Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC)pu

Benavente, D.

Cueto, N.

García del Cura, M. Ángeles

Martínez-Martínez, J.

Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC)Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Docta Complutense

ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF MARBLES ANO OTHER STONES IN ANTIQUITY INSTITUT CATALÁ D'ARQUEOLOGIA CLÁSSICA IX ASMOSIA International Conference Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone ASMOSIA IX JN r tr~NACIONA I CON l'FRENCE TARRAGONA 2009 Tarragona, 8-13th June 2009 Main Hall of the Rovira i Virgili University - Rectorate build ing ~ IX 1nternational Conference ASMOSIA PETROGRAHIC FEA TU RES MD PHYSJCAL PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN TRA VERTINE BUILDl~G STONES M.A. GARCÍA-DEL-CURA 12, D. B ENAVENTE23 , J. MARTÍKEZ-MARTÍ~EZ2 3 A~D N. Ci.;ET02 3 1 lnslituto de Geologia Económica. CSIC-UCM, Spain; angcgcurn@.ua.cs 2Laboratorio de Petrologia Aplicada. Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA, Spain. 3Depanamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alicante AP. 99.03080 Alicante, Spain. Travenine stone is widely used in the cultural heritage, maínly throughout the Medítcrranean arca. ln this paper, wc have srudicd two varictics of Spanish coloured travertines from the Betic Zone, marketed as Red Alhama (from Alhama de Almeria) and Golden Travcrtine (from Albox, Almena provincc); a grey limcstone with rufa facies used in thc c ity of Vclencia's architectural heritage (Godella stonc); and a white Turkey travcrtine, which is largcly marketcd as C lassic Travenine and is commonly imponed by Levantina S.A. Severa! pbysical propertics of travertincs are charactcrised and linked to thcir fabric : dry bulk dcnsity, open porosiry (P) and capillary absorption coefficienl. Detennination of strengtb was performed using dry uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and ul trasonic tests. The ultrasonic transmission method was used to obtain comprcssional (vP) and shear waves (vS) as well as thc anisotropy cocfficient. The travertines studied are mainly composed of calcite (>95%,) and show severa! petro!:,rraphic facies, which can be classified as travertine and tufa. Travertinc is formed by parallel layers of lirncstone (bedding) and severa! different facies or fabrics are distingui shed: porous, massivc, laminated and cryptolaminared. Tufa or rufaceous limestoncs show homogcneous porous tllfa facies and complex rufa facies with stromatolitic stn1ctures. Thus, the Red Alhnrna travertine studicd prcsents mainly laminated and cryptolaminatcd facies (P =5 .48:!:0.43%), ns well as homogcneous porous rufa facies (P = 31. 72±3.03%). The Goldcn Travcrtinc srudicd mainly prcsents porous travertinc facies (P = 11 .82±4.05%); the srudicd Godella stonc shows complcx rufa facies (P = 29.89±3.69%); Mcanwhile in the White Turkcy travcrtinc massivc facies (P "'- 6.79±0.05%) prcdominatc. Thc petrophysical propertics of the travertines depend greatly on the ir facies. Thus, low-porous or massive travertínes showed the highest mechanical rcsistancc, for examplc, in thl! Whitc Turkcy travcninc, UCS = 41 .89±9.90 MPa, vp = 4946.34±2 11 .49 mis and vs= 285 1.13±76.17 mis, measured in the perpcndicularly to sedimentary stnicrurcs, whilst thc high-porous ni fa facies werc the leasr resistant, for cxample, in the Godclla Stone, UCS """ 15 .97±5. 