PPJJ, Pusat Pengajian Jarak Jauh

English

Repository@USM

UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIAFinal ExaminationAcademic Session 2007 /2008April2008fMG 317E - Qaantitative Geography[GeograJi KaantitatiflDuration: 3 hours[Masa: 3 jamJPlease ensure that this examination paper contains ELEVEN printed pages before youbegin the examination.Ansrver FOUR questions only. If you answer more than four questions, only the first fourwill be graded. You can answer either in Bahasa Malaysia oi English.Read the instructions carefully before answering.Each question is worth 25 marks. Showyour works, marks will be given for each work.[Sila pastilran bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi SEBELAS muka surat yongbercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan.Jowab EMPAT (4) soalan. Jika calon menjawab lebih daripado empat soalan, hanyaempat soalan pertama mengikut susunan dalam slvip jawapan akan diberi marftah. Andaboleh menjawab sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa English.Baca arahan dengan teliti sebelum anda menjawab soalan.Setiap soalan diperuntukkan 25 marl<ah.J...2/--2-l. Explain the meaning of FIVE (5) of the followings:(a) SkewnessO) Normal distribution(c) Interval data(d) FrequencYdistribution(e) Confidence interval(f) Significance level(g) Hypothesis testing[.rMG 3178](5 marks)(5 marks)(5 marks)(5 marks)(5 marks)(5 marks)(5 marks)2. construct a frequency table and draw a histogram for the following dataset'32 35 42 JJ 36 38 JI JJ 38 36 35 34 3t 40 38 36 35 3l 37 36JJ36 39 40 JJ 30 35 37 39 32 39 JI 35 36 39 JJ 3l 40 37 34 34 37(25 marks)In one class, half of the students are given coffee with caffeine and another halfcoffee without caffeine. The number of times each student yawns during the lectureis recorded with the following results. Answer the following questions'(a) What is the problem statement of the above scenario?O) State the null and alternative hypothesis'(5 marks)(5 marks)(c) Test the hypothesis and place a95%o confidence interval on the regressioncoefficient' (15 marks)...)t-[.rMG 3r7E]4. Find the mean, standard deviation and z-score of the following dataset, show yourwork.3, 6, 7, I22, 4I, 21, 17, l. 3(25 marks)The following data are collected in an effort to determine whether rainfall (inches)is dependent on elevation (feet).Rainfall (inches) Elevation (feet)36 40078 800ll 20045 675(a) Based on the above table, test the hypothesis that the regression coeffrcientassociated with the independent variables is equal to zero. Place a 95%oconfidence interval on the regression coefficient.(25 marks)6. (a) What is a quadrat analysis?(10 marks)(b) List down step by step procedures of quadrat analysis method.(15 marks)-3-5....4/--4-MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY AI\D MEASURE OF VARIABILITYFormuleaY1. X,:IfrorX:I*or;t*^.. - ( d. ) cd'2. X:L+l -t lc or L+---' -[d, + dr./ d, + d,3. x N*l o, *:L*(!-rl 92 \2 )t4. No. of class: K= 1 + 3.3 1og n5. Class lnterval = t*8e + IK6. Range : J: m7 - my7 . Quartile Q: /, (b - 9r) or Q, : L +{;,r, ,};=L*fl-r)g\4 )f &, Q,!ffi",10.11.8. Meandeviation :ry or: l;lx, -Il - **tlr,-xl* ]It,(1.,-xl)9. Standard deviation =12. t-table is attached.13. 