Masalah-masalah terapi drug (DTP) merupakan suatu cabaran penting kepada pengamal penjagaan kesihatan, ianya juga mempengaruhi morbiditi, mortaliti dan kualiti kehidupan

pesakit (QoL).







Drug therapy problems (DTP) are a significant challenge to health care providers that are associated with morbidity, mortality and patient’s quality of life (QoL)

Mahmoud, Mansour Adam

English

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1.2.2(b) Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality Drug-related morbidity is a failure of a drug therapy to produce the intended therapeutic outcomes, either due to treatment failure or the development of new medical indications (Hepler and Strand,

1.2.3 (f) Drug Interactions (DIs) DIs result from a drug-drug, drug-food and drug-laboratory interactions (Cipolle et al.,

1.2.3(b) Drug without Indication (DWI) A drug without indication (DWI) occurs when a patient takes an unnecessary drug therapy for which the clinical indication is not present at that time (Cipolle et al.,

1.2.3(e) Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) As stated by Cipolle

1.2.3(h) Patient Non-adherence The term “adherence” is preferred over “compliance” in medical practice (Tilson,

1.2.4(a) Definition CKD is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

1.2.4(d) Risk Factors for CKD Risk factors for CKD include DM, high BP, proteinurea, family history of renal disease, increasing age, hyperlipidaemia and tobacco usage (DiPiro et al.,

A DTP is defined as an undesirable event or risk experienced by a patient, which involves or is suspected to involve drug therapy (Strand et al.,

A study of HD patient adherence to a drug regimen showed that 50.2% of them were non-adherent to a drug regimen, and 49.5% were non-adherent to fluid restrictions (Bame et al.,

actual DTPs can be identified thorough medication profile reviews, and these problems can be prevented by monitoring therapeutic plans (Britton and Lurvey,

al (2003c) reported that ADRs were the second most common DTP identified in HD patients. ADRs are also very common in elderly patients (Hajjar et al., 2003; Williamson and Chopin

An example of UD in dialysis patients is decreased erythropoietin (EPO) dosing with regard to recent haemoglobin values (John and Marc,

Clinical pharmacists can play an important role in identifying and resolving DTPs through cooperation with patients and other health care providers (Grabe et al.,

Examples of this type of DTP include the following (Strand

It has been reported that cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death among ESRD patients (Wong et al., 2005; Go et al.,

Measuring a patient’s adherence to a drug regimen is often difficult. One of the most useful methods to measure patient adherence is a patient interview (Fletcher et al.,

Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) 1.2.5.1 Epidemiology of ESRD The number of ESRD patients worldwide reported by the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) in 2005 has risen from 888,000 in 1999 to 1,129,000 in

The Cockcroft-Gault equation depends on SCr, which is associated with the tubular secretion of creatinine. This could lead to overestimation of GFR by 10 to 40% in individuals with normal renal function (National Kidney Foundation,

The patient received an expensive drug instead of a cheaper and equally effective drug. Kaplan et al. (1994b) reported that 40% of HD patients had potentially suboptimal or ineffective drug therapy and needed an alternative drug selection.

The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reported that hypertension was present in 24% of American population (Burt et al.,

Drug Therapy Problems And Quality Of Life In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease [RM262. M289 2008 f rb].

http://eprints.usm.my/9696/1/DRUG_THERAPY_PROBLEMS_AND_QUALITY_OF_LIFE_IN_PATIENTS_WITH_CHRONIC_KIDNEY_DISEASE.pdf

Drug Therapy Problems And Quality Of Life In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease [RM262. M289 2008 f rb].

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