74 MPa, vp = 4390.2 1 ±0.32 mis and vs "' 2395.01 ±272.12 mis. The laminated fa cies revea! thc most anisotropic bchavior, which is clearly displaycd in the capillary and mcchan ical propertics. Morcover, ir is important to highlight the low intlucnce of sedimentary stnicrures on thc mcchanical propertics (strcngth and ultrasonic vc lociry), eithcr parallel or perpendicular to bcdding and/or lamination on the unweathered stonc. This fact corroborates the good pcrfonnance oftravcrtinc as a d imensional stone. Acknowlcdgements: This srudy was financcd by the Spanish Govcmment (MEC Projcct CG L2006-0502 7 /BTE). 190 Abstracts posters session II INFLUENCE OF MESOFABRIC ON WATER TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF CONTINENTAL LIMESTONES A S 11 OS I A \,,,kl~U· 1 l,.11!i\ ~I ,1, "' \hrl1 &lhh..r~t'"" In \11'-lllj• 'Deplwtamento de CienClas de la Tiemi y del Medio Ambiente. Universidad de Alicante. Ap. 99., 03080. Spain. 21..abortDrio de Pelrologla Aplicada. Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA 'lnst" de Geologla Económica. CSIC-UCM. " Un~'~irat d'Alacant , ... , Un~'\'~ad de Alicante z o ¡::: o.. o:: o "' w e R"The influence of mesofabric or sedimentary structures on water transport properties (WTP) was assessed in Spanish coloured travertines from the Betic Zone (Red Alhama and Golden Travertine from Albox), in a white Turkey travertine and in Colmenar Stone. As regards the first two types of stone, their petrological and petrographic characteristics are described in detail by Garcia-<lel-Cura et al. (1). Colmenar Stone is a white biogenic lacustrine limestone largely used in the cultural heritage of Madrid, in sculptures and buildings. Travertine facies of Albox Tufa facies of Alhama Travertine facies of Altlama .--· 1 1 Figures. SC8nned and SEM-bse imagesoflhe trevertineand tufa fldes s ludied. The experimental procedure consisled of IWO slages: (1) pore slrudure and (2) hydncal properties dlaraclerizalion. The pore slruclure characterizalion and lhe caplllaty absorption coelrlcienl were performed using prismalic samples (4x4x4 cm). whilst lhe samples used for permeabilily experimental procedure were cored from prismalic samples (7x7x14 cm). from parallel and perpendicular bedding of limeslones. Thus. lhe water permeabi~ly was on cylindrical rock samples (3 cm in diameter and 6 cm in height). Pore slrudure was described in tetms ol porosily. including total, 0 " and effective porosity, 0_ 0 ,isdefinedaslhe ralioollhevolumeof lhe pore space/bulk volumeoflhe material and can be ex¡iressed as ralios of densities (4). Solid densily, p,. was obtained lhrough Helium pycnomeler tests using an AccuPyc 1330 device and bulk densily, P~ was calcutated by d irect measurements of sampte dimensions. 0 .. was performed acoording vacuum saturalion porosily lesl. Hydrical properties were analysed by means ol the capmary 1mbibilion lest (5) and water penneabilily test performed using lhe sleady-stay flow melhods. Prior lo the permeability test. the samples were dried ata temperature of 70 oC for 48 hours unut constant mass was achieved. This sampte was then saturated according to lhe vacuum saturation test Finally, it was placed tn a triaxial cell. Thus. water permeability was estimated using Oarcy's Law, when the steady·stayflowwasachieved, in otherwords, when both the water inflow and outflow were equal. ftgu<es. Experimental wetght ol absorbedwaterperunil area, M(l)'Sversus IQUll'e rootoftime. 