Morphological traits and phenotypic variability of different genotypes of sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Koern.)

Abstract

Namen naloge je bil s poljskim poskusom preučiti 7 različnih genotipov sladke koruze in sicer križancev \u27Zarja\u27 in \u27Gold Cup\u27 ter 5 populacij sladke koruze \u27True Gold Sweet Corn\u27, \u27Golden Bantam\u27, \u27Ashworth\u27, \u27Extrasusser Zuckermais Damaun\u27 in \u27Mezdi KS\u27 na pridelek, čas cvetenja in čas mlečne zrelosti storžev, nekaterih lastnosti rastline in storža ter izenačenost posameznih genotipov v preučevanih lastnostih. Poskus je bil izveden na poskusnem polju Biotehniške fakultete v Jabljah pri Trzinu po metodiki naključnega bloka v 2 ponovitvah. V času rastne dobe smo beležili čas cvetenja ter izmerili višine rastlin in višine vrhnjih storžev. Storže smo pobirali v času mlečne zrelosti v 3 rokih. Storže smo prešteli, sveže storže stehtali, izmerili dolžino in premer storžev in prešteli vrste zrnja na storžih ter izračunali povprečne vrednosti, koeficient variacije in variacijsko širino. Glede na čas cvetenja sta bili najzgodnejši sorti \u27Ashworth\u27 in \u27Zarja\u27, najpoznejši pa \u27Gold Cup\u27 in \u27True Gold Sweet Corn\u27. Najzgodnejši sorti glede na čas mlečne zrelosti sta \u27Ashworth\u27 in \u27Extrasusser Zuckermais Damaun\u27, od 50 % svilanja do pobiranja sta potrebovali 25 oziroma 21 dninajpoznejši sorti \u27True Gold Sweet Corn\u27 in \u27Gold Cup\u27 pa 26 oziroma 29 dni. Skupno število dni od polnega cvetenja do pobiranja mlečno zrelih storžev se je gibalo med 12 in 39 dnevi, v odvisnosti od sorte, časa pobiranja in enakomernosti dozorevanja posamezne sorte. Sorta \u27Mezdi KS\u27 ima največjo povprečno maso storža, najdaljše in najdebelejše storže, z največjim številom vrst zrnja ter najvišjimi rastlinami. Sorta \u27Ashworth\u27 je najzgodnejša sorta, a ima najmanjše vrednosti za maso in dolžino storža ter višino rastline. Sorta \u27Zarja\u27 ima za večino lastnosti povprečne vrednosti, a je v vseh lastnostih najbolj izenačena.The purpose of our study was to investigate the 7 genotypes (varieties) of sweet maize, namely 2 hybrids (\u27Zarja\u27 and \u27Gold Cup\u27) and 5 populations (\u27True Gold Sweet Corn\u27, \u27Golden Bantam\u27, \u27Ashworth\u27, \u27Extrasusser Zuckermais Damaun\u27 and \u27Mezdi KS\u27). The study included flowering and milk maturity time, lenght, diameter and weight of ears, plant height, height of the uppermost ear and homogeneity of investigated traits. Fot all traits, the minimum, maximum, mean and CV (%) values were calculated. The trial took place on the experimental fields of the Biotechnical Faculty at Jablje near Ljubljana. Regarding the flowering time, the earliest were \u27Ashworth\u27 and \u27Zarja\u27, while the latest were \u27Gold Cup\u27 and \u27True Gold Sweet Corn\u27. Considering the milk maturity time, the earliest varieties were \u27Ashworth\u27 and \u27Extrasusser Zuckermais Damaun\u27, and the period from 50 % silking to milk maturity was 25 and 21 days, respectivelywhile the latest varieties, \u27True Gold Sweet Corn\u27 and \u27Gold Cup\u27, needed 26 and 29 days, respectively. The total number of days from 50 % silking to milk maturity varied between 12 and 39 days, depending on variety, harvest time and the homogeneity of milk ripening time of individual variety. \u27Mezdi KS\u27 was characterised by the highest average weight of ears, and the longest and the thickest ears. \u27Ashworth\u27 was the earliest variety and it also exhibited the lowest values of weight and length of ears. \u27Zarja\u27 was characterised by average values for most traits and was the most homogeneous in all studied traits.

    Similar works