (safety factor>35), but is determined by the    PMMA Shark tank Singapore Fig.5: Food for thought? intrinsic behavior of PMMA.  These results imply that the design rules for the use of PMMA in structural applications should be drastically improved! 12/10/’06 Back to the dome 

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Message from "Buddha" : a practical application of long-term failure estimation

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 Message from "Buddha" : a practical application of long-termfailure estimationCitation for published version (APA):Kanters, M. J. W., Dekkers, E. C. A., Govaert, L. E., & Meijer, H. E. H. (2013). Message from "Buddha" : apractical application of long-term failure estimation. Poster session presented at Mate Poster Award 2013 : 18thAnnual Poster Contest.Document status and date:Published: 01/01/2013Document Version:Accepted manuscript including changes made at the peer-review stagePlease check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can beimportant differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. Peopleinterested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit theDOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and pagenumbers.Link to publicationGeneral rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, pleasefollow below link for the End User Agreement:www.tue.nl/taverneTake down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:openaccess@tue.nlproviding details and we will investigate your claim.Download date: 17. Nov. 2023  From the Dome’s dimensions (Fig.4), the estimated hoop stress induced by the water pressure is:   𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝=𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝐷2𝑡≈ 2,3 MPa.  For this stress and a constant temperature of 25°C (which is rather unrealistic), the failure is estimated to happen already in November 2007 (Fig.3b)!   Polymer Technology / department of mechanical engineering States of Nature: “Buddha” a On October 12th 2006, an art project by Alex Vermeulen and a group of physicist students, was revealed on the campus of TU/e. Eighty-eight solar cells, mounted on egg shaped floats, generate electrical energy which is converted into a magnetic field. A transparent Perspex cylinder, situated in the middle of a pond, contains a “Buddha”-like figure on a magnet which can move up and down, depending on the magnetic fields magnitude (Fig.1).  About PMMA  PMMA’s stress dependency of the plastic strain rate can be found by performing constant rate experiments (Fig.3a) and the critical strain results from constant load experiments (Fig.3b), both in compression and at different temperatures.  Doomsday  On the morning 1st of July 2010, the 12 mm thick Perspex (PMMA) dome suddenly shattered into pieces with no reason (Fig.2). So after approx. 4 years, this was the end of “Buddha”.      + - converter laminated core magnetic field, B  current, I  Fig.1: Schematic representation of the principle.  Fig.3: Stress dependence of the plastic strain rate (a) and time-to-failure (b) of PMMA. 05/11/’07 Fig.2: Security camera footage, 01-07-’10. 5:55:28 5:55:30 5:55:32 Failure of polymers  When a polymer is subjected to a constant load it will start to deform in time (creep). The deformation rate depends strongly on temperature and load. The material can only deform for a certain extend, so eventually this will lead to failure. 3,57 m 1,55 m 12 mm Fig.4: Dome’s dimensions source: Cursor/36  Message from “Buddha”  A practical application of long-term failure estimation.   Marc J.W. Kanters, Erwin C.A. Dekkers[*], Leon E. Govaert, Han E.H. Meijer [*] Equipment & Prototype Center (EPC) 0 0 01/07/’10 The lesson(s) learned  As Fig.3b shows, the slope of the time-to-failure versus stress is rather high, and this causes a very limited lifetime, even for extremely small loads!  Therefore, failure of the “Buddha” has nothing to do with a mistake in design (safety factor>35), but is determined by the    PMMA Shark tank Singapore Fig.5: Food for thought? intrinsic behavior of PMMA.  These results imply that the design rules for the use of PMMA in structural applications should be drastically improved! 12/10/’06 Back to the dome 

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Message from "Buddha" : a practical application of long-term failure estimation

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