12 test table is attached.X-ut-test : -+o/Vn2, . =-((o-E)')26'-test=Z[-fJ where UU:TUMG 3t7Bltx'-[(rx)'rN]...51-EXHIBIT G-2 Critical values of t for given probability levelsLevel of significance for one-tailed test.10 .05 .02s .01 .005 .0005Level of signilicance for two-tailed test-5-Jadual tUMG 3r7BlLampiran I4.4374.3184.2214.1404.0734.0153.9653.9223.8833.8503.8193.7923.7673.7453.7253.7073.6903.6743.6s93.6463.55 I3.4603.3 t53.291dfI2J4)6789l0llt2l3l4l5l616t7l8l9202l22232425.203.0781.8861.6381.5331.476|.4401.4151.3971.3831.3721.363l.3561.350t.345l.341t.337I.JJJ1.3301.3281.325t3231.3211.3191.3181.316l.3lsr.3t41.313l.3l I1.3101.303r.2961.289t.282.106.3t42.9202.3532.1322.0t5t.9431.8951.8601.833t.t821.7961.7821.771|.7611.753t.7461.7401.7341.7291.7251.721|.7t71.7141.711l.708|.7061.7031.701r.699|.6971.684t.67r1.6581.645.05t2.7064.3033.1822.7762.5712.4472.3652.3062.2622.2282.2012.6812.1602.t452.r3r2.1202.1l02.1013.0932.0862.0802.0742.0692.0642.0602.0562.0522.0482.0452.042.023t.8216.9654.s413.7473.3653.1432.9982.8962.8212.7642.7182.6812.6502.6242.6022.5832.5672.5522.5392.5282.5182.5082.5002.4922.4852.4792.4732.4672.4622.45726zt2829304060120€2.021 2.4232.000 2.3901.980 2.358.01 .00163.657 636.6199.925 3l.5985.841 12.9414.604 8.6104.032 6.8593.707 5.9s93.499 5.4053.355 5.0413.250 4.7813.169 4.5873.1063.0553.0122.9772.9472.9212.8982.8782.8612.8452.83r2.8192.8072.7972.7872.7792.7712.7632.7562.7502.7042.6602.6t72.576L960 2.326Sumber: Roger & Schindler, 'Basiness Resesrch Methods 8'h ed-, McGraw HilII,2004...6/-[.rMG 3r7E]The Chi Square TestThe critical values of chi square given below show the probability that he calculated value of x2 is the resultof a chance distribution. The larger the value of x2 the smaller is the probability that He is corect.-6-0.010.050.10df 0.001lll2t3t4l5l6t7l8l920I.,J456789l02l2223242526272829302.714.606.257.789.2410.64t2.02t3.3614.6815.99t7.28l8.5519.8121.0622.3123.5424.7725.9927.2028.4129.6230.8132.0133.2034.3835.5636.7437.9239.0940.263.84s.997.829.4911.0712.5914.0715.5116.9218.3119.6821.0322.3623.6825.0026.3027.5928.8730.1431.4132.6733.9235.1736.4237.653 8.8840.1141.3442.5643.776.649.21tt.3413.2815.0916.8118.4820.092t.6723.2124.7226.2227.6929.1430.5832.0033.4134.8036.1937.573 8.9340.2941.6442.9844.314s.6449.9648.2849.5950.8910.8313.8216.27t6.2718.4622.4624.3226.1227.8829.5931.2632.9134.5336.r237.7039.2940.7542.3143.8245.3246.8048.2749.7351.18s2.6254.0555.4856.89s8.30s9.70From Siegel(I956); after Fisher and Yates (1953).Refer modul 4,'page 58....7 /--7 -l. Terangkan maksud LIMA (5) perkara di bawah:(a) SkewnessO) Normal distribution(c) Interval data(d) Frequencydistribution(e) Confidence interval(0 Significance level(g) Hypothesis testing(a) Apakah penyataan masalah bagi senario di atas?(b) Nyatakan hipotesis nul dan hipotesis alternatif.(c) Uji hipotesis dengan 95%o aras keyakinan.2. Bina satujadual taburan dan lukiskan gambarajah histogram untuk data berikut.(25 markah)3. Di dalam satu kelas, setengah daripada pelajar dalam kelas tersebut telah diberiminum kopi dengan kafein dan setengah pelajar lagi diberi minum kopi tanpakafein. Bilangan kekerapan pelajar menguap semasa syarahan telah direkodkan.Berpandukan senario ini dan data di jadual berikut, jawab soalan seterusnya.DenganKafein J ) 0 l2 1 2 ) 8TanpaKafein 8 9 t7 t0 4 l2 t6 llUMG 3r7Bl(5 markah)(5 markah)(5 markah)(5 markah)(5 markah)(5 markah)(5 markah)(5 markah)(5 markah)(15 markah)32 35 42 JJ 36 38 JI JJ 38 36 35 34 37 40 38 36 35 3l 37 36 JJ36 39 40 JJ 30 35 37 39 32 39 37 35 36 39 JJ 3l 40 5t 34 34 37. ..8/-5.-8- [.rMG 317E]4. Kira purata, sisihan piawai dan ujian'z bagi set data berikut:3, 6, 7, 122, 41, 21, L7, l, 3(25 markah)Data berikut dikumpul untuk menentukan sama ada hujan (inci) bergantung kepadakecerunan (kaki).Hujan (inci) Kecerunan (kaki)3678lt45400800200675(a) Berpandukan jadual di atas, uji hipotesis pekali regresi yang dikaitkan denganpembolehubah tidak bersandar bersamaan dengan kosong. Guna 95%o araskeertian.