1' ' {right)of lravel1ineand tufa facie4obtainedftom Chef' 1Wo0<1hogonal~(pa.-, I/, andperpendicular, l., lolheboddinglporoolt) The open porosity. 0". shows a good linear correlalion wilh permeabilily coefficienl, k, oblalned using lhe steady-stay flow melhods. The fabric or facies slrongly influences porosily and WTP behaviour (permeabilily and caplllary absorption coefficient, C, of continental carbonate rocks. Thus, lhe massive facies registered lhe lowest physical property values, for example, in lhe Colmenar Stone. whilsl homogeneous porous lula facies showed lhe highesl values T-. BIAk densily.p, .local. ''-and elleclive, a_pomsny, c:apil91Y conne<:!Bd p<WOSlly. e.,ceptlaiy llbsorplion coeftlcienl, c . .,.,,..-Y. k.andenisolropiccoell'icienl.A.valuesofn•..-•ndWl•f»es -T.-fedoo T- r.--- - - ......... -- - - "'*'-= ..,_ -N < 24l:tOOI 221t0.tl :t....S1 4l.1t 2S4t0.0t t.11t0.M H1 t 001 ?MaOOI 2..o&l t OOt :t.51 .. 0ed 10.1St 2. 14 H ... tlot f.11t0.3' """" U5to..A l'tt 1 1-.. S.75t03 3Mt11t l .'1.11115 1,_'3.t.7.•1 U:ltU t S.n :tUI ll!!lt7S «.31 t 0.3 ,, •• U'1 :J.41tt.21 19h0.t 5 11.t7 t4.51 11110.:. 2.t h 0.7' 1lQ.42alD.71 U ll O.M º" .... º" '·'" º"' - º"" '" ,.., 0011 ... º" º" R.,_.,,._ In travertine facies, WTP are highly conditiooed by sed1mentary structures(paranel bedding of limestone). e and kcoetrlcienlS aremuch higher in lhe direction parallel lo lhe bedding, increasing the anisotropy. This may lead lo wealhering processes relaled WTP in lhe parallel d ire<:tion as well as lo reduced mechanical resistance. Cryptolaminated facies show lower e and k values lhan laminated facies, due lo lhe varying limits belween adjacent beddings and, consequenUy, lo lhe low associaled open porosily. Addilionally, IWO particularfy Importan! aspeclS were revealed in lhis researeh. On lhe one hand, WTP do nol obey sedimentary slructure díreclionalily in eilher laminated facies wilh fenestra! porosily perpendicular lo the bedding, for example in lhe specific case of Albox, or Cl)'Plolaminaled facies with fenestra! porosily placed as parallel tubes, e.g. Alhama. Thus, water dislribution is greaUy influenced by the orientation of porosity, increasing in a parallel direction and providing lhe rocks wilh anisotropic water dislribulion on bolh saturated (permeabilily) and unsaturaled media (capillarily). Finally, lhe WTP behaviour of hornogeneous porous tufa facies 1s also reslricled by lhe spalial d islribution of framewort< porosily. The influence of fabric porosily on WTP behaviour may also be significan! in diminishing the stone's mechanical properties in the most absotbing ir · ns · es 1llll Aldy-~by h si--Gov9rnmenl (MEC Projecl CGl.2006-05027/BTE) ond llle Comnulity of- (Projecl 50505-MATI000094 MATERNAS). f1) Garda-del-C,.., M. A., Benawnle, D., Manlnez-Mat1Jnez, J ., C<Hllo. N ., 2009. ASMOSIA The 9• 1n1amalionaJ Conforonc:e of lhe -lion for lhe Study of Moll>les ond - Stones In Anliquity, f2) V0<a. J . A. . 2004. Geologla de Espal\a. Sododad GeoJógial de Espolla - ln&l>lulo Geoldgico y Minero de E_.,.. Madrid. __. -.