The study of the endoparasitic cephaline gregarine in the gut content of millipede (Chondromorpha severini) was found to be infested with a new species (Stenophora bristili) of genus Stenophora (Labee, 1899). It differs from all the earlier reported species. The shape of the body of cephalont small elongated, slightly curved and rounded posterior end. Potomerite consists of fine bundle of bristles. The Sporont is elongated curved, slightly tapering and rounded posterior end, having brush like broader in between protomerite and deutomerite, Nucleus isspherical with ecentric karyosome. The different developmental stages including cephalont, sporont, gametocyst and sporocyst have been observed

Bhandari, J. C.

Nikam, S. V.

The study of the endoparasitic cephaline gregarine in the gut content of millipede (Chondromorpha severini) was found to be infested with a new species (Stenophora bristili) of genus Stenophora (Labee, 1899). It differs from all the earlier reported species. The shape of the body of cephalont small elongated, slightly curved and rounded posterior end. Potomerite consists of fine bundle of bristles. The Sporont is elongated curved, slightly tapering and rounded posterior end, having brush like broader in between protomerite and deutomerite, Nucleus isspherical with ecentric karyosome. The different developmental stages including cephalont, sporont, gametocyst and sporocyst have been observed.</jats:p

J. C. Bhandari

S. V. Nikam

Crossref

Journal of Applied and Natural Science

Description of a new species cephaline gregarine Stenophora bristili (Apicomplexa, Sporozoea) from Millipede (Chondromorpha severini) in Aurangabad district (M.S), India

128Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5 (1): 128-131 (2013)  JANSDescription of a new species cephaline gregarine Stenophora bristili(Apicomplexa, Sporozoea) from Millipede (Chondromorpha severini) inAurangabad district (M.S), IndiaJ. C. Bhandari* and S. V. NikamDepartment of Zoology Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad. (M.S.), INDIA*Corresponding author. E-mail: joproto@gmail.comReceived:October 26, 2012; Revised received:February 27, 2013; Accepted:March 25, 2013Abstract: The study of the endoparasitic cephaline gregarine in the gut content of millipede (Chondromorphaseverini) was found to be infested with a new species (Stenophora bristili) of genus Stenophora (Labee, 1899). Itdiffers from all the earlier reported species. The shape of the body of cephalont small elongated, slightly curved androunded posterior end. Potomerite consists of fine bundle of bristles. The Sporont is elongated curved, slightlytapering and rounded posterior end, having brush like broader in between protomerite and deutomerite, Nucleus isspherical with ecentric karyosome. The different developmental stages including cephalont, sporont, gametocystand sporocyst have been observed.Keywords: Cephaline gregarine, Chondromorpha severini, StenophoraISSN : 0974-9411 (Print), 2231-5209 (Online)  All Rights Reserved © Applied and Natural Science Foundation  www.ansfoundation.orgINTRODUCTIONMillipedes are a major group of detritivores in tropical andtemperate broadleaf forests. They are important in natureas they play the ecological role of deposit feeders thatenhance the rate of decomposition for other smaller depositfeeders as well as decomposers (Hopkin et al., 1985; Price,1988). Infection by cephaline gregarines is common andwidespread in millipedes (Crawford et al., 1987). Theybelong to the family Gregarinidae, suborder Cephalina,order Eugregarinida, class Sporozoea, and phylumApicomplexa (Margulis et al., 1993). They live in digestivetracts, malpighian tubules, fat tissue, hemolymph, orreproductive organs of marine and terrestrial invertebrates(Chen et al., 1997, Field and Michiels 2006, Valigurová andKoudela 2006). Levine (1970) depicted the life cycle ofgregarines and described as many as 120 species ofgregarines from the eight genera that can infect millipedes,Amphoroides, Cnemidospora, Fonsecaia, Hyalosporina,Monoductus, Phleobum, Spirosoma, and Stenoductus.The Eugregarinida are all parasitic and are restricted toinvertebrates (Clopton, 2002). Mostly harbor are theArthropoda host Genus Stenophora  first established byLabbe (1899). It commonly occurs in the different host ofmillipede. The paper deals with morphological characterstic,similarities and its differences have been found out incomparison with other species of genus Stenophora.MATERIALS AND METHODSChondromorpha severini (Silv) millipede was collectedfrom the university campus of Aurangabad district andwere brought to the laboratory  in plastic boxes filledwith soil and dead leaves collected from their habitats.Millipedes used in this study were distinguished by theirsex and anesthetized by low-temperature knock-down at0oC. After careful dissection, the intestines were takenout from millipedes and divided into three parts, theanterior, middle, and posterior, residue of intestine takenout separately in to watch glasses containing 0.6% NaCl.All different stages of gregarines in the gut were examinedunder the phase contrast microscope. The smeared areair-dried and fixation was done by schaudinn’s fixativeand the smears were stained with haematoxylin.Gregarines were identified according to theircharacteristic features as described by Clopton (2002).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDescription of the species Stenophora bristili (n.sp)Cephalont: The small cephalont was observed in theanterior part of intestine. The cephalont is elongated,small, slightly curved and rounded at the posterior end(Fig 1). It measures 37.29 to 46.6 µm in length and 16.31 to27.96µm in width. The protomerite consists of  fine bundleof bristles. The deutomerite is elongated slightly curvedat the posterior end. The nucleus is ovoidal in shapewith small karyosome  placed at the middle of thedeutomerite.Sporont: The fully mature sporont was present in themiddle part of intestine. It is extensively elongatedcurved, slightly tapering and rounded at posterior end.It measures about 228.34 to 314.55 µm in length and 30.29to 48.93µm in width.2008APPLIED    ANDNATURAL SCIENCEFOUNDATIONANSF129J. C. Bhandari and S. V. Nikam / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 5 (1): 128-131 (2013)The body of the sporont divided in to three parts,epimerite, protomerite and deutomerite. These parts areseparated by an endoplasmic indentation. There is clearlydistinction between ectoplasm and endoplasm. Theectoplasm forms outer covering of the body it is thin anddark and the endoplasm is dence and yellowish brown incolour.The septum in between protomerite and deutomeriteforms brushlike border. At the tip of the protomerite,epimerite modifies in to fine bristles, it measures about9.32 to 11.65µm in length. The deutomerite is extremelyelongated slightly curved and rounded at the posteriorend. It measures 167.76 to 244.71µm in length and 23.3 to48.93µm in width. The nucleus is dark granular, sphericalin shape and it is generally located in the middle of thedeutomerite but in some cases it is slightly at the posteriorend. Karyosome is seen which is slightly eccentric.Gametocyst: The gametocyst is somewhat oval in shapeduring the course of development it become spherical. Itmeasures 20 to 30µm in diameter.Sporocyst: No sporocyst was found.After comparison with Stenophora species describedfrom millipede, the present species was found to be closestto S. ellipsoidi (Chakrawarty,1934), S. mahabaleshwari(Amoji  and Rodgi, 1972), S. cassidiformis (Rodgi andBhall, 1961) S. ozakii, (Hukui, 1952 and  Gulbhile, 2005) S.papillata (Karandikar and Rodgi, 1955), S. conjugate(Rodgi and Ball, 1961) and S. akiyoshinsis (Hyoma andHoshide, 1969) but it