Inflammation and tumor

Abstract

Peyton Rous je došao do zaključka da mala stalna oštećenja stanica stvaraju inicijacijske točke za daljnji razvoj tumora.[4] Takve točke trebaju drugi poticaj koji će ih pokrenuti. Često je to i upala. Upalni proces stvara slobodne radikale koji oštećuju okolno tkivo. Nastala klica tumora kreće s rastom te luči citokine i kemokine koji su „hormoni“ imunološkog sustava. Tim potezom tumor dobiva sposobnost mobiliziranja i regrutiranja imunoloških stanica koje koristi za regulaciju svog rasta, prilagođavanje mikrookoliša svojim potrebama, a na kraju i za metastazitanje u nove organe. Osim oštećenja uzrokovanih akutnom upalom, ustrajale infekcije koje uzrokuju kroničnu upalu za posljedicu mogu imati nastanak tumora. Helicobacter pylori je potvrđeno glavni uzročnik raka želuca – drugog po učestalosti u svijetu. Suzbijanje upale smanjuje rizik od nastanka tumora, ali to nije odgovor. Upala je dvosjekli mač. Iako pod kontrolom tumora pomaže njegov razvoj, upala je jedan od načina kako imunološki sustav otklanja tumora. Kod osobe koja već ima oslabljeni imunološki sustav, suprimiranje upalnog odgovora bi otvorilo frontove za nove infekcije. Daljnjim istraživanjem možda nađemo način kako iskoristit upalnu reakciju protiv tumora i okrenemo ravnotežu citokina i kemokina lokalno, ali globalna supresija upale nije odgovor.Peyton Rous came to conclusion that small, permanent damages to cells produce initiation points for tumor growth. [4] Those initiation points still need a second stimulus which will promote them into growth. Frequently, that stimulus is inflammation. Inflammation process produces reactive radicals which damage nearby tissue. Promoted cells start growing and producing cytokines and chemokines which are “hormones” of immune system. With control of them, tumor starts recruiting other immune cells which it uses for regulation of its own growth, micro environment, and metastasis. Not only damage caused by acute inflammation can be the cause of tumor growth, persistent infections which cause chronic inflammation can cause it too. Helicobacter pylori is confirmed the main cause of stomach cancer – second most frequent in the world. Suppression of inflammation lowers the risk of cancer growth, but that isn’t the solution. Inflammation is double edged sword. Under tumor control inflammation helps its growth; it’s still one of the ways immune system deals with tumors. Suppressing inflammation in person that has weak immune system would only open up new frontiers for other infections. Continued research might find a way to use inflammation reaction against tumors and turn the cytokine and chemokine balance locally because suppressing inflammation globally isn’t the answer