(25 markah)6. (a) Apa itu 'quadrat analysis'?(10 markah)(b) Senaraikan langkah-langkah dalam menjalankan kaedah'quadrat analysis'.(15 markah)...91--9- [.rMG 3r7E1aJ.4.5.6.7.SUKATAN KECENDERUNGAI\ MEMUSAT & SUKATAI\ SEBARANFormula1. Rumus X,samaada :I+ atauX: Igata., 1IfrnNNn2. Rumus * ialah X: L + [ u' )c atau L + cd,[d, + dr/ d, + d,Rumus X sama ada datak. Nll utuu *: L . [* - t]2[2)Rumus untuk Jumlah Kelas : K= I + 3.3 log nRumus SelangKelas = J9:d + tKRumus Julat: J: m7 - mpRumus Sisihan Kuartil, sama ada Q: % (Q3 - Q) ataue, :L .(+.)l u e, :1.{+trl-.}:(4 )f L+ )t9. Rumus Sisihan Piawai sama ada =v10. Ujian, : ^,-EorG-cf8. Rumus SisihanPurata samaada :ry atau :]IF, -X1 uou1iql", -Xlo* 1Iq (1., - xl)Rumus Ujian Khi Kuasa Dua (x2) = I[!9fl) ut **u ,u:o'iQ.Jadual t dilampirkanJadual Ujian Khi-Kuasa Dua dilampirkan.11.t2.13.rx'-[(>x)'rN]...r0/--10-Jadual tEXHIBIT G-2 Nilai kritikal t untuk level ProbabilitiUMG 317E1Lampiran 1.10 .05 .025Tahap signifikan pada uiian dua huiung.01 .005 .0005dfI234)6789l0.20 .10 .0512.7064.3033.1822.7',162.5712.4472.3652.3062.2622.2282.2012.6812.1602.t452.1312.1202.t102.1013.0932.0862.0802.0742.0692.0642.0602.0562.0s22.0482.0452.0422.0212.0001.9801.960.0231.8216.96s4.5413.7473.3653.1432.9982.8962.8212.7642.7182.6812.6502.6242.6022.5832.5672.5522.5392.5282.5t82.5082.5002.4922.4852.4792.4732.4672.4622.4572.4232.3902.3582.326.0163.6s79.9255.8414.6044.0323.7073.4993.3553.2503.1693.1063.0553.0122.9772.9472.9212.8982.8782.8612.8452.83r2.8192.8072.7972.7872.7792.7712.7632.7562.7502.7042.6602.6172.576.001636.61931.59812.94r8.6106.8595.9595.4055.0414J814.5874.4374.3 l84.2214.1404.0734.0153.9653.9223.8833.8503.8 l93.7923.7673.7453.7253.7073.6903.6743.6s93.6463.55 I3.460J.J /J3.291llt213l415l6t6t7l8l9203.078 6.3141.886 2.9201.638 2.3531.533 2.1321.476 2.0151.440 1.943l.415 I.895r.397 1.8601.383 1.8331.372 1.1821.363 l.?961.356 |.7821.350 1.77r1.345 1.7611.341 1.753r.337 1.7461.333 1.7401.330 1.7341.328 1.7291.325 1.7251.323 1.7211.321 1.7171 .3 19 1 .7141.318 l.7ll1.316 1.708I.3t5 |.7061.314 1.703l.313 1.701l.3l I 1.699I .3 l0 1 .6971.303 1.684| .296 1 .67 |r.289 1.6581.282 1.6452l2223242526272829304060t20@Sumber: Roger & Schindler, 'Business Research Methods {h ed., McGraw HilII,2004...tt/-[.rMG 3r7E]Jadual bagi Ujian Khi-Kuasa DuaThe Chi Square TestThe critical values of chi square given below show-the probability that he calculated value of x2 is tle resultof a chance distribution. The larger the value of x2 the-smaller iitheprobability that Hs is correct.- ll -0.0s0.10df 0.01 0.001I2J456789l02l222324252627282930llt2l3t4l5l6t718l9202.714.606.257.789.24t0.64t2.0213.3614.6815.9917.2818.5519.812t.0622.3123.5424.7725.9927.2028.4129.6230.8132.0133.2034.3835.5636.7437.9239.0940.263.845.997.829.4911.0712.59t4.0715.5116.9218.3 I19.682t.0322.3623.6825.0026.3027.5928.8730.1431.4132.6733.9235.r736.4237.653 8.8840.1I4t.3442.5643.776.649.21tl.34t3.2815.0916.8118.4820.0921.6723.2124.7226.2227.6929.r430.5832.0033.4134.8036.r937.573 8.9340.2941.6442.9844.3145.6449.9648.2849.5950.8910.8313.82t6.2716.27r 8.4622.4624.3226.1227.8829.s93r.2632.9134.5336.1237.7039.2940.7542.3143.8245.3246.8048.2749.7351.1852.6254.0555.4856.8958.30s9.70From Siegel(1956); after Fisher and Yates (1953).Rujuk Modul 4, ms 58- ooooooo -

JMG 317E - QUANTITATIVE GEOGRAPHY APRIL 08.

http://eprints.usm.my/5983/1/JMG_317E_-_QUANTITATIVE_GEOGRAPHY_APRIL_08.pdf

JMG 317E - QUANTITATIVE GEOGRAPHY APRIL 08.

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Repository@USM