shows some distinguishingcharacters which makes it  different from all of them.The shape of the body is ellipsoidal in the S. elliposoidiand S. cassidiformis, in the S. mahabaleshwari it is leaflike. Elongated cylindrical shape is present in S. ozakii,S. conjugata and S. akiyoshinsis it is cylindrical toelongate ovoid. In the present species it is also elongatedbut swollen in the middle and slightly curved at theposterior end (Fig. 2).Rounded shape of epimerite present in S. ellipsoidi anddome shaped epimerite in the S. mahabaleshwari, balllike and hyline in the S. papillata and S. conjugate. Inthe present species it is different than that of previousspecies. The epimerite modifies in to fine bristles. Theseptum between protomerite and deutomerite forms brushlike border. This type of structure is not seen in theprevious species. The shape of the protomerite is differentin all above species. Bottle shaped protomerite is presentin S. ellipsoidi, pot shaped in S. mahabaleshwri, domeshape in S. cassidiformis, ball and knob like in S. ozakii,shirt buttonlike and dome like with drown out papillapresent in S. papillata and S. conjugate and dome shape,subglobular in S. askiyoshinesis In the present speciesit is somewhat semi oval or bulbous with brush likebroader with slightly concave septum in betweenprotomerite and deutomerite (Fig. 3).Fig.1. Cephalont (EP-Epimerite, DE-Deutomerite, NU-Nucleus).Fig.2. Sporont (EP-Epimerite, PR-Protomerite, DE-Deutomer-ite, NU-Nucleus).The shape of the nucleus in previous species is elliptical,ovidal, spherical, spindle shaped, boat shaped andellipsoidal where as in the present species it is sphericalwith ecentric karyosome. The comparative characters andbody dimensions are shown in table1. The hosts of allthe previous species are different. The present authorconsidered the species described by her as a new species130 J. C. Bhandari and S. V. Nikam / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 5 (1): 128-131 (2013)Table 1. Showing a comparison of the species of the genus Stenophora.S. conjugate131J. C. Bhandari and S. V. Nikam / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 5 (1): 128-131 (2013)Fig. 3. Fine bristles and septum.of genus Stenophora because of its distinctness i.e. brushlike broader in between protomerite and deutomerite andepimerite modifies in fine bristles (Fig. 3).All of these differences suggest that the present speciesis a new one and hence named Stenophora brisitili (n.sp).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors are thankful to the Head of Department ofZoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar MarathwadaUniversity, Aurangabad (M.S) India for their kindcooperation, encouragement and facilities extended to us.REFERENCESAmoji, S. D. and Rodgi, S. S. (1972): New species of gregarine,Stenophora mahabaleshweri, sp. nov., from millipede,Strongylosome sp. Karnatak Univ. J. Sc., 17: 96-99.Chakravarty, M. M. (1934): Studies on Sporozoa from Indianmillipedes. III. Life history of a Stenophora ellipsoidi nsp.Arch. Parotistenk., 82: 164-168.Chen, W. J., Chow, C.Y and Wu, S.T. (1997): Ultrastructure ofinfection, development and gametocyst formation ofAscorgregarina taiwanensis (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae) inits mosquito host, Aedes albopictus (Dipteria: Culicidae).J.Eukary. Microbiol. 44:101-108.Clopton, R.E (2002): Phylum Apicomplexa Levine 1970: OrderEugregarinorida Leger, 1900. In: Lee JJ, Leedale G, PattersonD, Bradbury PC (eds) llustrated guide to the protozoa, 2ndedn. Society of Prozozoologists, Lawrence, KS, 205-288.Crawford, C.S., Bercovitz and Warburg, M.R. (1987): Regionalenvironments, life history patterns and habitate use ofspirostreptid millipedes in arid regions. Zool. J. Linn. Soc.Lond., 89:63-88.Field, S.G and Michiels, N.K. (2006): Acephaline gregarineparasites (Monocystis sp.) are not transmitted sexually amongtheir lumbricid earthworm hosts. J. Parasitol. 92: 292-297.Gulbile, V. D. (2005): Study on protozoan parasites of someinvertebrate. Ph.D. Thesis Dr. Babasaheb AmbedkarMarathwada University, Aurangabad (M.S) India.Hopkin, S.P., Watson, K., Martin, M.H and Mould, M.L.(1985): The assimilation of heavy metals by Lithobiusvariegates and Glomeris marginata (Chilopode; Diplopode).Bijd. Dierkund. 55: 88-94.Hukui, T. 1952. On two types of Stenophora nematoides Legerand Duboscq, 1903. J. of Science of the Hiroshima University(Zool.), 13, 91-95.Hyoma Hoshide (1969): Note on the gregarines in Japan 3. A.new Gregarine, Stenophora akiyoshiensis n.sp from a caveliving Millipede, Skleroprotopus ikedai Takauwa. Bulletin ofthe faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University. Vol. 19, pt 2.Karandikar and Rodgi (1930): Some New species of gregarinefrom millipedes of Mysore State, India. J. Protozoologyvol. 7. 7-8, 162-179.Labbe, (1899): Sporozoa. Das Tierreich. 5: 1-180.Levine, N.D. (1970): Phylum Apicomplexa In: J.J. Lee, S.H.Hutner and E.C. Bovee, eds. 1985. An Illustrated Guide tothe Protozoa, Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, KS, pp.322-374..Margulis, L., Mckhann, H.I. and Olendzenski, L (1993):Illustrated Glossary of Protista. Jones and BarlettPublishers, London,UK p 276.Price, P.W. (1988): An overview of oraganismal interaction inecosystems in evolutionary and ecological time. Agric.Ecosys. Environ. 24: 369-377.Rodgi, S. S. and Ball, G. H. (1961): New species of gregarinefrom millipedes of Mysore State, India. J. Protozool., 8 (2):162-179.Valigurová, A and Koudela, B. (2006): Ultra structural studyof developmental stages of Mattesia dispora(Neogregarinorida: Lipotrophidae), a parasite of the flourmoth Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera). Eur. J. Protistol.42:313-323.

https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/293/272

Description of a new species cephaline gregarine Stenophora bristili (Apicomplexa, Sporozoea) from Millipede (Chondromorpha severini) in Aurangabad district (M.S), India

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Crossref

Journal of Applied and Natural Science