-._,, - lo N. Cl*oby MEC (Projecl MAT 2003-01823) (3( Garcfa del Cura. M. A., Ordóllez. S ., 0-. E., Gonúlez Manln, J . A. 1994. Bololln Geológico y M#lero. Vol. 1~. (4) Hal. C .. .-. W. D .• 2002. WOI.« lr1lnSpOr1 In bnc:ll. _,. and ooncnta. Span PTus. L..-, and Now Ym1<. (5) Anonymous. 1999. Nabnl SloM Test Melhods. Del-ol walM aóocx¡>tion ooonoent by~· EN 1925. IASMOS IA 1 \••01 ..... ......... -." - .. 1~·~-·· '-..o• We have studied two variet les of Spanlsh coloured travertlnes from the Betic Zone, marketed as Red Alhama (from Alhama de Almerla) and Golden Travertine (from Albox, Almerla p rovince); a grey limestone with tufa facies used In the city of Valencia's architectural heritage (Godella stone); and a white Turkey travertine. Travertine is used In the Comunitat Valenciana from Middle Ages to recent time. Al.bam• STONE AJbama Homogeneous l'Íl6°PERTl~S: - T_ra~ocia. - ~"'"'/• :::: Bulk density (glctr_t') ' (crypt0li_uninl1/0f · facies · • 2.51<>0.IU-Structures • Laminated • Bedded <11 • Massive Albo• - ..o.-Tn ...;:¡¡_/ocla -- {laminilled #Ul.fsfrdptÑyHLJ) -parallel perp<Odi<ular Textures: Arborescent <21 ("Stromatolitic ") Porous tufa facies: Homogeneous Complex lntraclastic Goddla Tu_rkisb travertine Comp/atM/a - -~T~/acU< - i-'f llCÍa _ :;:: f---'(hanin=.::·c;au=dc:mass;;=::i.:..:•°<11"7'0:.:·.:..:;,,:.:"'"':¡'-~ paralleJ perpmdicu lar-· -1:81 ±o.tL_ - --- 2.46±0.05 • . _31.1it3.o;¡ .:_ - _~.,,-11.slj.4.05 OpmP!Jrosity ('to)~ -~-- .. ~-- .s . .¡s<> o . .µ_ • 29.89 " 3.69 __ P•vlng ot Alrport. Barcelona. 20th Centuty Uoju..i,1-compressive strength (MJ>a) "UÑt-EN·- -r926:20Ó7 • :-· 49.48 ± i0.36 .. . ;-~.: ... _; ~ ·-. : .... 12.27±4.50 43.18°± 14.07 36.82±-3.70 )5;!1_i±5.74 _39.6!°± 12.64 -'~~~-~- . ·;; -~~.: ... : :-: - -;.--~: ... ~- .. ;: - -~ ,_. : .. :: - ~----'!--: • Comp~ioilaJ _ .wavevdocitics. .41!73.53 ~ U l.30. .4l95.51 __ -:P~-~ .5(;29.2Úl5'.1-~2_ .5211'.92-± Ul.46 -4390.ll ±0.3_2_ -~O.OÜ26!~2- .4!!46.Ji±ll_L~~ Vp (mis) . . - - ·· ' : .- -Shet:rwave .ve1ocili0,.Ys _ .22.34.94 ¡11.~I.:;:: .ll.72.19* !~·!'!. 3<165.15 * 73:87_-_ .2!1J4~2±5'.32. __ . _0.9H o.~2.:;:: • 2873.414.±~.2~- . 2851.13.±-76.~~ (mis) · .--, . . ~ ,. i ') ... ¡ ;.~' t .-, . ~ l. l,: '• ,. Turtd$h travertlne Godell1 Stone CONCLUSIONES: • Travertine show variated structures and texturea. • Mechanical propertles are malnly related to atructures • The laminated beles reveal the most anisotropic behavior, which is displayed in the physical propertles. • Compressional and shear wave velocities are the phyaical propertiea more inftuenced by the aniaotropy of the stone. P L KANCOCK , R-M. L CHAl..MERS, E. AlTUNEL (2000) Ctudon Md deñ'udicft of ~ ~t:t0t1et:JyUl1hql.laQtaiAlngatHietapoí•, Turitey. Geo.bgitcalSoci8fy, /.ondctn, Sp«Mll ~171, 1 -14 (2) H. S . Chalett, R. L Foil {198-4J T,_,.,.; ~ morptdogy ar'od lh• becWNly conecructed c:onam»nlL JOCIM/olSdnenta')'R.~. 5', 289--318 Acknowtedgementa: Thla atudy was financed by the Spaniah Govemment (MEC Project CGL2~5027/BTE). 

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Petrograhic features and physical properties of certain travertine building stones

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Petrograhic features and physical properties of certain travertine building stones

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