The oral region contains all types of mineralized tissues found in the body. Its nonnalmucosa lining exhibits a greater variation in histo-structure than found in the entire skin surface

Farid, C G

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HIGH~RESOLUTION', ,MICROSCOPY ANDMICROANALYSIS INORAL BIOLOGY AND, DENTISTRYSeminar Update On Microscopy &Microanalysis (03-~-ar-':'i-d,-C-=-'-.G-'---lSchool ofHe'alth SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus161~O, Kubang Kerian, KelantanThe oral region contains all types ofmineralised tissues found in the body. Itsnonnalmucosa lining exhibits a greatervariation in histo-structure than found inthe entire skin surface. As such the 'oralcavity gives rise to diseases not foundelsewhere in the body and additionally, a, - great variety of systemic diseases may~xpress themselves in the oral cavity and'paraoral, region. High;. resolutionmicroscope applications in oral biologyand dentistry" (1). brings structuralbiology understanding and maps thenatural state of its -biological cell e.g.odontoblasts, osteoclasts, cementoblastsetc under nonnal and pathologicalconditions-expanding researchcapabilities and ability to understandcellular structures and processes ,with 'direct impact to pain management (2).,'Its probing capabilities facilitate thecharacterization of the atomic structuresof dental composites materials thus'allowing observation of their dynamic'behaviors 'under various differentconditions. These observations areimportant especially to improve thequality, performance of the dental,cosmetic composites and restorative, materials and finally (3). thedevelopments of microscopy and itstechniques e.g. for isolation and growingcells under reproducible·1conditions have contributed to theunderstanding of oral biologycontroversies thus, providing betterinsight of actual· descriptions.Dentine isa biological· mineralised tooth structurethat is densely -perforated with dentinaltubules that· extend from the pulpchamber to the enamel-dentine junction.The presence of dentinal tubules is anattributing factor to dentine permeability(Thomas, 1985). ill the literature· thereare numerous descriptions of odontoblastprocesses in dentine tubules (Ten Cate;1967; Brannstrom and Garberogli0 ,,1972; Garberoglio .'and Brannstroffi,1976 but the extent of the process andthe volume of, the dentinal tubule it·occupies are some features; whichremain controversial. Using fluorescentmicroscopy Byers and Sugaya,(1995),reported that the odontoblast process in 'rats does not extend into outer·dentineexcept ,during the early stages ofdevelopment. The study also reportedthat the processes present along theinnervated regions of the crown werelong and,straight, whereas those in rootdentine were extensively branched andshorter in "length. In a scanning electronmicroscope study Szabo, et aL, (1984)showed the presence of the odontoblastprocess in inner, middle and· peripheraldentine and reported that the odontoblastprocess observed in the inner third of thedentine was closely apposed to thetubule wall and was present in mosttubules in that region. These ear1i~rSeminar Update On Microscopy & Microanalysis (03studies measured the. diameter andnumber of the dentinal tubules in animaland human dentition using both the lightand the conventional scanning electronmicroscope but still the extent of theprocess and the volume of the dentinaltubule it occupies especially in humantooth model are some features that stillremain until now controversial. Atpresent the odontoblast layer is beingsuggested as a barrier. Little knowledgeis known now to suggest the mechanismorchestrated by this layer. To understandthe barner there. is a need toacknowledge the functional odontoblastcellular kinetics that maintains. itsintactness as a layer and itsultrastructural significant. This willfurther understanding of the role of theintercellular junctional complexes of theodontoblast layer towards exogenouspermeation of fluid and substances.In 1905, von Korff reported the presenceof argyrophilic fibres between theodontoblasts in early stages ofdentinogenesis in teeth of pigs andcalves. Ever since then the existence ofthese corkscrew argyrophilic fibres hasbeen very controversial. In 1994,Ohsaki and Nagata confinned that thevon Korff fibres seen in a developingmouse molar consisted mainly of type illcollagen in which a non-collagenousprotein fibronectin was found to bedensely associated. The association offibronectin with von Korff fibres may berelated to the organisation ~d .maintenance of their structural integrity.These von Korff fibres extend from thedentine.between the apical ends of theodontoblast cell bodies into theinterodontoblastic space and from theinterodontoblastic space into thesubodontoblast layer of the pulp (hencealso known as interodontoblastic fibres) ..2There are various macroscopic changesobserved on the tooth morphology,especially in its form and colour thatoccurs concurrently with age.·· Thesechanges are usually associated related towear and attrition. To date there isvarious high-grade research end lightand electron microscope available that isof importance to dentistry, among themis the confocal true laser microscope,variable pressure scanning electronmicroscope .and the fully automatedanalytical transmission electronmicroscope. The prevention andtreatment of oral and dental diseasesrequires a thorough knowledge of thehistological and biological variablesinfluencing the aging and diseasepatterns.ReferencesBra1Ulstroms, M., Garberoglio, R.(1972). The dentinal tubules andthe odontoblast process; Ascanning electron microscopicstudy, Acta Odontol Scand 30:291.Byers, M. R., Sugaya, A. (1995).Odontoblast process ·in dentinerevealed by fluorescent Di-I. J.Histochemistry and Cytochem.43(2). 159-168.Garberoglio;R., Brannstrom, M.(1976). Scanning electronmicroscopic investigation ofhuman dentinal tubules. Archsoral Bioi. 21. 355-362.Ohsaki, Y., Nagata, K. (1994).Type ill is a major component ofinterodontoblastic fibers of the.......... w ........ t ..........., •• '1 ... ""'.'U'-''''''-'''t •• v, u .........,,, ......... ..., ....... '\.PUSA.T PENGAJIAN SAINS PERUBATAN(304IPPSKI6131185)PENYELJDIK: DR FARIP CHE C'H.QAUNAMA PROJEK : "HUMAN MOLAF! TOOTH. 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Odontoblast process ·in dentine revealed by fluorescent Di-I.

Scanning electron microscopic investigation of human dentinal tubules. Archs oralBioi.

The dentinal tubules and the odontoblast process; A scanning electron microscopic study,

High-Resolution Microscopy And Microanalysis In Oral Biology And Dentistry.

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High-Resolution Microscopy And Microanalysis In Oral Biology And Dentistry.

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